论个人消费信贷业务的发展风险与政策控制

金融危机席卷全球,一方面,需要控制个人消费信贷业务的发展风险,另一方面,又需要发展个人消费信贷业务来刺激内需拉动经济。个人消费信贷业务的快速发展,对提高居民消费水平,拉动经济发展具有重要作用。但由于政策法规不够完善,信用环境不够健全,宏观调控没有到位,金融监管存在缺陷,个人消费信贷业务也存在很大的风险。因此,政府要对个人消费信贷风险进行政策控制：完善个人消费信贷政策法规,健全个人消费信贷信用环境,加强个人消费信贷宏观调控,强化个人消费信贷金融监管。     

基于KMV模型的上市公司信用风险度量分析

信用风险是金融业面临的最主要的风险之一,对企业债权人及股东的投资产生重要影响,因此,度量信用风险显得十分重要。采用KMV模型对中国上市公司的信用风险进行度量,结果表明该模型能很好地识别信用风险。     

市场风险与信用风险:风险管理中存在的悖论

利率、汇率波动的加剧,使金融衍生市场的风险成为影响金融体系稳定运行的最重要因素之一。在金融风险定价理论和资产组合技术的支持下,金融衍生工具已成为防范基础性金融风险的有效工具。但金融衍生工具在用于金融风险管理中也存在市场风险、信用风险、流动性风险等基本金融风险。不仅存在着市场风险与信用风险的替代性,还存在着加大金融风险总量的可能。金融风险管理的实质是寻求风险损失与风险收益的平衡。     

Housing price fluctuations and financial risk transmission: a spatial economic model

Financial risk derived from housing price fluctuations in China garnered much public concern recently. Based on the theoretical analyses of the transmission of financial risk from housing price fluctuations, this paper establishes panel spatial Durbin models to empirically analyse housing price fluctuations and financial risks transmission from a spatial economic perspective. Employing the panel provincial data from 1999–2015, we conduct an analysis on the 30 provinces in China as well as a comparison among the Eastern, Middle and Western regions of China. The results indicate that: (1) The soaring housing prices driven by bank credit, real estate developers’ heavy investment, local governments’ land revenue and individuals and households demands leads to financial risk in various sectors; (2) due to the ‘substitution effect’, the capital agglomeration in metropolis from bank credits, real estate developers, and individuals and households furthers the amassment of financial risks; (3) housing prices have a significant spatial contagion effect throughout the country, and financial risk could directly transmit across provinces through housing price fluctuations; (4) financial risks could indirectly transmit across provinces via the ‘imitative behaviour’ or ‘driving effect’ of different sectors for different regions of China.     

Design and rating of risk-contingent credit for balancing business and financial risks for Kenyan farmers

Weather-related agricultural risks and limited access to credit are serious impediments to agricultural productivity and growth in developing countries. This paper describes a novel insurance linked credit model piloted in Kenya, where insurance markets are effectively absent, and farmers do not borrow because of the risk of losing their collateral. One of the challenges in deigning bundled credit products, in the absence of traded securities, is the actuarial pricing and risk rating of the insurance and the loan product. We develop a rainfall linked risk-contingent credit that transfers drought risk related perils from borrower to lender via insurance mechanism that provide a balance between business and credit risks for smallholder farmers. We describe the methodology used to design and rating of a risk-contingent structured operating agricultural credit instrument using CHIRPS rainfall data from 1981–2016 in Kenya. We illustrate the use of Monte Carlo methods to risk modelling that can be integrated within the general insurance and credit rating framework. The innovative design and methodology presented in this paper are as important as the product delivery mechanism and will be of interest to specialists in development economics and agricultural finance.     

