流动儿童歧视、社会身份冲突与城市适应的关系

采取整群抽样法在北京城区一所打工子弟学校、二所公立学校选取小五-初二年级的流动儿童415名进行问卷调查,采用个体歧视知觉问卷、社会身份冲突问卷、城市适应问卷探讨歧视、社会身份冲突、城市适应三者的关系。歧视会负向影响流动儿童城市适应状况;歧视会正向影响社会身份冲突;社会身份冲突会负向影响流动儿童城市适应状况;社会身份冲突在歧视与城市适应中的心理适应维度之间起中介作用。     

流动儿童城市适应困境探究——基于南京、苏州、杭州、绍兴四地的调查

本文对南京、苏州、杭州、绍兴四地的流动儿童城市适应情况进行了调查,在调查中发现,城市中的本地儿童比起流动儿童对“城市人”有着绝对高的身份认同.帮助流动儿童适应城市生活,应认识到他们与本地儿童在生命历程和自我发展上的差异,了解他们在社会互动中的需求,并针对需求逐步改善他们的社会文化环境,以激发他们自我发展,帮助他们更好地融入城市.     

独生子女大学生学校适应特点及对策分析

独生子女是由于其特殊性而广受关注的一个社会群体,大学阶段是青少年个体心理发展历程中的转折期,提高独生子女大学生的学校适应和心理健康水平,已成为教育工作者和研究人员广泛关注的重要课题.本文在分析独生子女大学生学校适应的特点基础上,提出了提高独生子女大学生学校适应能力的四条建议.     

独生子女大学生学校适应特点及对策分析

独生子女是由于其特殊性而广受关注的一个社会群体，大学阶段是青少年个体心理发展历程中的转折期，提高独生子女大学生的学校适应和心理健康水平，已成为教育工作者和研究人员广泛关注的重要课题。本文在分析独生子女大学生学校适应的特点基础上，提出了提高独生子女大学生学校适应能力的四条建议。     

谈大学生心理控制源和职业自我效能感对 职业成熟度的影响

本研究主要考察心理控制源对大学生职业成熟度的影响,以及职业自我效能感在其中起到的调节作用。通过运用心理控制源问卷、职业成 熟度量表和职业自我效能感量表对大学生进行施测,结果得到:第一，职业成熟度、职业自我效能感和心理控制源及其三个维度两两之间呈显著正相关 关系；第二，心理控制源的三个维度均可显著正向预测职业成熟度；第三，职业自我效能感在心理控制源与职业成熟度之间的调节效应达到边缘显 著,但在内控型、有势力的他人和机遇三因子与职业成熟度之间并不存在调节效应。职业自我效能感在心理控制源与职业成熟度之间的调节效应达到 边缘显著,但在内控型、有势力的他人和机遇三因子与职业成熟度之间并不存在调节效应。     

多重网络嵌入对创业意向的影响——基于自我效能感的中介作用

在"双创"背景下,基于嵌入性理论,利用京津冀大学生调查问卷数据,采用结构方程模型,分析了大学生社会网络的关系嵌入、结构嵌入和认知嵌入对创业意向的影响以及自我效能感的中介作用。实证结果表明:关系嵌入和认知嵌入对大学的创业意向具有积极影响,结构嵌入对创业意向没有显著影响;结构嵌入和认知嵌入对自我效能感均具有显著的正向影响,关系嵌入对自我效能感没有影响;自我效能感在结构嵌入和认知嵌入对创业意向的影响中具有中介作用,而不能中介关系嵌入和创业意向之间的关系。     

情绪智力、外向性与情绪劳动的关系——基于服务业员工的实证研究

本文采用问卷调查法,对江苏省内350名服务业员工的情绪智力、外向性与情绪劳动的关系进行了研究.结果表明,情绪智力可以有效预测服务业员工的情绪劳动策略,外向性调节二者之间的关.系.他人情绪评估和情绪利用可以正向预测表层扮演;自我情绪评估、自我情绪调节、他人情绪评估和情绪利用均可正向预测深层扮演;他人情绪评估和情绪利用可以显著预测自主调节;外向性可以负向预测表层扮演,可以正向预测自主调节,但与深层扮演的关系不显著.     

底层、学校与阶级再生产

对于处在城市底层的农民工子女而言,学校意味着什么？是实现向上流动的阶梯,还是迈向阶级再生产的驿站？公办学校向农民工子女开放是否会带来社会流动机会的增加？研究发现：就读于公办学校的农民工子女,其成长的过程存在显著的“天花板效应”,一方面认同主流价值观,渴望向上流动,另一方面则制度性地自我放弃。而农民工子弟学校则盛行“反学校文化”,通过否定学校的价值系统、蔑视校方和教师的权威而获得独立与自尊,同时心甘情愿地提前进入次级劳动力市场,加速了阶级再生产的进程。两类机制虽有差异,却殊途同归地导向阶级再生产而非社会流动。     

学校类型与流动儿童的教育-来自上海的经验证据

本文根据在上海地区进行的问卷调查和标准化考试结果,考察学校类型对于流动儿童考试成绩的影响。我们在控制家庭和学生个人因素,并通过工具变量法调整学校选择的内生性问题后,发现在民工子弟学校就读和在公办学校就读的流动儿童之间仍存在较大的成绩差距。进一步的分位数回归结果显示学校类型对于成绩较差的学生影响更大。我们的研究结果与目前民工子弟学校教学质量普遍低于公办学校的观察相吻合。     

