FDI对内资企业的技术进步门槛效应研究

外商直接投资(FDI)对于东道国内资企业技术进步的影响存在争议,本文采用1998-2007年我国制造业企业层面数据,运用Hansen门槛模型实证检验了行业内和行业间FDI对内资企业技术进步的影响。实证结果显示FDI技术进步溢出效应主要发生在行业间而不是行业内:FDI与行业间前向溢出效应呈现"U"形关系,而行业内水平溢出效应和行业间后向溢出效应并不显著。进一步从FDI来源异质性层面分析,发现港澳台资本产生的技术溢出效应并不显著,而西方资本产生的后向溢出效应呈现"U"形关系。本文探究了FDI垂直溢出效应的非线性关系,为我国进一步深化改革,扩大资本市场开放有重要指导意义。     

股权质押、公司治理与公司成长性的关系研究

当前,我国资本市场发展迅速,大量上市公司的股东为了获得资金而选择股权质押,而资本市场关于股权质押的相关制度建设并不完善,这严重危害了公司及投资者利益.基于此,本文以2009-2018年我国沪深A股上市公司为样本,实证研究了股权质押与公司成长性之间的关系,同时引入了公司治理这一调节变量.实证研究发现:股权质押与公司成长性...     

集团背景下科技企业债务融资对创新投入的影响——基于沪深A股高科技上市企业的经验证据

选取深沪上市集团中高科技企业数据,实证检验集团背景下债务融资是否具有促进企业创新投入的"积极投资假说"效应;在不同产权性质与组织结构下,验证了集团内部资本市场对"挑选胜者"效应的中介作用;最后,实证检验了集团内部资本市场在发挥关联担保效应中的调节作用。该研究结论丰富了集团背景下债务融资与创新投入关系的研究。     

集团背景下科技企业债务融资对创新投入的影响

选取深沪上市集团中高科技企业数据,实证检验集团背景下债务融资是否具有促进企业创新投入的“积极投资假说”效应;在不同产权性质与组织结构下,验证了集团内部资本市场对“挑选胜者”效应的中介作用;最后,实证检验了集团内部资本市场在发挥关联担保效应中的调节作用。该研究结论丰富了集团背景下债务融资与创新投入关系的研究。     

资本市场与经济增长关系的理论与实证分析

文章首先从理论上分析了资本市场发展与经济增长的内在规律 ,揭示了资本市场影响经济增长的三大机制 ;进而从实证上研究了我国自改革开放以来资本市场的发展对经济增长的作用和贡献。实证分析的结果表明 ,迄今为止 ,我国资本市场的发展对经济增长的作用和贡献是很微弱的 ,甚至是负面的影响 ,这与主流的观点是相违背的。     

浅谈实证会计的理论基础

20世纪70年代以来，实证研究方法成为西方会计理论界的主流。当前。我国一些青年学者也开始尝试用实证方法来研究资本市场上的一些会计问题。可以预计，实证会计研究将成为我国会计研究方面的一个新趋势。     

资本市场发展影响货币需求的实证研究

从理论上分析,资本市场发展对货币需求存在正向影响的财富效应和负向影响的替代效应,但对中国的资本市场发展及货币需求数据进行实证分析发现,资本市场发展提高了经济体的货币需求;股票成交金额的变动有助于我们对于狭义货币供应量的预测,不过在统计上无助于我们对于广义货币供应量的预测。考虑到资本市场发展因素,货币政策从紧的力度应该比单纯考虑实体经济货币需求的从紧力度略松。     

中国股市财富效应现状及制约因素分析

随着资本市场对我国经济影响日渐增强,研究股市财富效应并创造有利条件让其发挥对促进我国经济增长方式转变意义重大。先从消费函数角度解释股市财富效应,再对2001年至今的股市财富与消费的关系进行了实证研究。最后分析了制约我国股市财富效应的因素,并总结了相应改善对策。     

公司资本结构动态调整的实证研究

由于交易成本的存在,公司资本结构的调整应是一个动态过程。以我国上市公司数据为样本,采用动态面板数据的系统GMM估计。实证分析我国上市公司资本结构动态调整的成本和影响因素。实证结果表明,我国公司资本结构调整的成本较低,主要归因于中国企业债券市场极其不发达,企业债务绝大部分是由商业信用和银行贷款等私债组成,因此,大力发展资本市场,完善资本市场法律制度建设对我国上市公司资本结构调整有重大意义。     

会计信息可比性与上市公司业绩预告外溢效应

现有信息披露对资本市场影响的实证研究主要集中研究公司信息披露与自身股价之间的关系。本文对我国上市公司2007—2017年发布的业绩预告的信息外溢效应进行了检验,发现上市公司业绩预告对行业内其他公司的市场反应具有显著解释力,表明我国资本市场业绩预告存在信息外溢现象。并且,公司间会计信息可比性越高,外溢效应越显著,表明会计信息可比性促进了公司间的信息传递,对投资者股票交易具有决策参考意义。进一步检验发现,可比性对信息外溢效应的促进作用在市场竞争更激烈的公司中更为显著。此外,预告公司和非预告公司的信息环境对信息传递的影响有所差异。本文研究结论为我国资本市场外部性现象提供经验证据,对于信息披露质量要求以及披露监管政策研究具有启示意义。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

Types of technology

Technology is a concept rife with confusion. Here, I argue that technologies can be distinguished as a combination of type of producer and an idealized artefact life history. Using this definition, a number of technologies are identified. The first technology historically, in the Protostomes, was the production of individual or family dwellings. Next came objects such as spider webs for trapping prey. Stigmergy followed, with the social insects, as a collective endeavour to construct a mega-structure using simple rules of accretion. Some birds and primates began to make tools, or simple technological objects whose function is closely related to their form. Humans are distinguished by their ability to make machines. Traditional technology took place once people voluntarily organised into groups with specialised knowledge to produce more complex objects and structures. Monumental objects like ceremonial pyramids came with the command economies of the early agrarian societies, which also resulted in a new category of artefact, the network. Finally, with modern civilizations came ad hoc accretion, or population-level adding-on, to make truly complex technological systems. Developing a theoretical framework within which artefacts, production processes and ways of interacting with them are identified should help the study of technology to become more scientific.