商业银行信用卡业务发展与风险管理

回顾信用卡业务在我国的发展历程、分析信用卡业务的发展现状,不难发现中国已成为全球信用卡业务增长最快、发展潜力最大的市场。作为未来消费信贷的重要增长点,在金融行业民间资本准入制度的放开、全球化进程不断深入、移动互联快速普及的大数据时代,民间资本、外资银行对信用卡业务的广泛渗透,以及互联网金融的创新发展,必将导致国内信用卡业务参与方关系日趋复杂,信用卡市场竞争日趋激烈。因此,信用卡业务发展过程中所面临的问题及发行风险不容忽视。文中采用行为概率及效用函数的方法对信用卡消费行为进行博弈分析,应用行为分析的结果,对信用卡业务中诸如个人信用登记评估制度,发卡机构营销、审批机制和产品附加值,消费管理和奖惩制度及法律法规制定等相关问题进行了剖析,系统分析了银行信用卡发行过程中的风险,并对信用卡市场的健康发展提出了几点建议。     

Deterministic randomness in a model of finance and growth

Following the literature on growth, cycles and financial development, this paper develops an economic growth model in which the source of endogenous business cycles relates to the allocation of credit between productive investment and consumption. An important role is given to consumer sentiment, because this determines the demand of households for credit; in particular, optimistic beliefs about the economy’s macro performance divert financial resources from investment in favor of consumption. The dynamic analysis indicates that Neimark–Sacker and flip bifurcations eventually separate stable and unstable manifolds and, as a result, a region of nonlinear motion is generated: cycles of various periodicities and chaotic motion characterize the behavior of the long run time paths of accumulated wealth, output and consumption.     

商业银行集团客户信贷风险溯源及防范机制优化

接连不断的集团客户事件警示我们在理论指导下系统研究集团客户信贷风险.本文从集团客户自身经营特点剖析了其信贷风险的系统性特质,并认为与宏观经济、行业系统性风险相比,集团客户系统性风险更具不确定性、多发性.根据集团客户信贷风险来源,论文基于信息经济学论证了集团客户信贷风险实质,针对商业银行集团客户信贷风险管理缺陷,提出了系统的具有实践操作性的集团客户防范机制优化思路.     

Credit Supply and Demand and Business Investment

Abstract
The article explores the lending behaviour of financial intermediaries over the business cycle in the light of theories emphasising agency costs. During a credit crunch loans from financial intermediaries are unobtainable at any price, and so credit may have a causal influence over economic activity. Tests of this do not find evidence of credit constraints following financial deregulation. However, since both loan supply and demand are driven by forward-looking variables, business credit is a useful leading indicator of nominal investment .     

黑龙江省农村金融领域的信用风险及其防范

信用是市场经济的基础,也是市场经济的必然产物,因此,信用风险一旦发生就会对经济发展产生诸多不利影响,在金融领域的影响尤为严重。中国作为一个农业大国,农村金融领域发生信用风险就会严重地制约经济的总体发展水平。因此,从农村金融的角度,以黑龙江省为例,提出合理防范农村金融领域的信用风险,对黑龙江省整体县域经济发展具有重要意义。基于此,分析了农村金融领域信用风险产生的原因和对区域性农业经济发展的影响,提出了相应的风险防范措施.     

信用衍生品的信用风险转移对金融稳定性的影响

银行信用风险转移激励与监管当局提高金融稳定性的目标是一致的,监管当局应该通过鼓励金融机构之间的总信用风险转移,使得信用风险转移的收益最大化;研究还发现,随着跨部门之间信用风险转移的出现,为了使得个体激励与提高信用风险管理中金融机构稳定性的社会目标相一致,应该鼓励部门之间的差异化监管。     

股票市场和银行信贷市场的风险转移与互动

股票市场与银行信贷市场的风险转移与互动机制是整个金融体系防范风险的关键。鉴于此,基于对两市场风险转移与互动机制包含的三个阶段及其各自的表现形式所进行的实证分析,得出结论:中国股票市场与银行信贷市场之间因长期的资金关联已经存在密切的相关性,两市场在价与量上存在因果关系,同时两市场的短期波动亦存在动态关系。种种事实表明,风险转移与互动机制的第一阶段已经启动。     

金融风险管理:理论与技术的变迁和发展

企业经营活动实际上就是在从事管理风险的活动.风险可定义为结果的不确定性,金融风险可分为市场风险、信用风险、流动性风险、操作风险和法律风险.在业界和学术界的共同努力下,金融风险管理的理论和技术取得了巨大的进步和发展.本文总结了金融风险管理理论和技术的变迁并进行了必要的比较和分析.     

