“一带一路”倡议对中国沿线城市基础设施建设的影响研究

基础设施建设是维持和振兴经济发展的重要手段,也是经济复苏的重要推动力。在阐述“一带一路”倡议对中国沿线城市基础设施建设的理论机制和异质性基础上,构建基础设施建设水平的指标体系。以中国278个城市2010—2020年的面板数据为基础,采用双重差分法,实证检验了“一带一路”倡议对中国沿线城市基础设施建设的影响、作用机制和异质性。研究发现：①“一带一路”倡议促进了中国沿线城市的基础设施建设,且该结论通过了平行趋势检验、安慰剂检验等稳健性检验;② “一带一路”倡议通过科学技术创新效应和产业结构升级效应对沿线城市基础设施建设产生积极影响;③“一带一路”倡议对基础设施建设的促进作用在“一带”和“一路”沿线城市之间存在明显差异,“一带”沿线城市的政策效果显著强于“一路”沿线城市;④进一步研究发现,科学技术创新效应主要表现在“一带”沿线城市,产业结构升级效应主要表现在“一路”沿线城市。“一带一路”沿线城市的基础设施建设具有“虹吸效应”,产生空间负向溢出作用。研究结论为探索经济复苏增长点提供了新的视角,丰富了基础设施建设影响因素的研究,也为政府充分发挥“一带一路”倡议的作用以及制定基础设施建设策略提供了理论和实证依据,为政府推动开放型经济高质量发展提供了政策启示。     

“一带一路”倡议下熊猫债发展的现状及问题分析

近年来,随着”一带一路”建设的推进,防范和化解市场开放带来的风险也得到较大的关注,加大债券市场融资,满足“一带一路”建设融资需求成为学者们探讨的重点.本文就当前“一带一路”倡议下熊猫债市场发展现状、面临的问题进行了深入地分析.研究发现,发展熊猫债券市场可以倒逼我国债券市场改革、有效推动人民币国际化战略、促进跨境资金的安全使用,从而更加有效地服务于“一带一路”建设.因此,要进一步规范熊猫债的发行,完善熊猫债监管体系以及信用评价体系,为“一带一路”倡议实施提供新路径.     

“一带一路”倡议有助于沿线城市绿色创新“增量提质”吗？

“一带一路”倡议作为构建人类命运共同体重要平台,推动绿色发展是其题中之义。绿色发展的关键在于绿色创新,本文采用双重差分法（DID）,以我国280个地级市2005—2019年的面板数据为研究样本,从“数量”和“质量”两个维度实证检验“一带一路”倡议实施对我国沿线城市绿色创新的影响、作用机制及时空差异。研究发现：(1)“一带一路”倡议有效促进了中国沿线城市绿色创新的“增量提质”;(2)“一带一路”倡议可以通过产业结构升级效应、数字经济赋能效应和资源集聚效应促进中国沿线城市绿色创新的“增量提质”;(3)相较于东部和西部城市,“一带一路”倡议对中部城市的绿色创新具有更显著的促进作用;(4)“一带一路”倡议对非资源型城市和特大城市绿色创新“增量提质”作用更加显著。研究结论对于推动共建“一带一路”向高质量发展转变提供了重要的启示。     

新时期高水平对外开放与“一带一路”建设

改革开放以来,中国不断推动对外开放发展,初步形成了全方位对外开放格局。2013年习近平主席提出的共建“一带一路”倡议,是我国打造全方位对外开放新格局的旗帜,以及实现第二个百年目标的重要支撑。党的二十大报告提出以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴,为新时期高水平对外开放和“一带一路”高质量发展提供了新的指引。在此背景下,文章首先回顾中国对外开放与“一带一路”建设进展,其次阐释新时期高水平对外开放与“一带一路”建设的新要求和新使命,而后提出推进“一带一路”高质量发展应从深化“五通”合作、拓展合作新领域、优化区域开放布局、强化企业风险防范等方面加强工作。此外,地理学者应该系统研究中国式现代化理论和现代化道路,开展国际发展、国别地理、世界地理、“一带一路”建设案例、地缘政治经济环境等相关研究。     

“一带一路”沿线国家会计模式的协调性研究

随着“一带一路”经济战略的提出,跨国公司区域经济合作发展迅速,这要求会计这种“商业语言”也要走向国际化,在全球范围内“通用”.会计实现全球协调,在国际贸易、国际投融资和许可经营中可以减少国际交往中“会计语言”不通的障碍.我们探讨中国和一带一路沿线国家的会计模式的国际协调性,对促进“一带一路”沿线国家后续的会计协调具有重要的意义.     

