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中国煤电谈判势力的来源与比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
我国煤电冲突的主要原因在于煤炭企业和电力企业双方在电煤市场上的谈判势力不相上下.除了各自产品的基础性重要地位之外,双方谈判势力的来源有经济依赖性、市场结构和政府规制三个方面.电力企业相对于煤炭企业在电煤的交易谈判中具有较强的谈判势力,因此综合考虑效率和社会公平两方面因素,政府对我国煤电关系的协调应基于削弱发电方谈判势力,促成双方达成自愿协议的原则. 相似文献
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全社会电力需求量的迅猛上涨对电煤供应提出了严峻的挑战,而煤炭价格持续上涨使电厂的生产经营面临严重困难。从长期看,通过煤电联动建立市场电价形成机制、推进电力体制改革是解决当前煤电矛盾的根本出路,同时,国家应该鼓励煤电一体化经营。具体措施可以包括:启动煤电联动;鼓励煤电双方签订中长期煤炭买卖合同,实现煤炭直接供应;鼓励煤电企业联合建立坑口电厂,减少煤炭运输成本;鼓励大型发电集团介入地方煤炭资源;励煤炭企业利用资源优势主动投资电力行业;在铁路行业的改革中,支持煤炭电力企业投资和参股等。 相似文献
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会计信息管制的合约分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
传统理论构架下的会计信息管制主要强调行政性工具和过程,在一定程度上忽视了管制的合约特征.本文采用合约理论的分析范式,讨论了会计信息管制的合约性质,分析了管制机构和上市公司之间的合约机制,并对现有管制实践进行了评论. 相似文献
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我国煤电产业结构之间的长期不对称以及关系的紧张在一定程度上影响了整个国民经济的协调发展和能源安全。本文深入剖析了我国煤电产业联合的必要性及其变化趋势,并结合煤电产业组织结构,分析了各种可能的模式与效果并给出了形成煤电一体化的意义。 相似文献
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本文通过对澳大利亚电力市场化改革方向的梳理,揭示了电力期货市场的形成和发展过程.其主要路径是:(1)从电力垄断到电力市场化改革,建立电力现货市场;(2)在电力现货市场运行中暴露出电价剧烈波动的问题,引入电力远期合约;(3)电力远期合约出现市场参与不足和流动性差的问题,电力期货市场应运而生.事实证明,澳大利亚电力现货和期货市场并存,但期货市场在提高市场参与度、流动性、安全性以及稳定和发现电价方面的作用更大.本研究通过展示澳大利亚电力期货市场建立过程中的风险和问题,为中国电力市场化改革提供参考. 相似文献
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中国民航业放松进入管制的经济学思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国民航业具有极强的市场进入壁垒,长期以来的严格进入管制成为制约中国民航业进一步发展的瓶颈。放松进入管制有利于消除民航业的价格刚性、增加社会总福利;有利于提高民航业的整体效益;有利于中国民航业的深化改革。从战略路径选择来看,放松进入管制要与放松价格管制相结合,要与消除市场势力相结合,要与发展航空公司战略联盟相结合。 相似文献
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我国煤炭供需矛盾的影响因素分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
2002年我国放松对煤炭价格的管制后,煤炭价格开始真正进入市场,我国的煤炭市场体系也开始发育。然而,近几年来煤炭供需矛盾日益突出,反映出我国煤炭市场发育中的很多问题。我国的煤炭市场体系还很不健全。文章对影响我国煤炭市场发育的主要因素进行了分析,对我国煤炭市场化改革的方向进行了探索,并有针对性的提出了推动我国煤炭市场进一步完善的一些思路。 相似文献
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《中南财经政法大学学报》2016,(3)
本文分析了合约实施制度对产业出口、经济增长及影响经济增长的相关要素的影响,研究发现:合约实施制度对出口有显著正影响,且该影响存在产业差异性,合约实施制度对合约密集型产业出口的影响更大;从选定的四个产业来看,合约实施制度对通信设备制造业出口的影响最大,对农副食品加工业出口的影响最小;合约实施制度对经济增长及影响经济增长的相关要素也具有积极影响。因此,中国要提高经济增长质量,改善出口商品结构,实现产业转型升级,合约实施制度建设是该过程中制度建设的重要内容。 相似文献
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In the U.S., virtually no new coal-fired power plants have been built in recent years. Both industry experts and academics seem to believe that no rational firm will build a new coal-fired plant. Will such a trend continue in the future? To provide insights into this question, we investigate the optimal decision of an electricity company with an irreversible and deferrable opportunity to build either a new coal-fired or natural gas-fired power plant as its new base-load resource. According to our real option analysis, the optimal decision depends on the location. In the case of the eastern U.S., it is optimal to choose a natural gas plant if a firm is given a choice among a new natural gas plant, a new coal plant and deferring the investment. However, contrary to the common sentiment in the industry and academia, building a new coal plant in the western U.S. is still more economical than building a new natural gas plant in the absence of emission pricing. Furthermore, introducing carbon pricing to western U.S. states, as California did, can substantially increase the probability that a firm will optimally choose a natural gas plant over a coal plant. 相似文献
