社会网络、风险识别能力与农村移民可持续生计——基于代际差异视角

将农村移民的风险识别能力作为中介变量,构建了"社会网络—风险识别能力—农村移民可持续生计"的理论模型。利用针对三峡库区农村移民的调研数据,研究了农村移民的社会网络对其可持续生计水平的影响以及风险识别能力的中介效应。结果显示:社会网络规模、社会网络密度、风险识别能力与三峡库区农村移民的可持续生计水平显著正相关;社会网络规模、社会网络密度和风险识别能力对两代农村移民可持续生计水平的影响存在较大的代际差异;风险识别能力在社会网络与农村移民可持续生计水平的关系中发挥中介效应。     

社会网络和海外华人族裔集聚区的功能分化——以米兰唐人街为例

基于社会网络的中观层次的视角,通过对米兰唐人街这一华人族裔集中区域的案例解剖,分析了海外华人族裔集聚区功能分化的过程。研究表明,早期的族裔集聚区借助社会网络构建的"移民契约"和"互相救助体系",完成对移民的生活服务和对创业活动的经济支持,既是移民的生活空间,也是他们的生产空间;而随着移民融入性和经济成就的变化,社会网络的资源动员和创业发现能力明显下降,由此传统族裔集聚区的经济支持功能逐渐被分离出来。     

民族聚集区经济与跨国移民社会适应的差异性——南非的中国新移民研究

全球化时代跨国移民流动呈现出多样化趋势,既涌现了从不发达国家向发达国家的移民浪潮,也出现了不同发展中国家之间的迁移潮流.不同流向下跨国移民的社会适应,不能简单地用“同化论”、“多元文化论”等指涉从不发达国家向发达国家的移民群体的社会适应理论加以解释.中国移居南非之新移民在南非社会中建构起了具有“桥与墙”双重功能的民族聚集区经济:一方面促使中国新移民出于工具性目的去主动了解移居国的相关状况,同时也强化了中国新移民自身的族群认同,使得他们普遍缺乏主动融入当地社会的明确动机.因此,在民族聚集区经济的影响下,南非的中国新移民的社会适应呈现出“非零和型适应”和“多元适应”的二元化倾向.这种社会适应上的差异性体现在居留心态、社会空间及跨文化交际能力三个方面.     

国外创业学习研究综述——基于认知、经验、网络和能力视角研究的比较与融合

梳理和比较了近10年来国外基于认知、经验、社会网络和能力4个视角的创业者创业学习研究的相关成果。研究发现:创业学习研究正从单一视角研究走向多视角融合研究,强调参与社会互动的重要性。     

论水库移民工作中地方政府的参与模式

地方政府在水库移民工作中起着重要的作用。通过分析中国、美国、日本、老挝以及世行和亚行的移民政策,根据政府参与水库移民工作模式的不同,可以将其分为地方政府主导式、地方政府监督式和移民主导式参与三种模式。不同的政府参与模式,与各国的经济社会发展水平、公民社会发育状况以及土地产权制度都具有密切的联系。在中国的水库移民工作中,应当逐渐重视移民参与,以保证安置规划的科学性和合理性。     

国外创业学习研究综述———基于认知、经验、网络和能力视角研究的比较与融合简

梳理和比较了近10年来国外基于认知、经验、社会网络和能力4个视角的创业者创业学习研究的相关成果.研究发现：创业学习研究正从单一视角研究走向多视角融合研究,强调参与社会互动的重要性.     

网络用户移动签到服务持续使用意愿研究

网络用户对移动签到服务的接受程度如何以及持续使用意愿是否强烈,对我国位置服务的发展至关重要.本研究在用户价值理论的基础上,融合技术接受模型构建了研究模型,探讨了用户价值、感知易用性与服务体验等因素对网络用户移动签到服务持续使用意愿的影响.实证研究表明,功能价值、情感价值、感知易用性及服务体验都对用户移动签到的持续使用意愿有显著的正向影响,并且功能价值与社会价值还会显著影响情感价值,进而对持续使用意愿产生间接影响.为此,应从扩大用户群体、深度融合社交网络、丰富签到应用、强化客户工作与提升用户体验等途径人手推广移动签到服务发展.     