“一带一路”倡议与中国企业对外投资绩效——基于来源国合法性溢出视角

从来源国合法性溢出视角,探讨“一带一路”倡议对中国企业对外投资绩效的影响,并基于中国上市公司对外投资数据,采用渐进双重差分模型进行实证检验。研究发现：“一带一路”倡议对中国企业投资绩效有显著正向影响,在利用倾向得分匹配、工具变量等方法缓解可能存在的内生性问题之后,上述结论依然稳健;与非基础设施行业相比,“一带一路”倡议对基础设施行业企业投资绩效的正向影响更加明显;与非国有企业相比,“一带一路”倡议对国有企业投资绩效的正向影响更加明显;在作用机制上,“一带一路”倡议通过改善来源国合法性进而正向影响中国企业投资绩效。研究结论对企业“一带一路”投资实现互利共赢有重要启示。     

国际城市结谊与“一带一路”共建共赢——基于国际竞争力指数的经验证据

以高水平对外开放开创合作共赢新局面是党的十九届五中全会的重要议题。文章以2008-2017年“一带一路”沿线国家为研究样本,考察不同国家与中国的友好城市交流程度如何影响该国在“一带一路”倡议提出后的国际竞争力发展,深入挖掘“一带一路”倡议推动沿线国家共建共赢的影响机制,并尝试对加速“十四五”时期对外开放政策的落地生根进行有益思考。研究发现,在倡议提出后,历史上与中国友好城市交流程度较高的沿线国家的国际竞争力明显提高,并且这一影响主要得益于这些国家在基础设施、行政机构、金融市场发展、劳动力市场效率以及商品市场效率等方面的全面提升。进一步的研究显示,对于“一带一路”沿线的内陆国、低收入国、外汇紧缺国以及高人口红利国来说,通过城市结谊有益于其更好地共享“一带一路”倡议的发展成果。文章不仅揭示了国际城市结谊在落实国家高水平对外开放顶层设计中的重要作用,而且也为推进“十四五”规划的落实提供了政策参考。     

基于“一带一路”理念的区域经济合作研究北大核心SSCI

2013年秋,习近平主席在出访哈萨克斯坦和印度尼西亚时提出共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路,即“一带一路”倡议。四年来,中国和国际社会一道,积极推动“一带一路”建设,“一带一路”倡议逐渐从理念转化为行动,未来“一带一路”建设的广度和深度将进一步拓宽。“一带一路”建设涉及政治、经济、外交、安全、文化等众多领域,但经济领域,即区域经济合作无疑是其中的一项主要内容。     

服务“走出去”企业“中文+职业技能”资源建设与应用——以哈尔滨职业技术学院为例

“中文+职业技能”是职业教育国际化的重要内容,服务“走出去”企业是职业院校的担当和使命。随着“一带一路”倡议的实施,“一带一路”沿线国家重大项目建设的步伐逐步加快,“走出去”企业急需大量既懂先进技术和设备标准、又懂中国语言和管理文化的技术技能型一线工人。高职院校要开发适应本土化需求的“中文+职业技能”教育资源,搭建国际化中文育人平台,提升国际服务能力,更好地服务“走出去”企业,推进国际化发展水平。     

“一带一路”倡议、“五通”质量与沿线国家贸易包容性增长——基于动态面板数据的GMM检验

本文基于2003—2017年间包括中国在内的63个“一带一路”沿线国家间贸易数据，对“一带一路”沿线国家出口额、进口额、进出口总额的包容性增长状况进行了描述性分析，并从“五通”视角构建动态面板GMM模型对贸易包容性增长的影响因素进行了检验。研究发现：“一带一路”沿线国家间贸易差距逐渐缩小，其增长具有包容性；“一带一路”沿线国家出口额、进口额和进出口总额均存在绝对收敛、条件收敛和俱乐部收敛效应，呈现包容性增长态势；“五通”质量对贸易包容性增长存在重要影响，倡议发展成果惠及沿线各国，强力推动了各国贸易的包容性增长。研究成果为“一带一路”倡议的普惠性提供了经验支持，也为中国优化与“一带一路”沿线各国贸易关系、提升贸易效率提供了决策依据。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。