浅析欧盟REACH政策对中国化工业的影响

REACH法规是欧盟《关于化学品注册、评估、许可和限制制度》(Regulation concerning the Registration,Evaluation,Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals)法规的英文缩写,已于2006年12月13日在欧盟议会上投票通过.     

REACH制度的“注册难题”

已于去年6月1日生效的欧盟REACH制度,其全称为<关于化学品注册、评估、授权与限制制度>,这个制度在正式生效的第一天起,便取代了40余种当时有关化学品的指令和法规,把大约3万多种化学品囊括在了它的监管体系之下.     

浅谈欧盟REACH法规对我国化工产业的影响

欧盟REACH法规已于2007年6月1日正式生效,这使中国面临入世以来最大的贸易壁垒,据保守估计我国企业每年将要为REACH法规所要负担的成本达5亿～10亿美元,涉及欧盟市场上约3万种化工产品、影响中欧之间90%以上的贸易额,进出口总额将下降10%,中国化工生产总值将下降0.4%,将有可能导致20万化工及相关从业人员失业.因此,分析欧盟REACH法规对我国化工产业的影响,从容应对才是我国化工企业的上策.     

欧盟REACH法规：将化学品风险的安全管理责任放在产业界

REACH法规背景欧盟化学工业是欧盟最具国际性、竞争性和成就性的产业之一，囊括了范围广泛的加工和制造活动。化学工业是欧洲第三大制造业，为欧洲创造了近500万个就业岗位，企业中96％为中小企业。化学品和含有有害化学物质产品的生产、使用和处置一直与对环境和健康的影响有着广泛的联系。但是，在欧盟目前的化学品管理体制下，对化学品的环境和人类健康的影响进行全面定量评估是不可能的。1998年，欧洲议会和欧盟理事会针对市场上绝大多数化学品的特性及其潜在风险均处于未知状态的问题，为了对消费者的安全健康和环境实行高水平保护，责成欧共体委员会制定有关文件。2001年2月，欧盟委员会制定并发布了《关于未来化学品策略战略白皮书》，2002年5月完成了对《白皮书》中提出的化学品新政策对商业影响的评估。2003年5月7日提出了《化学品注册、评估、许可和限制制度》（简称REACH法规）征求意见稿。2003年5月22日欧盟将此信息通告WTO／TBT委员会，同时在网上广泛征求意见。2003年10月29日正式通过提案稿，提交欧洲议会和欧盟理事会审批。2004年1月21日，欧盟通过WTO／TBT委员会正式通报了提案，给予WTO各成员90天评议期，后延长至150天。包括我国在内的WTO成员提出了评议意见。     

中石油何以到杭州寻求合作——访杭州瑞欧科技有限公司总经理魏文锋

浙江作为我国的出口大省，也是受REACH法规影响较大的省份之一。如何让出口企业顺利地突破REACH壁垒？本刊记者最近走访了专为企业提供化学品全球市场准入服务的杭州瑞欧科技有限公司。谈到应对REACH壁垒，公司总经理魏文锋介绍：简单地说就是上游产品要做好注册，下游产品要做好检测。     

欧盟新贸易壁垒REACH法规对我国企业的影响与对策

简述了欧盟REACH法规的主要内容与新的特点,分析了欧盟REACH法规对我国企业带来的影响.提出了我国企业应对欧盟REACH法规的主要对策.     

欧盟新规制对我国化学品贸易的影响及对策

欧盟《关于化学品注册、评估、许可和限制制度》这一最新的环保法规已开始在欧盟全面实施,它将对我国出口欧盟的化学品及其下游产品产生巨大影响,是"入世"以来我国面临的最大的技术性贸易壁垒。当前迫切需要全面了解该法规的主要内容,分析其对我国化学品出口的影响,并采取相应措施提高企业自身绿色产品竞争力,确保进一步扩大化学品的出口市场。     

攻克REACH难关 再敲欧盟大门

欧盟REACH法规是中国出口产品面临最大、最复杂，影响面最广的技术贸易壁垒。因为欧盟REACH法规，浙江经济所受的影响至少是数十亿欧元。     

反馈报道：浙江已成立REACH解决中心

本刊2007年2月聚焦栏目推出“面对壁垒：寻求创新之矛”一组稿件，半年来，各地有关部门和广大企业未雨绸缪，推出了众多“创新之矛”。其中我省最有亮点的招数是浙江省出入境检验检疫局针对这一情况，已成立（中国）REACH（注：关于化学品注册、评估、许可和限制）解决中心。     

欧盟新绿色贸易壁垒及其对我国出口贸易的影响

随着世界经济的不断发展,环境问题越来越严重,并且已经成为世界各国最关注的问题之一。在这种背景下,欧盟等国家制定了许多发展中国家难以达到的繁琐复杂的环境标准和法规,尤其是近年来推出的WEEE,ROHS及REACH等新绿色技术标准,极大地影响了我国相关产品的出口。     

宏观经济运行质量评价指标的选择方法

筛选指标的传统方法或者是定性分析或者是单一的定量分析。本文收集了37个反映宏观经济运行质量的指标信息,依据相关系数及其聚类分析,将相关程度不同的指标聚为不同的组或类,然后在相关系数高度相关的指标组进行因果关系分析,选取那些作为原因的变量或指标。利用相关时间序列建模方法中的向量自回归模型,及其脉冲响应函数和方差分解分析,进一步区分那些影响其他变量的重要变量。最后得到一组既能反映现象变化,又是主要或重要变量的14个指标。这一指标筛选方法不同于传统方法,它充分利用了指标之间的关联信息、因果信息和动态相依信息,具有综合性与实用性。     

