Structural Change and Economic Growth in China

This study develops a new analytical framework to account for sources of rapid economic growth in China. The traditional Solow approach is expanded to include another source of economic growth—structural change. The empirical results show that structural change has contributed to growth significantly by reallocating resources from low‐productivity sectors to high‐productivity sectors. It is found that the returns to capital investment in both agricultural production and rural enterprises are much higher than those in urban sectors, indicating underinvestment in rural areas. On the other hand, labor productivity in the agricultural sector remains low, a result of the still large surpluses of labor in the sector. Therefore, further development of rural enterprises and an increase in labor flow among sectors and across regions are key to improvements in overall economic efficiency.     

珠三角地区产业结构升级与区域经济发展——基于东莞市产业结构升级的实证研究

文章借鉴Feder非均衡模型的思想,构建了一个反映工业发展对经济发展影响的非均衡计量经济模型。模型分析表明,工业部门比非工业部门边际生产率更高,工业部门对非工业部门存在正的外部性,将更多的资本、人力等资源配置到工业部门有利于提高整个经济的生产率水平,推进产业结构升级,促进经济增长。     

后金融危机时期我国工农业乘数效应研究*

本文基于两部门经济增长模型构建工农业内生增长模型,考虑了工业与农业生产率差异和工农业溢出效应,分析在有限的资源条件下工业部门资源配置优势以及全社会经济增长影响因素。研究发现：工业部门因其生产率优势、溢出效应而具有资源配置优势,但农业发展滞后也会限制工业资源配置优势扩大;同时,全社会经济增长受工业增长、工业对农业溢出效应及农业增长共同影响。因此,工农业既存在资源竞争,又存在协调发展需要。     

减免东盟农产品进口关税对中国宏观经济和产业影响的可计算一般均衡分析

Chingem模型是一个中国静态CGE模型.在Chingem模型的基础上,按照中国与东盟达成的"早期收获方案",模拟2006年减免东盟原六国农产品进口关税对中国宏观经济和产业的短期影响.研究表明,减免东盟六国农产品进口关税有利于我国经济增长,其中经济增长的动力来源于就业水平的提高;国内价格水平会下降,如CPI下降了0.11%;出口增长高于进口增长,贸易顺差有增加的趋势;促进了制造业的发展,其中纺织部门受益最大;羊毛部门受纺织业的拉动产出增长,而其它的农业和服务业部门影响轻微.     

A two-sector Kaleckian model of growth and distribution with endogenous productivity dynamics

This study extends a two-sector Kaleckian model of output growth and income distribution by incorporating endogenous labour productivity growth. The model is composed of investment goods and consumption goods production sectors. The impact of a change in wage and profit shares on capacity utilisation and output growth rates at the sectoral and aggregate levels are identified. The study reveals short-run cyclical capacity utilisation rates and productivity growth dynamics. Even if the short-run steady state is stable, the capital accumulation rate in the consumption goods sector must decrease more than that in the investment sector for long-run stability. When simultaneous rises in profit shares in both the sectors affect long-run aggregate economic growth differently at a steady state, the distributional interests between the same class in different sectors may hamper the long-run economic growth. A policy message is that the effect of income distribution on industrial output growth is not always beneficial. These phenomena are specific to two-sector models and cannot be observed when using conventional aggregate growth models.     

Decomposition of Productivity Considering Multi‐environmental Pollutants in Chinese Industrial Sector

The objective of this study is to calculate and decompose productivity incorporating multi‐environmental pollutants in Chinese industrial sectors from 1992 to 2008. We apply a weighted Russell directional distance model to calculate productivity from both the economic and environmental performance. The main findings are: (1) Chinese industrial sectors increased productivity, with the main contributing factors being labor saving prior to 2000; (2) The main contributing factors for productivity growth in coastal areas include both economic and environmental performance improvement. While central and western regions improved productivity owing to economic development, they have a trade‐off relationship between economic and environmental performance.     