支持性组织氛围对科技人员主动创新行为影响研究:自我决定感与分配公平的作用

支持性组织氛围感知有助于激发员工创新思维,增强创新主动性。本文旨在研究支持性组织氛围感知对员工主动创新行为的影响,并以自我决定理论和公平理论为基础,研究自我决定感和分配公平在以上关系中起的中介作用和调节作用。研究以科技型企业378名科技人员为研究对象,对问卷调查获得的数据进行统计分析,结果显示:①支持性组织氛围感知对员工主动创新行为具有显著影响;②支持性组织氛围感知对自我决定感具有显著正向影响;③自我决定感在支持性组织氛围感知与主动创新行为的关系中起完全中介作用;④分配公平在自我决定感与主动创新行为关系中起调节作用。     

The effect of primary school type on the high school opportunities of migrant children in China

Using longitudinal data collected from China, this paper studies how primary school type affects migrant children’s high school opportunities. We use parental residence prior to a policy change in Shanghai as an instrument for primary school type, and find that migrant children who attended private primary schools are 10% less likely to enter high schools without retention than their counterparts who attended public primary schools. We show that both institutional barriers and learning at the primary school stage affect students’ probability of entering high school and whether they go to regular or vocational high schools.     

Migrant peers in the classroom: Is the academic performance of local students negatively affected?

This paper provides the first causal estimates of the impact of internal migrant peers on the academic performance of local students in developing countries. By exploiting the random assignment of students to classes within a school, I find that migrant peers have large and negative effects on the academic performance of local students in China and the negative spillover effects are concentrated among male students and among local students in large cities. The investigation of the underlying mechanisms suggests that the negative migrant spillover effects may come from the worsened learning environment or from the adjustment of teachers’ pedagogical practices in response to the migrant composition in the classroom.     

安徽省农民工收入影响因素分析

利用安徽省32个村的调查数据,对影响农民工收入的因素进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:农民工阶层内部呈现较大的收入差距;性别、培训和务工地区对农民工收入的影响显著;受教育程度低于初中这一状态对农民工收入的提高具有明显的限制作用,具有初中及以上文化程度的农民工间的收入差距不大。     

Timing and duration of paternal migration and the educational attainment of left‐behind children: Evidence from rural China

This paper examines the relationship between the migration of men from rural China and the educational attainment of their left‐behind children. The importance of migratory timing and duration are addressed. Using survey data, the study found that compared with rural children of nonmigrant parents, rural children of migrant fathers have a lower probability of being enrolled in school. In addition, the relationship between migratory timing, duration, and school enrollment shows an interesting pattern; children whose fathers migrated when they were infants are more likely to be enrolled in school, but children whose fathers migrated before their birth or after they reached school age are less likely to be enrolled in school. Possible explanations for this pattern are provided.     

Residential segregation and educational attainment of children from regional migrant families in China

This paper studies the residential segregation effects on educational attainment of children from regional migrant families in China. We find that if migrant families live in segregated communities with fewer local residents, the school dropout rate of the children living with their parents in the host cities is higher and their high school enrollment rate is lower. We employ a unique set of nationwide survey data of regional migrants in China in 2012 and 2013 that comprises more than 150,000 individuals in each year. We first use the ratio of migrants over the total population residing in a community to measure segregation. When the ratio increases by 10%, the school dropout rate of migrant children increases by 4.7% from the mean value. Secondly, we identify segregation from the housing type of the migrant family. When they reside in the dorms provided by their employers or in the workplace, they will also be surrounded by many migrant colleagues. We find that living in such places increases the “not‐going‐to‐high‐school rate” of migrant children by 35% from the mean value. Our subsample analysis indicates that the segregation effects only exist in the samples of male migrant children and rural hukou families.     

The Importance of Tax Adjustments When Evaluating Wage Expectations*

Using elicited expectations of future gross salaries, we evaluate characteristics causing German students to make larger or smaller estimation errors. While students seem to underestimate actual salaries by 18 percent, we show that these errors are highly attributable to misconceptions of the progressive income tax. Developing a suitable adjustment procedure, we correct students’ estimates and find that errors decline by 12 percentage points. Conducting regression analyses, we reveal strong connections with students’ age, gender, work experience, secondary school track, and knowledge about student loans. These results change notably if not controlling for students’ misconceptions of the tax system.     

城市农民工心理健康及群体差异调查研究——以浙江省温州市为例

运用SCL-90量表对温州市部分农民工进行调查,结果发现城市农民工心理健康水平显著低于全国常模,不同性别、婚姻、年龄、岗位和文化程度的城市农民工的心理健康状况各有差异。     

How Would One Extra Year of High School Affect Academic Performance in University? Evidence from an Educational Policy Change

This paper uses a unique policy change in Ontario, Canada, to provide direct evidence on how reducing the length of high school would impact student performance in university. After a five‐year educational program was eliminated from Ontario high schools and replaced with a four‐year program, two graduating cohorts with different amounts of high school education simultaneously entered university. The results demonstrate that students who receive one less year of high school education perform significantly worse than their counterparts in all subjects, even after the age difference between the cohorts is accounted for.