丹丽心脉通胶囊质量标准的研究

目的对丹丽心脉通胶囊的显微特征、薄层色谱鉴别进行试验,为制订丹丽心脉通胶囊的质量标准提供研究方法。方法通过显微镜观察丹丽心脉通胶囊中黄连、枳壳、高丽参的显微特征;采用薄层色谱鉴别丹丽心脉通胶囊中丹参、黄连。结果丹丽心脉通胶囊的显微特征易见、专属;薄层色谱所得色谱斑点清晰,供试品色谱在与对照药材和对照品色谱相应位置上斑点对应良好,且阴性无干扰。结论该方法稳定、可靠,可应用于控制丹丽心脉通胶囊的质量。     

槐枝药材及饮片的质量标准研究

目的建立槐枝药材及饮片的质量标准。方法建立槐枝药材及饮片的性状、显微和薄层色谱鉴别方法;并分别对10批槐枝药材和10批槐枝饮片的水分、总灰分、水溶性浸出物进行测定;采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对槐枝药材及饮片中的指标性成分芦丁进行含量测定。结果槐枝药材及饮片的显微特征明显,薄层色谱斑点清晰,分离效果好,在与芦丁对照品相应的位置上,显相同的荧光斑点;拟定了槐枝药材及饮片的水分、总灰分、水溶性浸出物限量分别为12.0%、10.0%、8.0%;芦丁在50.7~760.6 ng范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998),平均回收率为103.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%(n=6)。结论所建标准可用于槐枝药材及饮片的质量评价。     

小柴胡颗粒的质量标准研究

目的探讨小柴胡颗粒质量标准的制定方法。方法通过对本院自行研制中成药制剂小柴胡颗粒中的甘草、黄芩、党参等成分应用薄层色谱法进行定性鉴别,同时对小柴胡颗粒中的黄芩应用高效液相色谱法测定其含量,从而制订符合生产要求的小柴胡颗粒质量标准。结果通过分析可知,小柴胡中的甘草、黄芩、党参的定性鉴别专属性较强、灵敏度较高;经高效液相色谱法分析可知黄芩苷平均回收率为99.52%,RSD=0.87%,样品数量为6。结论对小柴胡颗粒质量的制定标准符合生产要求,其定性、定量的操作方法简单,能准确、有效地测量小柴胡颗粒中黄芩苷的含量,实验重现性较好。     

协日音·汤质量标准研究

目的建立协日音·汤的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱法鉴别制剂中的苦地丁,采用高效液相色谱法测定处方中秦艽的成分龙胆苦苷。结果采用薄层色谱法鉴别制剂中的苦地丁;采用高效液相色谱法测定龙胆苦苷,在0.2104～0.7364μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=12838X+18492,r=1;平均加样回收率为99.07%(n=9,RSD=0.98%)。结论方法可行,重现性好,能准确监控该制剂的质量。     

协日音·汤质量标准研究

目的建立协日音.汤的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱法鉴别制剂中的苦地丁,采用高效液相色谱法测定处方中秦艽的成分龙胆苦苷。结果采用薄层色谱法鉴别制剂中的苦地丁;采用高效液相色谱法测定龙胆苦苷,在0.2104～0.7364μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=12838X+18492,r=1;平均加样回收率为99.07%(N=9,RSD=0.98%)。结论方法可行,重现性好,能准确监控该制剂的质量。     

蒲黄及其伪品的鉴别

目的列出蒲黄及其伪品的区别,为中药鉴定工作者提供鉴别蒲黄的依据。方法用水试、显微鉴别和理化鉴别的方法将蒲黄及其伪品进行比较。结果伪品＂蒲黄＂从性状、显微及一般理化性质与正品均不相同,薄层色谱的斑点与正品蒲黄的斑点位置,颜色均有很大差异。结论蒲黄与其伪品有非常巨大的差别,通过水试、显微鉴别或理化鉴别的方法都能轻易地鉴别出来。     