中国宏观经济多部门网络及其性质的实证研究

在复杂网络范式下,以部门为节点、部门之间的投入产出直接消耗系数为连接边,建立了中国宏观经济多部门网络,在此基础上,实证研究了宏观经济多部门网络的拓扑性质。结果表明,宏观经济多部门网络是小世界网络和无标度网络,部门度和权及多部门之间的连接边权近似服从幂律分布,部门度与簇系数、部门度与邻接部门的度之间负相关,部门度与权之间正相关;最后,给出宏观经济调控的策略性建议。     

Industrial Policy and Islamic Finance

Debates on industrial policy have typically focused on interventions in the ‘real’ sector to facilitate the transformation of a resources-based economy to one that is based on manufacturing. Although the financial sector has always figured strongly in these discussions, its development, or rather repression, is almost always considered in the context of serving the ‘real’ sector. In contrast, this paper contributes to the emerging literature on government policies to develop financial sectors into independent and internationally competitive sources of economic growth on their own right through an analysis of the development of Islamic finance in Malaysia. The paper argues that the emergence of Islamic finance in Malaysia, and the country's evolution into a key player of the sector in the global market, can be attributed to developmental efforts or industrial policies adopted by the government. The case of Islamic finance in Malaysia suggests the continuing relevance of industrial policy for developmental purposes. More importantly, it demonstrates that developing countries can chart a path towards services-led growth, the next frontier in economic development.     

中国涉农综合体GDP测算与结构分析

文章利用1990年以来的投入产出表及其延长表中的各个部门之间相互联系,将涉农综合体分解为农业生产投入、农业生产、农产品加工制造以及农产品最终配送四个环节,并给出了估算涉农综合体以及各个环节GDP的方法。基于该方法,对我国1990-2005年中部分年份的涉农综合体GDP进行了估算,分析了GDP份额和涉农生产结构。并通过与荷兰涉农综合体GDP的对比,发现我国当前农业产业化发展程度比较低,还存在很大的发展空间。     

Analyzing the effect of advanced agriculture development policy

This paper broadens the scope of current theoretical studies, divides rural agriculture into two sectors—advanced and traditional, and takes into consideration the land factor and the urban informal sector. Under the assumption that wages in the advanced agricultural sector are higher than in the traditional agricultural sector, this paper analyzes the effect of policies to promote advanced agricultural development with the comparative static method. The main conclusions of this paper are: wage subsidization of the advanced agricultural sector, in addition to having the same economic impact as interest subsidies on the advanced agricultural sector, could also increase the land employment in the advanced agricultural sector and reduce that in the traditional agricultural sector. Therefore, the effect of wage subsidizing policies is stronger than that of interest subsidies, while land rent subsidies for the advanced agricultural sector have the same economic effect as wage subsidies.     

Trade Openness,Structural Change and Total Factor Productivity

The impact of trade openness on growth of total factor productivity (TFP) is investigated. Given the differences in tradability of goods across sectors as well as the ongoing structural change, we examine whether trade openness has had a differential impact on TFP growth of the three main sectors of an economy. While the positive impact of openness on TFP growth for the aggregate economy is confirmed, openness has had no appreciable impact on the growth of TFP in the agricultural and industrial sectors. We find that the positive effect of openness on TFP growth for the economy as a whole was mostly due to the positive relationship between the two variables for the services sector. Further, we conclude that the lack of a general consensus in past studies could be due to their neglect of structural change and temporal factors when analyzing the trade-TFP nexus.     

The unbalanced growth hypothesis and the role of the state: The case of China's state-owned enterprises

Albert Hirschman's unbalanced growth hypothesis suggests that a developing economy can promote economic growth by initially investing in industries with high backward and forward linkages. In the case of Chinese economic policy today, one application would be the continued presence of the state in high-linkage sectors and the strategic withdrawal of the state from low-linkage sectors. The evidence shows that while the degree of linkage plays an important role in generating economic growth in China, province-specific withdrawal strategies for the state sector have no effect on economic growth.     

去工业化、经济增长与区域协调发展——基于土地资源错配的视角

针对我国近年来的“去工业化”现象，本文通过280座城市的面板数据，以及城市地形和省级审批建设用地占比构造的工具变量，从土地资源错配视角考察了去工业化对经济增长和区域协调发展的影响。实证结果发现，在当前经济发展阶段工业化对经济增长仍然具有显著的积极影响，过快、过早地去工业化不利于保持经济持续增长和实现区域协调发展，而土地资源在地区间和部门间的双重错配是导致我国出现过早去工业化的重要原因。进一步的分析表明，较高的城镇化水平以及发达的生产性服务业有助于增强工业化对经济增长的推动效应。本文为新时期保持制造业比重基本稳定，推动我国经济持续稳定增长，推进区域协调发展以及促进土地资源优化配置提供了经验证据。     

