统一结构的发明思想USIT——TRIZ的一种新模式

介绍了TRIZ理论的发展和TRIZ在现代化进程中的统一结构的发明思想USIT。通过比较TRIZ与USIT 在内容上的相关性及其解决问题的各个阶段,阐述了USIT模式的主要内容,即对象复数法、属性维数法、功能分配法、 组合解决法和概括解决法。     

基于混合多属性决策的TRIZ集成创新方法评价

从TRIZ集成创新方法分析和解决矛盾问题的角度,结合TRIZ理论的39个工程参数,构建了TRIZ集成创新方法的综合评价指标。对区间数相离度和可能度偏差最大化多属性决策的方法进行了改进,将区间型数据与精确型数据相统一,建立了混合数据指标的评价模型,并说明了算法步骤,解决了TRIZ集成创新方法的混合多属性评价与决策问题。通过算例说明了混合多属性决策在产品设计创新方法中的评价与选择过程。     

创新方法"TRIZ"在德国的理论研究和应用

1.TRIZ体系简介(1)TRIZ的理论基础①对创新规律的基本认识TRIZ翻译成德文是Theoriedes erfinderischen Problemlsens,意为"发明问题解决理论"。前苏联科学家阿苏尔在对20万个发     

基于TRIZ理论的企业流程再造实施模型研究

企业流程再造理论(BPR)是与传统的分工思想相对立的合工管理思想,曾倍受国内外企业推崇与推广。发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)是一种产品创新理论,适用于企业流程再造,并在再造原则与创新逻辑框架、方法与工具、再造评价与控制等方面支持BPR。通过首次引入TRIZ,并结合企业战略、供应链理论提出了BPR的推进模式,重点研究了利用TRIZ再造企业关键流程、组织结构和企业文化的模型。     

论资本的二维属性

文章提出资本的二维属性并对资本的第一维属性"财货"和资本的第二维属性"增值索取权"进行了分析。运用资本的二维属性统一了马克思的资本和西方经济学的资本,消除了西方经济学资本理论体系的逻辑悖论,消除了对马克思资本理论体系的一些疑问。     

发明问题解决理论与可拓学的比较研究

从矛盾分类、研究对象、理论基础、方法体系等方面比较了TRIZ与可拓学的差异,通过对比两者的哲学思想,以及基元理论与物质一场理论、40条创新原理与可拓推理,分析了TRIZ与可拓学的内在联系。     

环境规制对中国制造业创新转型发展的影响

首先分析了环境规制对制造业创新转型能力的影响机制。分析表明,环境规制的实施对企业理论技术创新的影响具有"正负双重效应",而且其发挥效应的大小还与行业污染强度存在密切联系。同时,理论创新成果数量、企业自身污染属性和技术转化难度成为环境规制推动企业将理论创新成果转化为产品创新能力的约束条件。在此基础上,构建了一个环境规制对我国制造业创新转型升级影响效应的计量分析模型,并采用2005—2014年我国制造业大中型企业的行业面板数据进行实证分析,得出了以下主要结论:(1)实行更加严格的环境规制对推动我国制造业的创新转型必然具有显著的"激励"效应。(2)环境规制对我国制造业创新转型的推动作用与制造业自身的污染属性以及其所处的创新转型阶段密切相关。(3)目前环境规制对推动我国制造业转型升级成功的"合力效应"尚不明显。     

萃思学(TRIZ)及其推广应用问题探析

萃思学(TRIZ)是迄今为止最为系统、强大和实用的创新理论与方法体系。在概述萃思学发展历程、学科属性、体系结构与创新技术流程的基础上,重点讨论了萃思学推广应用过程中遇到的5个基本问题。只有成功地解决了这些问题,才能顺利地推进萃思学的推广应用,进而产生显著的经济与社会效益。     

TRIZ原理在产品技术成熟度预测中的应用

准确地进行产品的技术成熟度预测是企业制定产品战略的关键,但传统的预测方法存在主观性强、局限性大等缺点。TRIZ理论提供了一种新的技术预测方法,该方法与传统的预测方法相比,具有很大的优势。利用TRIZ技术预测方法评估了电动自行车技术系统的成熟度,并绘出技术成熟度预测曲线,为该产品的技术发展提供了有益的帮助。     

基于TRIZ理想化方法的环保产业发展路径优化研究

文章在分析TRIZ理想化方法与环保产业发展路径的基础上,将TRIZ理论应用于环保产业,提出了一种新的研究方法.此方法包括理想化水平的评价模型、TRIZ的帕累托最优与改进 (优化原则)、环保产业发展路径优化思路、步骤,可以为相关研究者提供借鉴.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.