我国《反不正当竞争法》一般条款之完善论略

《反不正当竞争法》是我国第一部调整市场竞争行为的专门法律,对我国建立公平诚信的市场经济秩序发挥了重大作用,但随着市场经济竞争的日趋激烈,又出现了各种新型的不正当竞争行为,依据现行的《反不正当竞争法》无法有效地予以规制,因此,为加强对市场竞争主体的保护和对正常市场竞争秩序的维护,营造公平竞争的市场竞争环境,急需完善《反不正当竞争法》的一些规定,尤其是《反不正当竞争法》的一般条款。     

反不正当竞争法一般条款的适用

我国现行的《反不正当竞争法》对不正当竞争行为采取的是列举的方式,无法对当前市场经济发展过程中出现的各种新类型的不正当竞争行为纳入到法律的调整范围,存在一定的缺陷,因此,有必要规定完善的一般条款灵活应对可能出现的新情况。本文论述了我国《反不正当竞争法》一般条款的现状以及借鉴国外先进立法经验对我国《反不正当竞争法》的一般条款。     

浅析完善我国反不正当竞争法律制度

为鼓励公平竞争、反对不正当竞争、保护经营者和消费者的合法权益，促进社会主义市场经济的健康发展，我国颁布了《反不正当竞争法》。《反不正当竞争法》的出台，为市场经济的发展发挥了重要作用。伴随着我国市场经济的迅速发展和市场体系日益完善，加上激烈的市场竞争，许多新的不正当竞争行为逐渐暴露在我们面前，并且表现还很突出。而《反不正当竞争法》所规范的不正当竞争行为及法律责任与现实经济生活运行存在着明显的脱节，出现了一系列的问题。这就使得反不正当竞争法律制度亟待完善。     

对我国竞争立法的几点思考

市场需要竞争,而竞争权利滥用(包括不正当竞争行为和限制竞争行为)显然是对市场经济秩序的一种破坏。对此,世界各国相应地制定反不正当竞争法与反限制竞争法(反垄断法)加以规制。相对而言,我国的竞争法律制度起步晚,1993年出台的《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》成为我国竞争法体系中的基本法律。它以反不正当竞争为重点,兼任某些反垄断任务,目前其不科学性与滞后性在司法实践     

不正当竞争的定义和构成要件

我国《反不正当竞争法》所称的不正当竞争 ,是指经营者违反《反不正当竞争法》的规定 ,损害其他经营者的合法权益 ,扰乱社会经济秩序的行为。从理论上分析 ,一项行为要构成不正当竞争 ,必须具备如下三个条件 :1、行为主体是经营者。这里的经营者系指从事商品经营或营利性服务的法人、其他经济组织和个人。但是 ,根据我国《反不正当竞争法》的具体规定 ,某些非经营者也可能成为不正当竞争的行为主体。比如 ,滥用行政权力限制竞争的政府及其所属部门 ,虽然 ,它们的性质是国家行政机关 ,而非经营者 ,但同样是不正当竞争的行为主体。2、行为本身…     

网络时代虚假宣传的规制

一般而言,经营者必须向消费者全面宣传自己的产品,通过广告等方式展现自己产品的优势和特色,才能在市场竞争中脱颖而出。随着互联网和电子商务的发展,越来越多的经营者将宣传重心放在了网络上,网络宣传的低成本和广范围使得互联网成为了宣传的又一大平台,"团购网"、"秒杀商品"充斥着大量的宣传,而这些商业宣传行为有没有构成不正当竞争,我国现行的《反不正当竞争法》能否对其进行规制,都需要对我国现行的规定进行分析。虚假宣传作为典型的不正当竞争行为,对其进行分析,无疑能反映出竞争法发展的一个侧面。笔者分析了现行立法对虚假宣传行为的规制和问题,希望通过此,反映出当前《反不正当竞争法》的缺陷,助益《反不正当竞争法》的修订和竞争理论的完善。     

立法、守法、执法──关于实施《反不正当竞争法》的思考

立法、守法、执法──关于实施《反不正当竞争法》的思考李恩平，李沁生《反不正当竞争法》的实施已有半年，但是假冒伪劣产品仍充斥市场，损害消费者合法权益的事仍时有发生，虚假广告、侵权伪造等现象依然存在，种种不正当竞争行为尚不能有效打击与制裁。这说明，《反不...     