区域科技需求强度的综合评价方法与应用

选取经济社会发展综合水平、产业发展水平和科技发展水平三个一级指标以及相应的十六个二级指标,构建区域科技需求强度的综合评价指标体系。使用这一指标体系,对北部湾经济区科技需求强度进行评价,并与广西各经济区、区外地区进行比较。北部湾经济区的科技需求强度处于广西中游水平,高于广西平均水平也高于湖南、贵州,不过远低于广东。修正、建立产业科技需求强度评价指标体系,评价北部湾经济区各产业科技需求强度。对北部湾经济区科技需求强度变化趋势的预测,表明其未来几年将呈快速增长态势。应做好北部湾经济区所需科技的廓清、遴选工作,确定科技尤其是关键共性技术的需求内容,以此推进北部湾经济区的科技发展。     

SPACE AND TIME COMPARISONS OF PURCHASING POWER PARITIES AND REAL VALUES

The calculation of purchasing power parities and quantity comparisons for a given year provides interesting information about the relative importance of countries. However, it is necessary to make these estimates annually in order to enable users to apply these parities for international comparison of annual data expressed in national currency. The paper deals with the problems related to merging spatial comparisons and temporal volume and price movements for the countries of the European Community. For these countries full information was collected in 1975 and in 1980, whereas in the intermediate years some price data were collected and price indices at a detailed level have also been collected. First the theoretical problems of consistency between the spatial results and temporal indices are discussed. Because no immediate consistency can be obtained, several methods are proposed to achieve consistency, by estimating one unique set of spatial and temporal indices. The available information for the period 1975-80 has been used in order to test the numerical differences between two sets of parities and price indices over time. Besides theoretical reasons for inconsistency, it is also necessary to take into account errors in the price observations or in the price indices. The results presented in the paper should be considered as provisional and further work will be undertaken to obtain better insights into the inconsistency between these sets of data.     

Chinese Online Unemployment-Related Searches and Macroeconomic Indicators

Official monthly unemployment data is unavailable in China, while intense public interest in unemployment requires timely and accurate information. Using data on web queries from lead search engines in China, Baidu and Google, I build two indices measuring intensity of online unemployment-related searches. The unemployment-related search indices identify a structural break in the time series between October and November 2008, which corresponds to a turning point indicated by some macroeconomic indicators. The unemployment- related search indices are proven to have significant correlation with Purchasing Managers＇ Employment Indices and a set of macroeconomic indicators that are closely related to changes in unemployment in China. The results of Granger causality analysis show that the unemployment-related search indices can improve predictions of the c indicators. It suggests that unemploy- ment-related searches can potentially provide valuable, timely, and low-cost information for macroeconomic monitoring.     

An environmental performance index for products reflecting damage costs

Several studies have demonstrated how to use DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) based techniques to estimate environmental performance indices. None of these studies, however, are taking information on the environmental damage costs of the pressure types considered into account. This study is bridging a gap between environmental indices founded in physical pressures and damage costs founded in welfare economics. The aim of the paper is twofold: first, to demonstrate how to implement the information on environmental damage costs within a DEA based environmental performance index, and second, to estimate these indices at product level by using Danish input-output data and environmental data from 1997.     

Measuring the immeasurable — A survey of sustainability indices

Sustainability indices for countries provide a one-dimensional metric to valuate country-specific information on the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, environmental, and social conditions. At the policy level, they suggest an unambiguous yardstick against which a country's development can be measured and even a cross-country comparison can be performed. This article reviews the explanatory power of various sustainability indices applied in policy practice. We show that these indices fail to fulfill fundamental scientific requirements making them rather useless if not misleading with respect to policy advice.     

Multi-horizon inflation forecasts using disaggregated data

In this paper we use multi-horizon evaluation techniques to produce monthly inflation forecasts for up to twelve months ahead. The forecasts are based on individual seasonal time series models that consider both, deterministic and stochastic seasonality, and on disaggregated Consumer Price Index (CPI) data. After selecting the best forecasting model for each index, we compare the individual forecasts to forecasts produced using two methods that aggregate hierarchical time series, the bottom-up method and an optimal combination approach. Applying these techniques to 16 indices of the Mexican CPI, we find that the best forecasts for headline inflation are able to compete with those taken from surveys of experts.     

基于网络环境下独立董事信息系统的构建

当今网络已经成为人们重要的获取信息的方式,以现代网络为依托,组建独立董事选择系统、独立董事绩效评价系统和处罚与责任共担系统,可从建立独立董事选聘机制,解决独立董事报酬机制缺失问题,以及明确独立董事的权责三方面提高独立董事的独立性,保证中小股东的权益,使独立董事作用得到有效地发挥。     

信息化带动工业化的制度基础

以信息化带动工业化实现跨越式发展需要一系列制度条件作保证。比如,能够筛选人才和留住人才的机制、顺畅的科技成果转化机制和信息自由流动的机制,等等。创建这些制度条件需要政府和各类微观主体的共同努力。其中,政府的作用是至关重要的。政府应当从对经济的直接干预中脱开身来,集中精力去创造一个有效率的市场环境。     

独立审计费用影响因素分析——基于消费者效用视角

真实的会计信息披露是证券市场健康发展的必要条件.独立审计费用在一定条件下是保证审计质量的前提.由于"被动消费产品"的存在可能导致上市公司对审计费用的不合理降低并选择效用指数低的审计师,进而造成审计质量的降低并危害到外部相关者的利益.