乳癖内消片制备工艺及质量标准研究

目的研究乳癖内消片的制备工艺及质量标准。方法采用半浸膏片的生产工艺制成制剂,使用显微和薄层色谱法进行鉴别,通过加速试验对其初步稳定性进行预测。结果各项检查均符合药典要求;薄层鉴别图谱斑点清晰,分离度好。成品置于温度37℃～40℃、相对湿度75%环境,分别于0,1,2,3月对其外观性状、鉴别、检查等稳定性项目进行测定,各项检测指标均无明显变化,表明该产品质量稳定。结论制备工艺成熟稳定可行,操作简便;质量可控。     

平喘颗粒薄层色谱质量标准研究

目的 确立平喘颗粒中蜜麻黄、枇杷叶、丹参的薄层色谱鉴别方法。方法 依据《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版四部中麻黄、枇杷叶、丹参的薄层色谱法(TLC),对医院制剂进行色谱鉴别。结果 与对照品比较鉴别出该药物的特征斑点,阴性对照无此斑点。结论 平喘颗粒中3种药物用TLC鉴别操作简便,重现性好,可作为该制剂质量控制标准。     

金银花中绿原酸和木犀草苷的薄层色谱鉴别方法分析

目的探讨金银花中绿原酸和木犀草苷的薄层色谱(TLC)鉴别方法。方法根据《中国药典》TLC法,配置供试品样品,选择合适展开剂,并分析其显色方法。结果用水作溶剂经热回流提取后配置试验样品,乙酸乙酯-丙酮-甲酸-水(7.0:3.0:1.0:1.2)作展开剂,分别喷上5%三氯化铝乙醇溶液,经紫外光灯(365nm)照射鉴别木犀草苷。喷1%三氯化铁试液与1%铁氰化钾试液(1:1)混合溶液的上清液,使其显色观察绿原酸。结论应用可行性薄层色谱鉴别法,具有较高重现性好,对金银花中绿原酸和木犀草苷予以有效鉴定。     

地龙的定性鉴别及蛋白质含量测定

目的对地龙进行定性鉴别及蛋白质含量测定。方法采用显微、薄层色谱法对地龙进行定性鉴别,采用紫外分光光度法对其蛋白质含量进行测定。结果蛋白质在0.02~0.10mg/ml范围内线性关系良好,在50min内稳定性良好,测得地龙蛋白质含量为2.33mg/g,仪器精密度RSD为0.627%。结论利用显微及薄层鉴别,可对地龙药材进行定性鉴别及含量测定,蛋白质含量采用紫外测定方法简便可行。     

Hedonic Wine Price Functions and Measurement Error

Accumulated theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that wine prices depend on quality, reputation and objective characteristics. Unlike previous studies, we recognize that quality and reputation are latent constructs and therefore employ factor analysis and 2SLS techniques to consistently estimate hedonic prices in the presence of attributes measured with error. The application to Australian premium wines points to significant reputation effects but insignificant quality effects. It is also illustrated that inappropriately using standard OLS procedures can seriously distort the statistical significance of attributes, the implicit marginal attribute prices, and the predictions of 'average' prices for a given set of characteristics.     

Key market values for bottled wine in an emerging market: product attributes or business strategy?

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the emerging bottled Chilean red wine market and studies the main determinants of the consumer price of wine sold on the domestic market. A hedonic price function was estimated for a sample of 810 wines using a quantile regression (QR) model. The database contains three variable groups to explain price: objective variables (national, international and vine quality designations), subjective variables (wine score) and business strategies used by wine producers. Results show that some objective variables have a greater impact on price than the wine score (a subjective variable) and business strategies, which vary for each quartile of prices analysed. Finally, this information will allow companies to design and implement marketing strategies to inform the consumer about the importance of some variables in the price of their product.     