论企业财务风险管理

企业在生产经营过程中常常会面临各种各样的风险,企业风险内容广泛,尤以财务风险最为重要。财务风险作为一种信号,能够全面综合反映企业的经营状况,要求企业经营者进行经常性财务分析,防范财务危机,建立预警分析指标体系,进行适当的财务风险决策。     

Credit crunch in a model of financial intermediation and occupational choice

In this paper, we introduce a dynamic general equilibrium model with numerous and heterogeneous investment projects and endogenous occupational choice to study a credit crunch. Asset accumulation of assets by households as they face various employment and return risks over a long lifetime determines whether they are entrepreneurs or workers. The origin of a credit crunch may be found in the conservative lending by banks during periods of financial duress and reduced profitability because of capital requirements. Using an example from Canada, monetary policy is shown to be largely ineffective in alleviating the credit crunch, while flexible loan regulation can erase it.     

If the Banks are Doing So Well,Why Can't I Get a Loan? Regulatory Constraints to Financial Inclusion in Indonesia

Indonesia's financial sector has two paradoxes: (i) Indonesia has been a global leader in microfinance for the past 25 years, but access to microfinance services is declining; and (ii) Indonesia's commercial banks are liquid, solvent, and profitable, and the Indonesian economy has been doing well over the past decade, but small and medium enterprises are facing a credit crunch. Although Indonesia is underbanked, most commercial banks have been unresponsive to unmet effective demand. The behavior of banks has been in their own short‐term best interests, primarily because of the unintended consequences of Indonesia's financial sector reregulation after the East Asian crisis and contradictory monetary policies, which have produced a prudentially sound but inefficient, narrow, and homogenized banking oligopoly. Indonesia should not respond to financial exclusion by artificially pumping out and administratively allocating more credit. Instead, it should promulgate smart regulation so that banks maintain their sound risk management without pursuing noncompetitive and noninclusive business practices.     

利率市场化对我国商业银行的挑战及应对策略

利率市场化是我国金融市场国际化非常重要的一步。利率市场化使中国银行业面临严峻考验。面对净利息收入减少、利率波动提高、银行竞争加剧、信用风险提高以及系统性风险加大,我国商业银行必须调整盈利结构,创新产品,拓宽利润增长点。     

中国个人住房按揭贷款的信用风险及成因剖析

随着中国房地产市场的不断扩张和个人住房按揭贷款业务的快速发展,其信用风险也越来越受到中国金融界的重视。要实施有效的防范措施和管理策略,就必须先认真剖析风险的形成原因。中国个人住房按揭贷款信用风险的成因主要在于：开发商信用缺失造成;借款人问题导致;商业银行自身原因引发。     

基于CreditMetrics模型的Var方法计算

近期全球金融市场呈现出前所未有的波动性和脆弱性,各国金融监管当局和金融机构都在不断强化和完善对风险的管理。基于CreditMetrics模型,确定了一种能够根据信贷资产的具体情况,方便、快捷地量化风险的通用计算方法。该方法通过明确设定信用等级转移矩阵,估算未来不同信用等级下的贷款远期价值以及推导贷款价值变动的远期分布,对单笔贷款的信用风险进行了具体的量化分析,有利于各金融机构对信贷资产的风险识别、业绩评估和对金融创新业务风险的监管。     

Increasing Wealth and Increasing Instability: The Role of Collateral

In development economics, growth in credit is generally associated with faster long-run growth as financial intermediation improves the efficiency of channeling capital to productive investment. Yet, among developing countries high growth in credit almost always guarantees the outbreak of a financial crisis. The authors attempt to reconcile the two seemingly contradictory facts with an endogenous growth model in which entry to international borrowing entails some significant fixed cost. The poorest countries are excluded from international borrowing because of the fixed cost. The higher-income developing countries will find it optimal to sink the fixed cost to borrow internationally, growing faster as a result, but also become prone to fluctuations arising from shocks to the international financial market.