中国与“一带一路”沿线国家双边贸易的新比较优势——公共安全的视角

安定和平是经济发展与贸易繁荣的基石,然而日渐蔓延全球的恐怖主义活动对公共安全造成巨大威胁。本文使用1984—2014年全球双边贸易数据和全球恐怖袭击数据,运用引力模型分别考察了恐怖袭击对"一带一路"沿线国家出口和进口的影响。实证结果表明,恐怖袭击显著降低了"一带一路"沿线国家的出口和进口;相对其他国家而言,恐怖袭击对中国与"一带一路"沿线国家之间的贸易的负面影响较小,这一效果不仅与美国、日本和德国这样的贸易强国比较非常明显,而且也比墨西哥这样的发展中国家略微明显;这一效果在2003年伊拉克战争发生之前并不明显,但是在伊拉克战争之后更为明显。这一方面表明我国从事外经贸实务人员的勤劳勇敢、不惧死伤、勇于开拓进取的企业家精神,另一方面也表明我国"和平共处、互不干涉内政"的外交政策使得我们更少遭到恐怖袭击的侵害,这两个方面共同构成了我国与"一带一路"沿线国家双边贸易的新比较优势。但是,这种比较优势在中国与非洲国家和欧洲的OECD国家之间的贸易中不存在,在与拉丁美洲国家的贸易中,中国反而有比较劣势。本文的发现支持了我国的"一带一路"倡议。     

“一带一路”背景下我国农产品出口面临的绿色贸易壁垒研究

随着全球经济贸易的不断发展,绿色贸易壁垒体现出隐蔽性和针对性的特点。文章以"一带一路"倡议为背景,以我国对沿线国家的农产品出口为例,对目前我国农产品出口面临的困境以及进口国采取的绿色贸易壁垒的成因及特点进行分析,从国内法及国际法角度提出相应的法律对策,以建立起一个更加完备的绿色贸易壁垒防御机制。     

自由贸易区战略实施效果评估及展望

自由贸易区是中国深化国内改革、扩大高水平开放、深度参与国际规则制订的重要平台。"十三五"期间,中国的自由贸易区战略取得积极进展,与自贸伙伴的贸易与投资关系更加紧密,协定涵盖内容不断拓展,但与周边国家以及国际高标准的自贸协定相比仍有一定差距。中美博弈加剧、地缘战略竞争、逆全球化趋势、全球供应链重构等政治、经济因素对中国实施自由贸易区战略构成一定挑战。"十四五"时期,应加快推动自由贸易协定的谈判,优化全球布局,促进提质升级,激发合作动力,在提高风险防控的基础上,推动自由贸易区成为内外循环互促发展的新助力。     

经济危机下贸易保护主义形成的原因——一个“全球公共物品”的视角

在当今由美国引起的国际经济危机下,发生了新的贸易保护主义。该文在分析了各国在应对经济危机所采取的政策后,以多边贸易体制是一个"全球公共物品"为视角展开讨论。认为经济危机和贸易保护主义有着必然的联系。"基本凯恩斯主义理论框架讨论的是一个封闭的经济社会",所以各国在应对危机的经济政策具有封闭性、内在性的特征,应对政策的实质是以拯救本国经济为己任,这是贸易保护主义产生的内因;"搭便车"和"囚徒困境"是贸易保护主义的表征。但保护主义毕竟是短视行为,自由贸易依然是世界经济贸易的主流。     

“一带一路”倡议、区域价值链构建与中国产业升级

中国经济迈入高质量发展阶段,亟需将参与全球价值链竞争的模式从"汗水经济"转变为"智慧经济",以摆脱长期以来的"低端锁定"困境。综合已有研究成果,分析中国依托"一带一路"构建"以我为主"、包容性区域价值链的背景,并重点对区域价值链构建的策略、区域价值链与全球价值链联系及产业升级机制等问题进行分析。研究发现,作为一种"双向嵌套"、开放型价值链体系,区域价值链在加快中国产业高端攀升、带动更大范围协同发展和推动公平贸易规则制定等方面,都能够发挥积极作用。在此过程中,作为多元价值链链接者的中国,应积极培育全球竞争力与资源整合优势,发挥"承上启下"的关键作用,推动中国产业升级同时,带动更大范围国家或地区的发展,有序引导多重市场融合。     

中国企业“走出去”战略实施情况的实证分析

随着经济全球化、一体化的深入发展,世界各国正愈来愈深入地融入经济全球化的浪潮中,而我国也将其迅猛发展的开放型经济与全球经济更加紧密地融合在一起了,中国经济在积极"引进来"的同时,中国的一批优秀企业也在积极"走出去"。"走出去"战略成为关系到我国今后发展全局和前景的重大问题,也将对全球经济产生越来越重要的影响。但是,在我国企业积极走出去的同时,也存在不容忽视的问题。     

“一带一路”背景下我国对沿线国家直接投资的贸易效应研究

我国同"一带一路"沿线国家的合作越来越紧密,经贸合作也在不断加深。面对新的历史条件,我国应如何在更好地"走出去"的同时,使自身经济保持平稳健康的发展已经成为了必须解决的问题。在此种情况下,文章以对外直接投资产生的贸易效应为切入点,研究了二者之间的关系,并由此为"一带一路"发展实施提供具体的政策性建议。为了探究所选课题,文章选取了"一带一路"沿线14个主要国家2010年至2014年五年的面板数据进行了实证分析。结果表明,中国对"一带一路"沿线国家的直接投资与贸易之间的关系是互补的。由此可知,我国应当抓住"一带一路"的机遇,加大对沿线国家的投资力度,为我国贸易增长、经济转型升级提供新的驱动力。     

经济全球化背景下的农产品出口策略

经济全球化不仅促进了工业产品的世界贸易,而且促进了农副产品的世界贸易。随着经济全球化以及WTO的发展,许多国家特别是发展中国家的农副产品贸易额逐年上升。近年来,农副产品的出口创汇已成为我国外汇收入的重要来源。然而,在世界贸易特别是全球农副产品的贸易过程中,中国农副产品的出口却经常面临着如何跨越“绿色壁垒”的问题。因此,面对国际市场的激烈竞争,正视我国创汇农副产品出口的障碍,同时充分利用国际标准采取积极的应对措施,是我国积极发展创汇农产品出口的关键所在。一、积极发展我国创汇农产品出口的必要性及可能性我国是世…     

“丝绸之路经济带”背景下我国与中亚经济合作问题研究

"丝绸之路经济带"建设为我国开展与沿线国家的区域经济合作、推进亚欧经济一体化、实现包括中亚在内的沿线各国的经济繁荣创造了新契机。目前,我国与中亚国家的经济合作尚存在基础设施建设和"软环境"建设不完善、贸易投资结构不平衡且经贸依存度低、金融服务体系不健全、企业国际化经营水平有待提高等问题。未来应在基础设施、制度软环境、金融服务体系建设及提高企业经营能力等方面继续加强我国与中亚国家的经济合作发展。     

当前全球贸易保护的主要特点及应对之策

当前,全球贸易保护风潮来势凶猛,各种贸易保护措施接踵而至。目前这一轮全球贸易保护主义潮流有什么特点?对我国外贸出口、企业"走出去"和国际经济合作有什么影响?这些问题值得我们密切关注和     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.