从效率优先到更加注重公平——改革开放以来我国在公平与效率关系上的演变

改革开放以来,我国在公平与效率关系的权衡上,经历了从"公平优先→兼顾效率和公平→效率优先,兼顾公平→初次分配注重效率,再分配注重公平→更加注重公平"的演变过程。     

How to talk to multiple audiences

Stochastic fictitious play (SFP) assumes that agents do not try to influence the future play of their current opponents, an assumption that is justified by appeal to a setting with a large population of players who are randomly matched to play the game. However, the dynamics of SFP have only been analyzed in models where all agents in a player role have the same beliefs. We analyze the dynamics of SFP in settings where there is a population of agents who observe only outcomes in their own matches and thus have heterogeneous beliefs. We provide conditions that ensure that the system converges to a state with homogeneous beliefs, and that its asymptotic behavior is the same as with a single representative agent in each player role.     

Committing to transparency to resist corruption

This paper studies firms' incentives to commit to transparent behavior in a competitive procedure modeled as an asymmetric information beauty contest managed by a corrupt agent. In his evaluation of firms' offers for a public contract the agent has some discretion to favor a firm in exchange for a bribe. While unilateral commitment to transparency is never incentive compatible, under some circumstances a voluntary but conditional commitment mechanism can eliminate corruption. A low quality firm may prefer not to commit only when the agent's discretion is strong and the market's profitability is small. In that situation, the high quality firms commit when commitment decisions are kept secret, but some conditions on firms' beliefs are required when commitment decisions are publicly announced. A mechanism combining both conditionality and a reward (a transparent selection advantage that needs not be large) allows complete elimination of corruption.     

Incentives to invest and to give access to non-regulated new technologies

We analyze the incentives of a vertically integrated firm, which is a regulated monopolist in the wholesale market and competes with an entrant in the retail market, to invest and to give access to a new wholesale technology. The new technology represents a non-drastic innovation that produces retail services of a higher quality than the old technology, and is left unregulated. We show that for intermediate values of the access price for the old technology, the vertically integrated firm may decide not to invest. When investment occurs, the vertically integrated firm may be induced to give access to the entrant for a low access price for the old technology. Furthermore, when both firms can invest, investment occurs under a larger set of circumstances, and it is the entrant the firm that invests in more cases. We also discuss the implications for the regulation of the old technology.     

应对反倾销的策略

近年来，我国对外贸易快速增长，已跻身世界贸易六大强国行列。但同时，我国出口产品被反倾销、反补贴涉诉案件日益增多。针对这一情况，提出一些应对反倾销的策略和措施。     

学会按自然规律办事

无锡市,地处太湖流域武澄锡低片,滨临太湖,邻近长江,京杭运河贯穿市区腹部,通江入湖河道众多成网,是一座处于洪水走廊上的城市,历来防汛任务繁重。从这一市情出发,多年来无锡市委、市政府以经济建设为中心,总揽全局,切实加强对城市防汛工作的领导,组织和依靠广大干部群众,团结治水,逐步走出了一条城市防汛工作的路子,其特点是“五结合”：工程措施与非工程措施结合,专项防汛工程建设与城市基础设施建设结合,城市因地制宜的自身设防与治理太湖的流域水利工程的屏障作用结合,固实加高防洪堤墙措施与重视保护河道、广泛疏浚河…     

如何应对日本的贸易制裁

日本农水省近日正式宣布,从4月1日起到10月底,对所有进口农产品实施检疫管理;从4月23日起,对来自中国的大葱、鲜香菇及灯芯草三种农产品实施“紧急限制进口措施”。该措施规定,对于一定数据的上述进口农产品实施原税率,而对规定数字以外的上述农产品实施高额税率,最高税率可达260％。     

转型，朝着科学发展的方向

在全球金融危机肆虐,保增长、“双过半”处在关键阶段的特殊时刻,我们必须立足当前、着眼长远,在科学发展观的指导下,不失时机地加快推进经济社会全面转型,努力构筑科学发展新优势。在当前推动科学发展的实践中,无锡市各级领导干部,特别是党政主要领导干部应当如何思考、如何研判、如何行动,就此谈一些体会和认识。     

传统农区走新型工业化道路的财政政策研究

定位于国家粮食安全保障的传统农区,多年来却一直面临农民收入增长缓慢和地区经济发展不快的难题,要想保证粮食安全,农区也必须走工业化道路,对于传统农区这样一个发展中国家的后发展区域来说,则是必须走新型工业化道路。财政政策是推动地区和产业发展的有力工具,多年来国家一直给予传统农区以财政上的支持,但这些财政政策主要是围绕农业和粮食做文章,与新型工业化的耦合不足,传统农区要走新型工业化道路,必须创新针对于传统农区的财政政策。     

从按劳分配到按要素贡献分配变迁的理论依据

在收入分配变迁原因的理论依据上,我国存在着从所有制理论和价值理论出发解释收入分配变迁的两种理论,我们分别称之为收入分配变迁的所有制理论和收入分配变迁的价值理论。本文认为,收入分配变迁的所有制理论,只能说明我国收入分配方式和分配理论为什么必须按某一路径变迁,却无法对这种变迁本身做出价值判断,对这一问题的回答必须借助收入分配变迁的价值理论。如果说收入分配变迁的所有制理论旨在探求收入分配方式、收入分配理论变迁的客观必然性的话,收入分配变迁的价值理论则是对这种变迁做出好或坏的评价。收入分配变迁的价值理论和收入分配变迁的所有制理论是从两个不同角度对收入分配进行论述的。     

How to translate results from auctions to procurements

The translation of statements from auctions to procurements is not always straightforward. We define a duality relationship between them and provide the appropriate transformations needed for establishing it. Additionally, we prove that affiliation is preserved under these transformations and establish the linkage principle for procurements.     

关于我国"入世"对策的逆向思考

我国加入ＷＴＯ后，不仅出口产品将受到环保要求等苛刻技术标准的限制，而且国内服务市场也将受到“服务贸易自由化”的冲击。为此，我们不能采取被动性防御的态度来研究“权利和义务”方面的对策，而应运用逆向思考，从问题的对立面上寻找积极进取的对策。本文认为，环境标准是贸易的制约因素，但是，将两者统一起来，发展环保产业和环境贸易，就可以变不利为有利，促进外贸新增长。同样道理，金融自由化虽能利用服务贸易的要求冲击