垄断、竞争与市场规制：美国的经验与中国的实践

经济学上的垄断是指对市场的控制和干预,它包括企业垄断和政府垄断,垄断的危害极大,各国法律对其限制严格。我国现有的《反不正当竞争法》不足以限制垄断行为,尤其是政府经济垄断;美国《反托拉斯法》的经济与法律思想及其实施给我们提供了一个很好的参考模式,因此,借鉴美国的经验,修订和完善《反不正当竞争法》规范政府垄断行为,是建立完善的市场经济秩序的重要保证。     

浅析《反不正当竞争法》存在缺陷与完善

《反不正当竞争法》颁布至今已有20年,20年来《反不正当竞争法》在社会主义市场经济中发挥会了重要的作用,但随着时间的推移,市场经济不断地完善,《反不正当竞争法》已经暴露出很多问题,不能有效的维护社会主义市场秩序,已经不适应经济和社会的发展和变化,应对其进行修改和完善。     

网络上不正当竞争行为的法律适用与立法完善

网络法律规范的不健全 ,是导致域名抢注、视框链接、设置元标记等网络不正当竞争行为泛滥的重要原因。要从根本上遏制网络上的不正当竞争行为 ,必须对《反不正当竞争法》进行相应的修改与完善     

Populism,Fairness and Competition: Should We Care and What Could We Do?

The rise of populism in a number of countries is one of the most visible signs of the weakening of enthusiasm for trade liberalization and market competition. Market competition is increasingly denounced as leading to unfair results by those who lose jobs, and in some cases risk losing their employment prospects because of the pressure of competition, or those who see their wages stagnate or be reduced. Their perception is that pro‐competitive policies benefit capitalists and a small coterie of highly skilled workers to the detriment of the low‐skilled majority. In a number of countries there have been calls by politicians to reconsider the trade liberalization policy which was actively pursued in recent decades and to change the standard applied by competition law enforcers from a strict consumer welfare standard to a consideration of the trade‐off between efficiency and fairness. The competition community has, to a large extent, strongly resisted such possibilities, arguing that protectionist policies had failed in the past and that the concept of fairness is at best vague, lack economic foundation, and could lead to a weakening of incentives to achieve efficient static and dynamic performances. The article examines three issues related to this debate. First, we examine the theoretical and practical reasons for which some categories of workers lose in the competitive process. Second, we discuss the relationship between inequality and fairness and the contribution of behavioural economics to the exploration of what people consider to be fair or unfair in vertical relationships (i.e. between employees and employers or between consumers and suppliers). Third, we discuss alternative ways in which competition authorities could reconcile fairness and efficiency in their advocacy or enforcement activities.     

网络环境下的不正当竞争及其规制

网络环境下的不正当竞争主要发生在电子商务中。电子商务的健康发展需要市场主体间的正当竞争，排斥不正当竞争。电子商务实践中存在着诸如主体混同、商誉侵权、侵犯商业秘密、域名抢注以及垄断等不正当竞争行为，桎梏了电子商务的发展。对此应当从充分利用现有立法规制和不断完善立法约束两个方面寻求对策。     

关于收入分配若干问题探析

在经济快速发展的同时,我国居民收入分配格局发生重大变化,收入分配不公的问题日益凸显。特别是新世纪以来,收入分配差距急剧拉大,收入分配不公已成为制约我国社会和谐稳定以及经济持续发展的突出问题。面对我国日趋严峻的收入分配不公现象,有许多问题值得深入分析和思考。收入差据拉大不能简单等同于收入分配不公,导致收入差距不断拉大的原因比差距拉大本身更值得关注;我国的收入分配不公以不同的形式表现在初次分配环节和再分配环节,初次分配环节的严重不公制约了再分配的公平。制约税收调节收入差距不力的因素不仅仅限于税收的立法与执法,而是有更深刻的根源。行政垄断、腐败等原因形成的收入差距税收杠杆是无效或低效的,政府收入不规范导致税收的公平分配力度偏弱。     