香江百年移民潮

香港作为移民社会,绝大部分香港居民都是移民或移民后裔,不但有许多中国居民从内地移居香港,有不少香港居民称居海外,而且也有一些已移居海外的香港人回流香港,持续百年的移民潮是香港社会生活的特色之一.在1991年的户口统计中,中国籍(包括香港的英国属土居民)战友96.99%,外国籍人口达24.5万人,战4.5%.其中英联邦国家籍居民战友12.1%,在英联邦国家籍居民中,英国籍居民16000人,印度居民15300入.非英联邦国家籍居民战友1.80%,其中菲律宾籍居民36800人;美国籍居民14000人.此外,1991年在香港还有越南船民52036人     

现代保险服务业参与西藏社会治理的相关探讨

当前经济新常态下,社会公认保险是社会治理能力的重要标志,保险拓宽了公共能力空间,“现代保险服务业”有了功能作用的新定位.近年来,西藏地区保险服务业有效参与社会治理,服务西藏地区稳定发展,成效显著.本文对新形势下现代保险服务业进一步参与西藏社会治理有关问题进行了探讨.     

流动的社会资本——传统宗族文化是否影响移民就业?

人口城市化和城乡融合是新型城镇化的核心内容,也是未来经济增长的重要动力。本文研究宗族文化对移民城镇就业的影响,考察传统社会资本在现代城市社会中的作用及其影响机制。基于2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,以大姓占比作为宗族文化的代理变量,本文实证研究了作为社会资本的宗族文化与移民就业选择之间的关系。研究发现,宗族文化对移民就业有重要影响,它显著提高了移民进入低端服务业的概率,但没有提高移民进入高端服务业的概率,说明以宗族文化为代表的传统社会资本在低端服务业中依然可以发挥作用,对高端服务业发展则影响有限,这些结论在控制了城市间物理、行政距离和迁出地经济社会信息后依然成立。结合2010年中国综合社会调查和2012年北京大学中国家庭和个人跟踪调查数据对其作用机制的进一步研究发现,宗族文化并非简单地通过同姓之间的社会网络和社会关系影响移民就业,信任才是关键渠道。本文的政策含义在于,以现代服务业为基础的城乡融合不能仅依托于传统社会资本,构建现代契约社会下的信任文化是新型城镇化顺利推进的重要保障。     

Growth of Hong Kong Before and After its Reversion to China: The China Factor

The paper focuses on the Hong Kong economy and attempts to measure the contribution of Hong Kong's integration with mainland China to its GDP growth rate. Two linkages have received particular attention, namely, Hong Kong's foreign direct investment (FDI) in China and immigrants from China. While the former is assumed to stimulate capital investment in Hong Kong but at the same time to reduce human capital formation (owing to a shrinkage of its domestic manufacturing sector), the latter is assumed to further reduce Hong Kong's average human capital because immigrants tend to be less educated. By making some assumptions about the future trajectories of Hong Kong direct investment in China and Chinese immigrants into Hong Kong after its reversion to China, the paper offers some predictions about Hong Kong's future economic growth.     

Assimilation of Hong Kong Immigrants in Canada

A flood of emigration from Hong Kong to Canada was observed prior to the handover from Britain back to China in 1997. I pool Canadian Census data from 1991 to 2006 to study the labour market assimilation of Hong Kong immigrants. The findings suggest that these immigrants faced a significant negative wage gap upon entry in comparison with Canadian‐born individuals, and this was larger for cohorts arriving closer to 1997, suggesting a decline in cohort quality. The results also indicate that earnings convergence with the Canadian‐born was slow for the majority of these immigrants.     

A Multitask Theory of State Enterprise Reform

During transition, maintaining employment and providing a social safety net to the unemployed are important to social stability, which in turn is crucial for the productivity of the whole economy. Because independent institutions for social safety are lacking and firms with strong profit incentives have little incentive to promote social stability due to its public good nature, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are needed to continue their role in providing social welfare. Charged with the multitasks of efficient production as well as social welfare provision, SOEs continue to be given low profit incentives, and consequently their financial performance continues to be poor.J. Comp. Econom., December 2000, 28(4), pp. 716–738. The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, and WDI; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, CEPR, and WDI; The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, CEPR, and WDI.     