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在国际贸易中,贸易双方所在地的契约环境和贸易产品的契约特征是影响贸易关系的重要因素。文章基于异质性贸易理论框架,分别从产品行业特征的内因角度和地区契约环境的外因角度研究了契约因素如何通过影响风险来作用于贸易持续期,并使用 H S8分位数层面的中国海关统计数据库、世界银行营商环境调查数据库和中国工业企业数据库的匹配数据,从“企业-产品-目的地”视角进行了 COX 比例风险分析。研究表明:(1)地理契约特征对贸易持续期存在着显著影响,贸易双方所在地的契约环境优势对贸易持续期有着显著的促进作用;(2)地理契约特征对贸易持续期的影响因贸易产品的异质性契约特征而存在差异,良好的地区契约环境能够在更大的边际效应上降低违约风险,并能够在高契约依赖度的产品贸易中得到更好地发挥;(3)虽然我国的贸易关系数量在增加,但退出率却在逐年上升。文章从贸易持续期的角度来研究贸易平稳性,这对于我国今后如何提升对外贸易质量有着重要意义。 相似文献
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Bernard Gauthier 《Applied economics》2013,45(23):2755-2765
This article develops a simple framework to analyse the negotiation over bribe and tax payments during the tax collection process. We show that the larger the bribe a firm offers to a tax collector, the larger the tax rebate it gets. More particularly, we show that the negotiation over bribe and tax payments hinges on four other factors: firms’ official liabilities, detection, firms’ negotiation power and red tape costs imposed on firms. Some of the predictions from the theoretical model are tested using firm-level data from Uganda. We find that bribe and tax payments are inversely related, thereby supporting the hypothesis of a negotiation taking place between firms and tax collectors. In particular, a 1% point increase in average bribe payments per employee is associated with a 7% point reduction in average amount of tax payments per employee. Results are robust to various instruments dealing with the endogenous relationship between bribes and taxes. 相似文献
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电力行业管制改革与市场风险防范 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了提高电力行业的生产效率,许多国家对电力行业进行管制改革和重组,以引入市场和竞争机制,然而由于电力生产的特殊性,电力市场化改革蕴藏着巨大的风险。本文以2000-2001年加州电力危机为例,对电力管制改革所引发的市场风险进行分析,并就我国的电力改革提出了风险防范建议。 相似文献
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关系型契约特殊类别:超市场契约 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
从契约理论的角度看,企业网络或企业与市场间中间状态,可以由“超市场契约”来描述,它是关系型契约的一个特殊类别,是拥有关键性资源的企业以管理输出和行使指挥权方式与其他相关企业的交易。私人可履约资本、合作的潜在丰厚收益和违约的机会成本,以及威廉姆森式的安全保证条款是促使企业间超市场契约可自我实施的条件。 相似文献
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Several regulatory authorities worldwide have imposed forward contract commitments on electricity producers as a way to mitigate their market power. In this paper we analyze the impact of such commitments on equilibrium outcomes in a model that reflects important institutional and structural features of electricity markets. We show that, when firms are asymmetric, the distribution of contracts among firms matters. In the case of a single dominant firm, the regulator can be confident that allocating contracts to that firm will be pro-competitive. However, when asymmetries are less extreme, certain contract allocations might yield anti-competitive outcomes by eliminating more competitive equilibria. Our analysis thus suggests that forward contracts should be allocated so as to (virtually) reduce asymmetries across firms. 相似文献
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Long-run relationships among coal inventories at U.S. electric power plants, corporate bond rates and coal, natural gas, and electricity prices are estimated over the period July 1976 to October 2014. Tests for constancy of the long-run relationships show periods of instability which coincide with major regulatory events in the electric power sector. Deregulation of the natural gas and electricity markets are likely sources of instability for the period mid-1994 to mid-2001. Additionally, inventory behavior may have had a smoothing effect over instability caused by natural gas prices during the recent U.S. shale boom. Policy makers should be aware that altering the regulatory environment can result in considerable fluctuations in how firms’ inventory decisions interact with input and output markets and opportunity costs in the long run. 相似文献