Does NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) Chapter 19 make a difference? Dispute settlement and the incentive structure of U.S./Canada unfair trade petitions

NAFTA Chapter 19 sets up bilateral review panels to replace the domestic judicial appeals process of resolving disputes among NAFTA members over the enforcement of unfair trade laws. In principle, such panels can change the incentive structure of filing unfair trade law petitions by reducing the likelihood of an affirmative finding of injurious unfair trade. Using data from U.S. and Canadian unfair trade petition filings, empirical tests show support for this hypothesis. However, a more comprehensive settlement of conflicts will require progressive legal integration, including an extension of national treatment measures to alleged "unfair trade" that is not currently envisaged under the NAFTA.     

广告活动中不正当竞争行为规制研究

当前中国广告界存在种种不正当竞争现象,严重干扰了广告市场的竞争秩序,成为中国广告业国际化正常进程的一大障碍.这些现象产生的根源具有多元性的特点,而其中最重要的则是因为相关的竞争制度不健全.因此,当前亟需加强对中国广告活动主体之间竞争制度的研究.     

Study on the use of trade barrier of anti-dumping in China

WTO allows its members to use anti-dumping barrier to combat unfair competition. Nowadays, anti-dumping barrier has been dominant protective trade measure in the world, while in China, this measure is still not fully used and at low level. For the purpose of protecting domestic industries and enhancing national welfare, China should use this barrier cautiously and construct its own anti-dumping system at the same time.     

HOW TO RECTIFY UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES AND TO ESTABLISH APPROPRIATE SUPPLY CHAINS AND BETTER BUSINESS CULTURE UNDER THE GLOBAL MARKET ECONOMY

Banning unfair trade practices stands alongside private monopolization and the unjust restraint of trade as a key theme in competition policy. However, it poses much greater difficulties to deal with the matter than either private monopolization or unjust restraint of trade. In recent years, ongoing economic globalization, advances in information communication technology and other factors have wrought major changes in the traditional supply chain: for example, in subcontracting structure. Given the role of small and medium enterprises in underpinning economic growth, lifting the basic quality and performance level of these firms and improving business conditions for them have emerged as key policy themes. New efforts are needed to establish fair trade as a business practice and to create a new business culture in corporation with competition policy, small and medium enterprise policy and business ethics, such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices.     

垄断福利的法经济学分析

垄断福利是国有经济占控制地位的公用企业以及依法具有独占地位的经营者所在的垄断性行业长期以来一直存在的问题。其产生和存在有复杂的背景:行业自身的垄断性和行政权力的不合理干预;社会分配的不公平;相关社会主体成本效益观念的错位。由此,可以从以下几方面进行治理:引入竞争机制打破垄断,从源头上遏止"垄断福利";加强对垄断行业的监督与审计;规范社会分配制度,矫正相关社会主体的成本效益观念。     

新保险法实施对保险业的影响

修订后的新保险法以投保人、被保险人、受益人的利益保护作为基本立足点,同时加强了保险监管机构的监管权限。新保险法为保险业的发展和核心竞争力的提高奠定了法律基础。新保险法实施对保险业的运营产生重要影响,会导致运营成本提高,不少人寿保险产品纷纷停售即与此有关,保险业挑战与机遇并存。保险业应采取有效措施进行应对。     

从自由竞争权到公平竞争权——市场主体竞争权的现代性话语

市场主体的竞争权经历了从自由竞争权到公平竞争权的发展历程。公平竞争权是指市场主体在经济竞争过程中所享有的开展自由、公平竞争的权利,它是竞争自由与竞争公平的统一体,是竞争法的基石范畴,是一项具有社会法性质的权利。由于我国现阶段市场主体公平竞争权缺失,为了实现竞争权的成功转型,需要由竞争法明确赋予市场主体以公平竞争权。