对突发事件中军队财务保障工作的探析

在和平时期,应对突发事件是军队作战的重要任务。而财务是保证顺利应对突发事件的重要保障,对军队执行职能使命、保护人民生命财产安全等具有重要价值意义。     

突发公共事件影响研究综述

突发事件指突然发生，造成或者可能造成重大人员伤亡、财产损失、生态环境破坏和严重社会危害的紧急事件。非常规突发事件是指前兆不充分，具有明显的复杂性、潜在次生衍生危害性和破坏严重性，采用常规管理方式难以有效应对的突发事件。随着社会经济的发展，非常规突发事件发生的频率和强度逐年提高，严重影响了经济社会的可持续发展。本研究主要对国内外相关研究进行综述。     

对非常规突发事件的思考——以昆明暴恐事件为例

暴力恐怖事件作为社会安全类之一的非常规突发事件,其发生越来越呈现出不断上升的态势。基于公共危机管理理论,以非常规突发事件为视角,通过案例分析——"3·01"昆明火车站暴力恐怖袭击事件,提出加强监控和预测能力、提升政府治理能力、多元化网络治理模式三点思考,完善应对非常规突发事件的对策即公共危机决策机制、健全反恐应急机制、完善信息公开制度、强化地区间协调与沟通机制、加强城市反恐建设以及提高公民反恐能力,以期达到健全应急管理机制的目标。     

浅析交通运输应急物流保障体系

突发事件由于其特殊性,对社会经济具有巨大的负面影响。建立和完善道路运输应急物流体系。对消除和缓解突发事件的影响具有重要作用。从完善应急物流交通运输法律和法规体系,建立应急指挥保障体系。建立应急绿色通道,加强交通运输基础设施建设,加强应急信息网络建设,积极调动社会物流力量六个方面,提出应对突发事件的措施和办法。     

关于提高我国政府应对突发事件能力的思考

政府在突发事件的应对中,必然发挥主导作用;文章提出要通过加强体制建设、预案建设、预警应急系统建设、资源整合、法律法规建设、社会保障、媒体管理、资源储备等策略来提升政府应对突发事件的能力。     

道路运输突发事件应急保障体系研究

道路运输应急体系建设事关道路运输安全生产,在国家《突发事件应对法》和新《安全生产法》的框架体系下,做好道路运输应急保障工作极为重要。通过典型案例分析,提出建立现代道路运输突发时间应急保障体系的途径和措施。     

促进我国非常规油气技术发展的财税政策研究——基于马克思主义财税思想

当前的国际油价暴跌不会改变加大非常规油气资源开发利用的战略取向。提高非常规油气资源开发利用能力,有助于我国应对油价动荡、改善能源结构、维系能源安全、保证社会经济可持续发展。我国非常规油气资源丰富,但技术瓶颈极大地阻碍了其商业化开发利用。马克思主义的财税思想具有重要的时代价值。在充分考虑技术现状、相关政策及国外经验的基础上,文章基于马克思主义的财税思想提出了全面性、效率性及适时适度原则指导下的促进技术发展的政策建议。     

海外投资企业应对突发事件的资金保障及对军队的启示

随着中国企业“走出去”战略和“一带一路”战略的实施,大批中国企业在海外投资,面临海外突发事件的风险较高,而资金是应对突发事件的重要保障资源.近年来,国家和企业采取了备用金、风险防范专项资金、保险等制度措施对海外突发事件进行了防范和应对,效果比较显著,借鉴这些做法,在中国军队“走出去”、实施海外非战争军事行动资金保障中,应搞好跨机构协作、完善应急机制、健全法规体系.     

建立军民融合式财务保障体系的实践意义

军民融合式财务保障体系已具备一定的现实基础,利用好现有基础构建完善的财务保障机制,有利于增强军队作战财务持续保障力、降低军队财务保障成本、提升军队财务保障效率、改善部队官兵消费服务条件.军队财务保障体系在发展过程中,遵循军民融合式发展这一理念,能够有效提升军队作战财务持续保障力,真正提升军队财务保障的效率,有着非常重要的作用.     

突发事件应急管理中非政府组织的作用

近年来,我国各类突发事件频繁发生,给经济发展和人民生活造成很大损失。在突发事件,尤其是公共危机应对中,政府一直处于核心地位,发挥主导作用。但近年来政府在处置突发事件过程中所暴露出的各种问题来看,仅靠政府的力量是远远不够的,需要调动各种社会力量和资源的广泛参与。而这种社会力量和资源的调用主要是通过非政府组织实施的。     

基于总体国家安全观的军民融合创新示范区模式探析

作为贯彻落实军民融合发展战略的载体,国家军民融合创新示范区的创建工作应服务总体国家安全观需求,在体制机制上先行先试,探索可复制可推广的发展新路径新模式。从一体化国家安全体系的政治安全、军事安全、经济安全、科技安全等多种安全需求出发,结合各典型区域资源禀赋优势,提出军事需求牵引型、国防军工支撑型、两用产业集聚型、军民科技融合型、综合融合发展型等5种国家军民融合创新示范区发展模式。针对不同模式的共性及个性需要,构建了涵盖军事需求、国防动员能力、经济基础、产业基础等要素的三级评判考核指标体系,并就实现体制机制创新所需的配套政策清单提出建议。     

Contending Geo-Logics: Energy Security,Resource Ontologies,and the Politics of Expert Knowledge in Estonia

Engaging with nascent scholarly efforts to foreground the ‘geo’ of geopolitics, this article examines how certain low-quality geological substances are constituted as strategic, ‘unconventional’ fossil fuel resources, the exploitation of which is deemed indispensable for energy security reasons. Based on a detailed study of oil shale exploitation in Estonia, the paper specifically analyses the politics of knowledge that enable such carbon-intensive and energy-inefficient industries to perpetuate at the national level and, moreover, subvert the neoliberal imperatives of energy sector deregulation and decarbonisation arising from EU policies. This analysis leads to two key arguments. At one level, the Estonian case evidences and contextualises the growing recognition that ‘energy security’ represents a multifaceted and dynamic construct as it highlights, in particular, the contingency of expert knowledge in its conceptualisation and performance. What counts as energy security is in this case articulated via shifting and contested modes of knowledge-making, whereby state- and market-led modes of energy governance are continuously renegotiated. At another level, however, the politics of knowledge is explained here as exercised through contending ontologies of the fossil fuel resource that pivots security claims, or ‘geo-logics’, which has multiplying effects on resource materiality.     