Accounting for Growth in the Australian Wine Industry, 1987 to 2003

A computable general equilibrium model of the Australian economy is used to account for the dramatic growth in Australia's wine industry between 1987 and 1999, and to project grape and wine volumes and prices to 2003. Export demand growth has made a major contribution to total output growth in premium wines, and accounts for most of the increase in the producer price of premium red wine. Domestic consumer preferences have shifted, mainly towards premium red wine, but there is also some evidence of growing demand for premium white wine since the mid 1990s. From the perspective of producers, productivity growth, while being less important than growth in domestic demand, appears to have more than offset the negative effects on suppliers of wine consumer tax increases. From the domestic consumers' perspective, however, tax hikes have raised retail prices much more than productivity gains have lowered them. The high and sustained levels of profitability resulting from export demand growth have led to a massive supply response in Australia. Even so, by 2003 Australian wine output will still be less than 5 per cent of global production.     

Forecasting Bordeaux wine prices using state-space methods

Generic Bordeaux red wine (basic claret) can be regarded as being similar to an agricultural commodity. Production volumes are substantial, they are traded at high frequency and the quality of the product is relatively homogeneous. Unlike other commodities and the top-end wines (which represent only 3% of the traded volume), there is no futures market for generic Bordeaux wine. Reliable forecasts of prices can to large extent replace this information deficiency and improve the functioning of the market. We use state-space methods with monthly data to obtain a univariate forecasting model for the average price. The estimates highlight the stochastic trend and the seasonality present in the evolution of the price over the period 1999 to 2016. The model predicts the path of wine prices out of sample reasonably well, suggesting that this approach is useful for making reasonably accurate forecasts of future price movements.     

Do denominations of origin provide useful quality signals? The case of Bordeaux wines

This paper investigates whether the existing Denominations of Origin (DOs) provide useful quality signals for wine consumers. To test our conjecture that the large number of existing DOs is too many for the typical consumer, we investigate the patterns of co-movement among average monthly wholesale prices for red wines from the 11 main DOs in Bordeaux over 16 years, 1999–2014. Our results indicate that consumers substitute among these wines according to the similarity of semantic elements in the names of DOs on the labels, and not according to prices or terroir that could reflect intrinsic quality where the names as such cannot. This finding suggests that the current DOs are too numerous and complex to provide helpful quality signals to consumers. A substantial reduction of the number of DOs might be warranted to better address the broader informational issue in wine markets.     

略论葡萄酒业的隐性营销策略

目前，我国饮酒习惯正在发生变化。但从红酒消费的主流来看，更多的还是集中在宴会、酒吧这类场所，离大众消费仍有一段距离。我国对葡萄酒文化认知以及饮酒消费习惯制约了葡萄酒产业的发展。采用隐性营销传播模式，立足于顾客心理价值的开发，塑造全新的葡萄酒文化，可促进我国葡萄酒业的快速发展。     

Wine Quality and Varietal, Regional and Winery Reputations: Hedonic Prices for Australia and New Zealand

We estimate hedonic price functions for premium wine from Australia and New Zealand, differentiating implicit prices for sensory quality ratings, wine varieties and regional as well as winery brand reputations over the vintages 1992–2000. The results show regional reputations have become increasingly differentiated through time (although less so for New Zealand). In particular, cool-climate regions are becoming increasingly preferred over other regions in Australia. In each country, price premia associated with both James Halliday's and Winestate magazine's sensory quality ratings, and with Halliday's winery ratings and classic wine designations, are highly significant.     

Modelling prices and the reputation of individual named wines

This article develops empirical models to assess the relation between the reputation of an individual named wine and its price. Unrestricted and polynomial distributed lag models are used to assess the impact of past expert quality ratings on the prices of Australian premium wines. Results point to the practical unimportance of current wine quality scores impacting prices and suggest that quality score lag effects up to six years may be important. The largest individual lagged impact of quality on price is estimated to occur at approximately two years, and prices are estimated to increase by more than 10% over six years for a one-point quality score increase. A procedure for identifying potential wine price bargains based on a comparison of price predictions from estimated wine reputation and current quality measures is illustrated. The implications of the findings for wine producers are also discussed.