香港工业化与工业地理

香港工业是"转移型"工业．因为特殊的历史和市场条件而在战后迅速发展。它的工业主体是出口导向的劳动密集型轻工业。香港自由贸易政策以及优良的港口及服务设施．使这类工业在国际市场上有重要的时效性及低成本的竞争力。1980年初以来,内地开放,使这个工业体系在空间上扩大,与珠江三角洲一起构成"前店后厂"的地域分工。香港工业在稠密的市区亦形成城市工业地理中的新形态、出现密集的、多层式的各类工业企业在狭小空间上混集,以及工、住用途在同一幢建筑内混集。目前香港工业已到必要的转型阶段。政府需要改变其"自由贸易"政策而采用新的、有力的导向型的政策以营造新工业。同时,香港和珠江三角洲在政策上的合作亦极为必要。     

Relative Returns to Skills and Assimilation of Immigrants in Hong Kong

A simple formal model is presented to analyse intercensal changes in the relative earnings of immigrants. A number of factors are analysed, including a change in the relative observed quality of immigrants, a change in the relative prices of observed skills, and assimilation. The model is applied to 1981 and 1991 Hong Kong census data and shows that although there is economic assimilation in the narrow sense at an estimated rate of approximately 1.55 percent p.a., earnings of immigrants diverge from earnings of natives because their relative returns to schooling declined.     

Identity and social exclusion: an experiment with Hispanic immigrants in the U.S.

In this study we conduct a lab-in-the-field experiment with low-income Hispanics in three neighborhoods in a large city in the U.S. to investigate how identity and social exclusion influences individual contributions to fund local public goods. We find that while the strength of identity has a significant and positive impact on individual contributions to local public goods, the perception of social exclusion significantly decreases contributions. Our findings thus suggest factors that may impede full civic participation, and shed important light on potential policies to increase integration of immigrants and ethnic minorities into mainstream society.     

基于社会资本的科技创新策略——以粤港澳为例

2009年颁布的《珠三角发展纲要》把推进粤港澳区域深度经济整合上升为国家战略.其中提高区域科技创新能力成为推动粤港澳经济合作战略重点转移的核心举措之一.本文以近几年颇为学术界认同的解释区域创新能力的重要变量“社会资本”为研究工具,在对粤港澳区域科技创新现状与问题分析的基础上,给出相应的对策建议.研究认为,培育区域创新网络为核心的区域社会资本是促进粤港澳科技创新发展的首要任务.理论建议是,将区域创新机构离散化;多节点发展区域创新网络:加强区域间企业的纵横关联.实践对策是:促进三地高校等研发机构的科技合作;完善粤港澳科技园与研发机构的合作机制;建立利于创新网络的信任型区域文化;建立推动粤港澳科技创新的组织保障.     

The cohort effect of political change on language speaking: Evidence from Hong Kong

It has been proven that language is a symbol of culture and politics. This study investigates the cohort effect of Hong Kong's handover on the language spoken in adulthood based on the 2006 and 2011 Hong Kong population censuses. We find that Mandarin is more likely to be used by Hong Kong natives who were exposed to the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997 during their school-age years, especially the generation that were exposed during their primary-school years. This cohort insisted on speaking Mandarin, even when the political environment changed from 2006 to 2011. Our evidence reveals that the political change that occurs during one's school-age years has a long-term impact on an individual's behaviour in adulthood. Further discussion indicates that exposure to political change such as regime transfer during school-age years impacts an individual's national identity.     

The impact of social identity on trust in China: experimental evidence from cross-group comparisons

Social identity tends to bias decision making in favour of in-group members with whom one shares a common social membership. This article investigates the trust behaviour of mainland Chinese when interacting with nonmainlanders in a two-party decision-making situation. Our experimental results reveal that, relative to their Hong Kong brethren who tend to be insensitive to their potential partner’s background of origin, the decisions of mainland Chinese are significantly impacted by sharing a common background. This suggests mistrust may limit the effectiveness of China’s policy of promoting international cooperation.     

新型农村合作医疗的福利效应分析:微观数据的证据

利用2000年和2006年的中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据和倍差方法, 以参合农民为作用组, 非参合农民为对照组, 对新型农村合作医疗政策的福利效应作了实证分析。新型农村合作医疗政策增加了医疗服务利用;但新型农村合作医疗政策对净医疗费用(扣除合作医疗补偿后的费用)没有影响。