重大突发公共卫生事件科技研发应急体系运行机制研究

在突发事件应急管理过程中，科技研发支撑作用十分关键，亟需建立突发公共卫生事件科研应急体系长效运行机制。基于科技研发应急体系的复杂性、适应性特征，从主体属性和体系架构两个层面入手，分析重大突发公共卫生事件科技研发应急体系的复杂适应系统特征，运用复杂适应系统理论模型和动态闭环螺旋模型，研究重大突发公共卫生事件科技研发应急体系运行机制。研究发现，重大突发公共卫生事件背景下，科技研发应急体系具有复杂适应系统的7个基本特征，是典型的复杂适应系统；科技研发应急体系中，科研攻关专家组、诊疗医院、科技部门等科研主体具有各自内部模型，并通过6大标识进行聚集；科技研发应急体系存在事件—需求引导、主体协同、资源交互、成果转化机制。同时，新冠病毒肺炎疫情应对实践表明，疫情防控救治进程中科技研发应急体系存在并遵循上述运行机制。     

中国政府应急物资的储备模式研究

建立应急救援物资、生活必需品及应急处置装备制度是应对突发事件的重要保障。当前,中国建立了"分责管理、分级负责、属地为主"的应急体制,并在处理突发事件中取得了良好效果,但也存在着应急物资储备数量少、品种单一及科学的保障能力评估体系不健全等问题。为此,中国应优化应急物资储备模式与体系,进一步增强应急物资保障能力。     

社会救援资源动员机制框架构建——以政府体系为核心

资源动员理论的发展经历了三个阶段,分别以经济组织模型、政治因素模型和文化因素模型为研究重点。公共突发事件发生时,高效、迅速地动员和整合社会资源是提高救援效率的重要途径。因此,应针对突发事件特性,转变资源动员研究视角,以政府体系为核心,从组织协调、资金投入、能力保障和信息沟通四个维度来构建社会救援资源的动员机制框架。     

农民工社会保障“广东模式”与“上海模式”研究

当前,农民工的社会保障问题,是一个极其重要的社会问题,中央和社会各界对农民工社会保障问题高度关注,各地方政府在探索解决农民工社会保障问题的实践中形成了各具特色的农民工社会保障模式,其中最具代表性的是"广东模式"和"上海模式"。文章通过分析这两种模式的其本特点、优点和局限性,提出了改进城市农民工社会保障问题的建议。     

科技安全与国家安全其他要素的关系

国家安全由政治安全、军事安全、经济安全、生态安全、科技安全等要素构成。本文着重分析了科技安全与其他安全要素的关系,从国家安全要素的相关性上揭示了科技安全在国家安全体系中的地位和作用。     

THE PERSIAN GULF, GLOBAL OIL RESOURCES, AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

This article analyzes the interaction of politics and military security in global oil markets since the 1980s. The authors outline the historical evolution of the pricing structure that maintained a stable world oil market. They argue that the security framework underlying this pricing structure relied on a trade-off between price stability and military security that has contributed to growing political instability in individual Persian Gulf countries and the rise of Al Qaeda and similar groups. The article concludes with a discussion of the pros and cons of three possible policy approaches to this dilemma—a "hands-off" approach that is similar to the policy that prevailed between 1973 and 1990, a unilateral security system organized and led by the United States, and an international security framework. (JEL D47 , F02 , L11 , Q32 , Q41 , Q43 , Q48 )     

All-pay war

We study a model of conflicts and wars in which the outcome is uncertain not because of luck on the battlefield as in standard models, but because countries lack information about their opponent. In this model expected resource levels and production and military technologies are common knowledge, but realized resource levels are private information. Each country decides how to allocate its resources to production and warfare. The country with the stronger military wins and receives aggregate production. In equilibrium both comparative and absolute advantages matter: a larger resource share is allocated to warfare by the country with a comparative advantage in warfare at relatively low realized resource levels, and by the country with an absolute disadvantage in warfare at relatively high realized resource levels. From an ex-ante perspective the country with a comparative advantage in warfare is more likely to win the war unless its military potential is much lower.     

Designing Global Governance for Agricultural Development and Food and Nutrition Security

We point to deficits in current global institutional arrangements in support of agricultural development and food and nutrition security. A framework for global institutional arrangements proposed here is the set of essential international public goods for a well‐functioning world food system. These public goods include international natural resource management; trade and transboundary competition policy; research and innovation; handling large scale food emergencies; and transboundary food safety. Based on the framework, and institutional economics considerations, causes of current malfunctioning of global food governance are analyzed. It is proposed to redesign global food governance by establishing an international platform with policy clusters mapped along the set of global public goods. To support the platform with needed research‐based evidence an International Panel on Food, Nutrition and Agriculture (IPFNA) is suggested, partly following the design of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Existing organizations and mechanisms would form building blocks of the strengthened and redesigned governance system. A gradual approach toward redesign is proposed. Some redesign in the suggested direction was triggered by the food crisis of 2008, as demonstrated by the reform of the Committee on Food Security (CFS) with its high level panel of experts, but more is needed.