IT服务外包项目的综合评价及其应用——基于AHP的改进灰色聚类模型

针对IT服务外包决策的实际需要和服务外包项目评价的复杂性和灰特性,将AHP方法引入灰色聚类评价模型,并对模型进行改进,以实现对IT服务外包项目的评价等级区分和排序。应用实例构建了IT服务外包项目评价指标体系。结果表明,基于AHP的改进灰色聚类评价模型具有简单实用、科学准确、可操作性强等特点,有助于IT服务外包企业正确选择服务外包项目。     

大数据环境特征对IT外包项目绩效的影响

对知识密集型的IT外包行业来说,大数据环境成为接包企业潜在的知识来源。然而,大数据环境是否真的促进IT接包项目绩效？如何从中获益？现有文献对这些问题缺乏研究。基于资源编排理论,探讨了大数据易得性和冗杂性对IT接包项目绩效的直接影响,检验了功能组合和专项突破两种软件开发策略的调节作用,提出6条假设,采用195个IT外包项目数据进行检验。研究发现,大数据易得性显著提高接包项目绩效,而大数据冗杂性显著降低项目绩效;功能组合策略增强而专项突破策略削弱了大数据易得性对项目绩效的促进作用;两种开发策略对大数据冗杂性与项目绩效关系的调节作用不显著。     

中国保险企业信息技术外包策略选择及风险分析

信息技术外包是保险公司信息技术资源管理的重要战略,而IT外包成功的关键在于正确选择外包策略。本文就我国保险企业IT外包的动因、面临的问题和现状进行了阐述,进而在外包理论的指导下给出了我国保险企业IT外包策略的选择。同时,结合风险评估方法、修正期望效用理论与项目风险管理技术,建立了一套IT外包项目风险管理模型。     

IT集成项目的风险评价与控制

本文就 IT集成项目的风险问题进行了系统研究和探讨 ,其内容包括 IT集成项目的特点、风险的产生与特征、预测和评价、防范和控制等。     

Managing Large-scale IT Projects: The Case of National Air Traffic Services' New En Route Centre at Swanwick

UK experience with implementation of high-profile IT projects has been rather unhappy, with projects tending to be severely delayed, to operate poorly and to be prone to escalating costs. There is therefore a need to understand better and to improve the management of such investments. This paper adopts a synthetic approach to analysing large-scale IT projects, drawing upon research on managing inflexible technology, project management and information technology implementation. The paper combines findings from these literatures to produce a detailed set of factors that are known to adversely affect ambitious software and other large-scale development projects. It employs a case study of software development at National Air Traffic Services' NERC project at Swanwick potentially to illustrate these. The paper finds that experience at Swanwick does indeed mirror many of the pitfalls predicted but also that the synthesis of approaches attempted enhances our understanding of the difficulties involved in managing large-scale IT projects perhaps rather better than univocal approaches.     

Plays nice with others? Multiple ecosystems,various roles and divergent engagement models

In strategic management, the term meta-organisation is discussed as a network of firms and individuals in which members coexist, collaborate and evolve through a set of relationships and together form a larger organism. We focus on the meta-organisation form of an ecosystem in the IT industry, which often is based around a technical architecture or platform. Studies often discuss one network and selected members in such a network, but few mention that firms can work in multiple ecosystems and need to apply divergent engagement models. We study how firms engage in multiple ecosystems through three qualitative case studies. The article contributes with the following: (1) firms often operate in multiple ecosystems for which they need to dynamically adapt their engagement strategy. (2) Firms are striving to balance between strategic divergences: power versus symbiosis and a collaborative approach versus a competitive approach.     

中国承接国际服务外包对产业结构水平影响研究——基于中国1991-2010年时间序列数据计量检验

国际服务外包作为全球服务产业转移的新浪潮为接包国产业结构的调整和升级提供了一次重要契机。本文采用中国1991-2010年时间序列数据,利用回归分析对中国承接国际服务外包与产业结构水平之间的关系进行了检验。检验结果表明中国承接国际服务外包能够显著地提高服务业的产业水平值,但是对整体产业结构升级以及第二产业的拉动作用不显著。     

From information technology to bioinformatics: Evolution of technological capabilities in India

This paper explores a trend in the development of innovation in emerging economies: exaptive technological capabilities. A growing proportion of innovation is originating in emerging economies that, being resource-constrained in a dynamic and uncertain environment, requires leveraging existing capabilities and recombining with new knowledge resources. An evolutionary biology model is applied to a process model whereby initial technological capabilities are renewed by the firm given an external selection event. Using a detailed case study across 6 years, this paper investigates the exaptation process of Information Technology (IT) capabilities into bioinformatics by an Indian IT firm, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). Findings suggest that just leveraging existing technological capabilities alone is a model set for failure. Such a tactic ignores the environment of the new technology application area. By investing in the needed complementary resources, TCS corrected its initial path to open source their software and offer consulting services on how to utilize the software and, thus, create intellectual property. These insights are valuable not only for the innovation management of traditional IT services to life sciences, but more broadly for firms in emerging economies that hope to renew and build exaptive technological capabilities to enter unforeseen new application areas by leveraging existing technological capabilities.     

中国企业物流业务外包的调查与分析

外包被广泛认为是企业降低运营成本,增强企业竞争力的最有效手段,特别是80和90年代以来,供应链物流领域是外包作业最为活跃的领域,这其中利用物流服务提供商从事相应的物流作业成为了一种重要的趋势.本文调查了中国数行业中120个企业的供应链物流业务的外包状况,分析探明了当前中国企业供应链物流业务外包的程度,以及专业物流业务运作中阻碍企业物流外包的主要问题.在主要的研究结论中,本文发现当前中国企业物流外包的关注已从物流简单功能转向服务和与成本相关的因素,此外,客户与第三方之间长期伙伴之间的形成,甚至共同整合物流业务也是当前物流发展的一种重要趋势.     

基于ISM的软件外包全过程风险结构实证分析

针对传统软件外包项目在风险管理活动中缺乏系统性和战略性的问题,提出了软件外包全过程风险管理的思想。采用系统工程的ISM方法,对项目全过程的风险进行了识别和因果关系判断,建立了软件外包全过程风险结构模型。对模型进行了分析,并对软件外包项目全过程管理提出了一些有益的建议。     

基于SWOT的黑龙江省服务外包行业选择的研究

在经济全球化加速发展和全球产业结构调整不断深化的背景下,国际生产分工体系日益完善。国际服务外包已经成为了当今世界上许多国家和地区发展经济,实现产业升级、优化外向型经济结构和提升服务贸易的战略选择。服务外包具有信息技术承载度高、附加值大、资源消耗低、环境污染少、吸纳就业能力强、国际化水平高等特点。在分析了黑龙江省发展服务外包产业的优势、劣势、面临的机遇和挑战的基础上,提出了黑龙江省发展服务外包重点行业选择的方法。     

从人民银行西安辖区两个案例看中央银行部分金融服务业务的外包

近几年 ,人民银行西安分行在推进后勤社会化 ,降低行政成本 ,提高行政效率方面取得了显著的成效。本文在总结国际上商业银行部分业务外包的基础上 ,结合 2 0 0 2年下半年《西安金融》部分工作人员外聘的实际情况和人行韩城市 (陕西 )支行城镇居民储蓄问卷工作委托给当地城调队的运行结果 ,提出央行可以继续探索将部分金融服务业务外包给专业机构 ,以降低运行成本 ,提高服务水平 ,更加聚精会神地履行好央行核心职能     

中国承接国际服务外包对产业结构水平影响研究——基于中国1991—2010年时间序列数据计量检验

国际服务外包作为全球服务产业转移的新浪潮为接包国产业结构的调整和升级提供了一次重要契机。本文采用中国1991—2010年时间序列数据,利用回归分析对中国承接国际服务外包与产业结构水平之间的关系进行了检验。检验结果表明中国承接国际服务外包能够显著地提高服务业的产业水平值,但是对整体产业结构升级以及第二产业的拉动作用不显著。     

Client, User and Architect Interactions in Construction: Implications for Analysing Innovative Outcomes from User-Producer Interactions in Projects

Three case studies of user/client-architect interaction, and their implications for an understanding of the design and innovation process in capital goods projects, are considered in this paper. The studies presented include a major 'City Challenge'-funded social housing development programme in the UK, a housing co-operative-driven workplace and housing scheme associated with the same programme and a new building for the business school of a major UK university. Reflecting upon existing literature on user-producer relationships, the paper draws two key conclusions from the case studies that add to this literature. The first points to the need to account for the broader strategic motivations of agents within projects. Two of the case studies describe how innovation driven by the architects involved exceeded the original requirements of the client, and in so doing reveal architects to be oriented toward non-project specific goals. The second conclusion focuses on the user/client and points to the importance of a strong and coherent 'customer vision' in 'enabling' the client to determine project outcomes more fully. Following from these conclusions, it is argued that an analysis of client/ user-producer interactions needs to account more fully for the effects of longer-term strategic planning by agents.     

我国承接国际服务外包的战略选择：风险及其规避

国际服务外包有较高的失败率。失败率是与服务外包过程中所面临各种风险紧密联系在一起的。我国服务外包市场有其特殊的风险因素,重点的风险因素主要包括以下几个方面:服务外包人力资源风险,主要表现为高离职率、文化障碍和沟通效率低、企业人才结构风险;服务外包知识产权保护风险,包括对软件的保护存在不足、执法力度不够、国外企业缺乏信任、海外媒体存在误解;服务外包企业的信息安全风险;发展服务外包的政策风险,包括税收、认证制度、公共服务等。     

HR外包服务商在劳动关系中的功能研究

激烈的产品市场竞争和波动性的劳动力市场供求关系,推动着企业在不断调整其人力资源获取和管理中的制度选择。HR外包服务商为企业降低用工成本,提升组织柔性提供了必要的外部支持[1]。本研究分析了具有不同组织特征的HR外包服务商对客户企业内部劳动关系的影响作用,同时比较了外包商与工会和企业的HR部门在劳动关系中的功能差异;其研究结论反映了HR外包商在企业劳动关系发展中的功能定位,从而为人才外包服务产业的可持续发展指出了方向。     

Client,User and Architect Interactions in Construction: Implications for Analysing Innovative Outcomes from User-Producer Interactions in Projects

Three case studies of user/client-architect interaction, and their implications for an understanding of the design and innovation process in capital goods projects, are considered in this paper. The studies presented include a major 'City Challenge'-funded social housing development programme in the UK, a housing co-operative-driven workplace and housing scheme associated with the same programme and a new building for the business school of a major UK university. Reflecting upon existing literature on user-producer relationships, the paper draws two key conclusions from the case studies that add to this literature. The first points to the need to account for the broader strategic motivations of agents within projects. Two of the case studies describe how innovation driven by the architects involved exceeded the original requirements of the client, and in so doing reveal architects to be oriented toward non-project specific goals. The second conclusion focuses on the user/client and points to the importance of a strong and coherent 'customer vision' in 'enabling' the client to determine project outcomes more fully. Following from these conclusions, it is argued that an analysis of client/ user-producer interactions needs to account more fully for the effects of longer-term strategic planning by agents.     

Solving a vendor–buyer integrated problem with rework and a specific multi-delivery policy by a two-phase algebraic approach

This paper is concerned with solving a vendor–buyer integrated inventory problem with rework and a specific multi-delivery policy by a two-phase algebraic approach. Conventional method to the problem is to use differential calculus and Hessian matrix equations to prove convexity of system cost function first before determining the optimal production–shipment policy for such a vendor–buyer integrated system (Chiu et al., 2013b). This study presents an alternative two-phase algebraic approach to derive the same optimal policy. The proposed straightforward algebraic derivations can assist practitioners who may not have sufficient knowledge of calculus in understanding with ease such a real life vendor–buyer integrated system.     

Ex post adaptations and hybrid contracts in software development services

We follow the recent literature on ex post adaptations in procurement and argue that highly volatile specifications result in multiple variations of fixed price (FP) and time and materials (T&M) contracts. Specifically, placing a cap on specification change in FP contracts prevents specification volatility, similar to the way that placing a cap on the price in T&M contracts prevents price escalation. We argue that these hybrid mechanisms are particularly important in software development contracting, a new critical business capability involving frequent and costly ex post adaptations to specification change. The level of completeness in these contractual archetypes is hypothesized to be determined by contracting costs and benefits, where costs are related to project uncertainty and benefits are related to the likelihood of vendor opportunism. We test this hypothesis with a unique data set of 270 software development contracts entered into by a leading international bank. The analysis confirms the existence of multiple hybrid contracts that mitigate both price escalation and specification volatility. It also shows that contracting costs and benefits explain more variance in contract choice when these hybrids are included, uncovering the detailed mechanisms used to curb opportunism when the vendor is less familiar to the client.     

离岸外包风险基金建立的外部条件及其管理初探

服务外包企业在承接的离岸外包业务中潜藏着一系列的风险。建立离岸外包风险基金可以增强我国服务外包企业抵御各种风险的实力及水平。本文客观分析了离岸外包风险基金建立的外部条件并对加强离岸外包风险基金的管理进行了探讨。