Data deepening and nonbalanced economic growth

As a newly emerging factor, data can promote economic growth by driving technological progress, and nonbalanced growth between digital industries and nondigital industries has been notable in recent years. This paper provides a novel growth model with two sectors that differ in the degree of data deepening and the factor structure of the production function. In the model, data in one sector is the by-product of economic activities not only in its sector, but also in the other sector. More importantly, data utilization within and across sectors can spur new ideas and promote technological innovation. The model indicates that increases in the stock of data in the two sectors have opposite effects on the allocation of skilled labor between the two sectors. The skill premium (the wage of skilled labor relative to the wage of unskilled labor) decreases with an increase in the fraction of skilled labor employed in the data-extensive sector. With credible parameter values, model calibration shows that faster growth of output occurs in the more data-intensive sector and the high skill premium persists in the long run.     

Recent rural growth in China: the performance of the rural small-scale enterprises, 1980–86

This article focuses on the evaluation of the process of growth in rural China since the 1978 rural economic reforms. By dividing the rural economy into two sectors: the agricultural sector and the RSE (rural small scale enterprises) sector, it analyses the relative contributions of labour, capital and other factors. Two major findings are that the RSE sector has its marginal labour productivity double that of the agricultural sector over 1980–86 and the high-income regions (mainly the coastal provinces open to world exports) exhibited a positive role of increasing returns to scale. This trend lends strong support to the market-based incentives offered by the openness in free trade which influenced the coastal provinces of the RSE sector.     

Competition,taxation and economic growth

The paper mainly examines the relationship between economic growth, tax policy and sectoral labor distribution in an endogenous growth model with expanding varieties. For analyzing these relationships, we consider an economy where three sectors of production are vertically integrated: final goods sector, intermediate goods sector and research sector. We show that the extent of imperfect competition in the intermediate products market affects both economic growth and the allocation of the available labor to all the sectors employing this input. The resources from capital taxation, which are used for financing research sector, have a U-shaped effect on growth and lead to a movement of the labor from research sector to final goods sector. Additionally, we show that if there exists a higher competitive structure in an economy, the probability of the positive effect of an increase in tax on growth gets higher.     

Product variety, competition and economic growth

In this paper, we study the relationship between competition and economic growth using a model of economic development through the creation of new sectors. In our model, competition has both an intra- and an inter-sector component. We find that the best conditions for economic development are achieved when a suitable ratio of inter- to intra-sector competition is achieved. This ratio constitutes a compromise between providing a temporary monopoly to the first entrepreneur (low inter-sector competition) and creating enough imitation to expand the sector (intra-sector competition).     

Kaldorian approach to Greek economic growth

In the last 30 years, Greece has experienced a rapid of economic growth which has transformed the economy and enable it to become a member of the EEC. Specifically Greece transformed itself from an agricultural economy with virtually no industrial base to an economy with a significant industrial sector and consequently a relatively high income per capita. One can explain this on the lines of a Kaldorian framework. In this paper we provide an outline of Kaldor's growth model and test its relevance to the economic experience of Greece during the 1967–1988 period. The empirical results suggest that the model can adequately explain the development in the economy to a considerable degree.     

我国通信部门对经济增长的外溢效应——基于面板数据和动态Feder模型

首先梳理了通信部门对经济增长的外溢性影响的特点,然后选取动态Feder模型,运用1995—2008年我国省级面板数据,对我国通信部门与经济增长之间的关系进行定量分析。结果表明:整体而言,我国通信部门对经济增长具有显著的促进作用,表现为通信部门自身促进经济增长的直接效应,以及通信部门通过技术、信息等多渠道产生的较强的外溢效应;从区域层面看,东、中部地区通信部门的外溢效应显著大于西部地区。     

非正规部门竞争与企业创新行为关系研究

非正规部门快速发展在缓解中国就业压力、满足低端需求和促进经济增长的同时,对中国制造业企业经营带来了很大影响。基于2012年世界银行营商环境调查数据,分析非正规部门灰色竞争对中国制造业企业创新活动的影响。研究发现：非正规部门灰色竞争显著增加企业研发投入倾向和研发投入强度;灰色竞争与企业产品创新活动有显著正相关关系,但未发现与企业流程创新活动有显著关系;制造业中高新技术企业创新活动受非正规部门灰色竞争的影响相对较弱。用工具变量控制内生性后,以上结论依然成立。为了应对非正规部门的灰色竞争,制造业企业应不断强化研发投入,通过模仿创新和微创新的方式加速产品更新升级,以区分于非正规部门的产品。