浅议黑龙江省低收入者住房保障体系

城市住房保障制度，是住房市场化分配机制的必要补充制度，也是国家保障制度的重要组成部分。当前，由于广大城市低收入者无力参与市场化的交易，难以通过市场解决其基本的居住需求，使得低收入群体的住房保障问题随着住房市场化进程的加快而日益突出。经济适用房与廉租房是中国目前城市低收入群体住房保障制度的两种形式。由于中国城市低收入阶层居民的住房保障制度还刚起步，制度还存在许多需要完善的部分，同时，在实践中也存在若干偏差，使得当前城市收入阶层的住房保障整体效果并不尽人意，广大城市低收入群体享受到的住障十分有限。因此，对中国城市低收入群体住房保障制度进行研究具有重要论和现实意义。     

收入不平等与中美经常项目失衡

本文建立一个开放经济环境的动态随机一般均衡模型,分析了收入不平等对经常项目的影响。数值模拟的结果表明:收入不平等可以通过国内消费需求、低收入阶层贷款和高收入阶层持有国外债券三个途径实现对经常项目的影响。长期内,收入不平等改善能够提高国内总需求,减少低收入阶层贷款和高收入阶层的国外债券持有量;短期内,收入不平等改善会降低中国低收入阶层消费,促进美国低收入阶层消费增加;收入不平等改善会减少中国经常项目顺差,而改善美国经常项目顺差,金融深化则会放大其作用幅度。本文结论显示,维持合理的收入分配以及适度的金融自由化水平有助于我国经常项目"再平衡"。     

住房保障制度的国际经验及启示

住房问题是关系国计民生的热点问题,也是重大的社会问题和政治问题.解决好城市中低收入群体的住房问题,是城镇住房的重点和难点,也是政府的重要职责和住房政策的主体目标,各国政府在城镇居民住房保障制度方面都进行了积极探索.学习和借鉴国外的成功经验,对加快完善我国的住房保障制度有着重大的启迪意义.     

国外保障低收入者住宅权的举措对我国的启示

住宅是人们幸福生活的基石,我国城市低收入居民住宅供给的市场失灵,揭示出政府有责任保障低收入人群住宅权利,在介绍了一些国家政府解决低收入者住宅问题的举措后,文章指出了这些经验对我国的分享意义,提出了一些对策。     

我国廉租房制度建设探讨

现行市场经济中,房屋价格飞速上涨,城市中低收入群体住不起房的现象比比皆是.他们居无定所,缺失社会保障,影响社会安定和和谐社会的建设.在十七大报告中,胡锦涛同志提出"健全廉租房制度,加快解决城市低收入家庭住房困难."可见针对城市低收入群体的住房保障制度已提上政府议程,并取得一定成效.     

我国廉租房制度建设探讨

现行市场经济中,房屋价格飞速上涨,城市中低收入群体住不起房的现象比比皆是。他们居无定所,缺失社会保障,影响社会安定和和谐社会的建设。在十七大报告中,胡锦涛同志提出：“健全廉租房制度,加快解决城市低收入家庭住房困难。”可见针对城市低收入群体的住房保障制度已提上政府议程,并取得一定成效。     

收入分配对中国城镇居民消费需求影响的实证分析

实证研究表明,我国收入差距与总消费是负相关的,即缩小收入差距的收入分配政策将提高总消费。因此,我们应在不损害效率的前提下,缩小收入差距,提高低收入阶层居民的收入,努力促进中等收入阶层的扩大,逐步形成低收入阶层和高收入阶层所占比例均较小的“橄榄形”收入分配格局。     

政府与城市弱势群体住宅消费保障的关系探析

本文分析了我国城市弱势群体产生对社会经济发展的影响，阐述了住宅消费保障在社会保障制度中地位，在此基础上指出政府解决城市弱势群体住宅消费保障问题的必然性，认为政府应该在城市弱势群体住宅消费保障中承担主体责任，进而制定相应的政策。     

构建城市低收入人群住房保障制度的思考

文章从中国低收入人群住房保障的研究现状和实情出发,探讨了造成中国低收入人群住房保障现状的原因,并对如何构建中国城市低收入人群住房保障制度提出了政策选择措施。     

论我国公共住房的模式选择与对策建议

城市的住房问题凸显,低收入群体住房尤其困难,建立完善住房保障制度对于建立和谐社会、增进社会公平具有重要意义.本文从保障性住房即公共住房的起源及其模式的分析着手,探究国内住房保障模式存在的问题,在借鉴国外成功经验的基础上,有针对性地提出了国内公共住房建设的对策和建议.     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )