上市商业银行股权结构与经营业绩关系的文献综述

股权结构作为影响银行管理机制的一个因素,能够从根本上决定银行的经营业绩。国内外学者关于银行股权结构和其经营业绩关系的研究主要形成了4种观点:股权结构与经营业绩成负相关、股权结构与经营业绩成正相关、股权结构与经营业绩成倒U型关系、股权结构与经营业绩无关。这些研究对于我们深刻认识股权结构与银行经营业绩的关系有重要参考价值。     

股权结构与公司绩效关系的分析与研究

随着企业管理理论的发展，股权结构已经成为公司治理研究的重要内容，股权结构是否合理直接影响公司绩效。文章就我国上市公司股权结构与公司绩效关系进行了理论分析和相关性检验。     

上证农林牧渔业上市公司股权结构与经营绩效关系的实证分析

一、引言.现代企业理论研究表明，股权结构是公司治理组织结构的产权基础。良好的股权结构能优化公司董事会构成，影响股东的行为，有效地激励和约束经理人员，促进公司形成相互制衡的治理结构，从而提高公司经营绩效，实现公司价值的最大化。关于股权结构与公司绩效关系的研究始于1932年Bede和Means的著作《私有产权和现代企业》。在这篇开创性的著作中，作者探讨了股权分散和公司经理人制度所引发的委托一代理关系问题。继Berle＆Means之后，国外许多学者对股权结构与公司绩效关系进行了研究。     

股权结构影响上市公司绩效的实证研究

股权结构与公司绩效之间的关系一直是研究的重点,结论的不一致使得两者的关系始终保持着研究价值.本文选用我国A股上市公司的数据,以2008-2010年为时间窗口,研究发现内部人持股及大股东持股与公司绩效之间呈倒U型关系,同时发现机构投资者持股与企业绩效之间呈现显著的正向关系.这个结果证实公司绩效是股权结构的函数,为我国企业合理安排股权结构提供借鉴,也进一步丰富了股权结构与公司绩效的研究.     

股权结构与公司业绩研究——以浙江上市公司为例

上市公司的股权结构与公司业绩之间的关系一直是学术界讨论的话题，而上市公司业绩不佳成为我国证券市场健康发展的障碍之一已是不争的事实。上市公司业绩亏损的原因众多，但股权结构不合理导致公司治理效率的低下是其重要原因之一。因此，研究股权结构与公司业绩之间的相互关系，寻求合理的股权结构，对于解决我国国有企业改革中的股权分置问题有重要的参考价值。     

多元化股权结构与上市公司治理的实证研究

股权结构是公司治理的基础，公司治理又决定着公司经营绩效，股权结构、公司治理、经营绩效三者之间存在着密切的关系，只有股权结构合理才可能形成完善公司治理结构，进而才能保证公司良好的经营绩效。合理安排上市公司的股权结构、解决国家股一股独大的局面是改善公司治理结构的首要努力方向。本文拟通过股权制衡度与公司业绩的相关数量分析以及对我国上市公司股权结构的实证研究，就如何安排设计合理的股权结构提出建议，     

关于优化我国上市公司治理结构问题的思考——基于股权结构视角

股权结构是公司治理结构的基础。我国推行股权分置改革旨在优化上市公司的股权结构,提高公司治理效率。股权分置改革后上市公司股权结构发生了变化,文章通过研究后股权改革时代上市公司治理存在的缺陷,分析股权结构与上市公司治理结构的关系,提出了优化股权结构,改善公司治理的途径与措施。     

对国有股与企业绩效经验研究的综述及思考

该文对近年来国内关于股权结构与企业绩效的研究成果作了综述,发现经验研究并没有对国有股与企业绩效关系的一致性解释。在综述的基础上,对股权结构与绩效关系研究中存在的问题提出几点思考。     

上市公司股权结构与治理效率的实证分析

股权结构作为上市公司治理体系的产权基础 ,对上市公司的治理效率起着重要的作用。本文从股权集中度和股权构成两个角度出发 ,首先通过大量的数据论证了中国上市公司股权结构的现状 ,进而在总结有关研究文献基础上分析了股权结构与公司治理效率的关系 ,并对中国上市公司股权结构与治理效率的关系进行了实证检验 ,最终提出改进我国上市公司股权结构的基本思路 ,即建立一个股权相对集中又有一定制衡、国家股逐渐退出、对非公共产品领域上市公司控制的新型股权结构     

论股权结构对企业治理与绩效的影响关系

股权结构对公司治理机制和绩效的影响关系是研究企业成长与价值的先导性的重要问题,文章通过外生和内生多个视角对股权结构与企业治理和绩效的影响关系进行综合性研究,从建立科学完善的股权结构的视角提出提升国内企业价值的研究结论。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。