沙美特罗联合丙酸氟替卡松治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病60例疗效观察

目的探讨沙美特罗联合丙酸氟替卡松治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床效果。方法选取我院2011年1月至2013年1月收治的120例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者进行分组研究,每组60例。对照组患者采用常规治疗,试验组患者在对照组的基础上增加沙美特罗联合丙酸氟替卡松治疗。对两组患者肺功能以及血气分析进行观察和比较。结果临床研究结果显示,试验组患者的肺功能以及血气分析指标改善程度均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用沙美特罗联合丙酸氟替卡松对慢性阻塞肺疾病患者进行治疗,效果明显,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂联合孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效观察

目的探讨沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂联合孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效。方法选取2010年11月至2013年11月我院所收治的84例咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿,将其分为3组,沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂组患儿每日吸入2次沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂;孟鲁司特钠组患儿每日吸入1次孟鲁司特钠;联合治疗组患儿每日吸入2次沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂,同时每日吸入1次孟鲁司特钠,疗程均为8周。结果联合治疗组治疗后症状积分明显低于孟鲁司特钠组、沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孟鲁司特钠组复发7例(25.0%),沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂组复发6例(21.4%),联合治疗组复发3例(10.7%),可见联合治疗组复发率最低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘治疗而言,应用沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂联合孟鲁司特钠临床疗效较佳,无不良反应及并发症。     

噻托溴铵改善COPD患者急性期临床症状的疗效和药理分析

目的研究和分析噻托溴铵改善COPD患者急性期临床症状的疗效。方法选取2011年5月~2012年4月收治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期患者88例,按照双盲随机法将患者分成观察组和对照组,每组各44例。两组患者均采用吸氧、止咳、平喘、化痰、抗感染等常规治疗,观察组在此基础上加用药物噻托溴铵进行治疗;对照组在此基础上加用布地奈德与硫酸特布他林药物进行雾化吸入治疗。在治疗结束后,将两组患者肺功能改善的程度进行比较。结果观察组患者肺功能改善指标明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论噻托溴铵治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性期患者效果明显,能改善患者的肺功能,缓解临床症状,有效提高患者的生活质量。另外,在治疗期间,患者出现不良情况较少,值得在临床推广与应用。     

噻托溴铵治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病临床分析

目的研究噻托溴铵在稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病治疗中的临床效果。方法选择2011年9月至2012年12月在我院收治的80例稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者,随机分为研究组和对照组,对照组患者给予适量博利康尼片进行治疗,研究组给予适量噻托溴铵进行治疗,对两组患者的临床治疗效果进行对比分析。结果两组患者经过治疗后,6秒步行距离、呼吸状况、肺功能及生活质量均得到改善,且研究组患者的各项指标改善情况明显优于对照组,两组对比差异显著,存在统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者给予噻托溴铵进行治疗,不仅能够对患者6秒步行距离、肺功能起到有效的改善作用,同时使患者的生活质量得到提高,值得在临床实际中推广和使用。     

中西医结合治疗肺尘埃沉着病合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的疗效

目的探讨噻托溴铵联合黄根片治疗肺尘埃沉着病合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的临床疗效。方法选取2017年12月至2019年2月郴州市疾病预防控制中心收治的肺尘埃沉着病合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者157例为观察组,选取同期郴州市疾病预防控制中心收治的肺尘埃沉着病合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者143例为对照组。两组均予以吸氧、止咳祛痰平喘、肺灌洗、预防感染、康复训练等常规对症治疗。对照组患者吸入噻托溴铵粉雾剂,观察组在对照组基础上口服黄根片。比较治疗前后两组中医临床症状积分、肺功能、生命质量评分及血清白细胞介素(IL-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平。结果治疗前,两组中医临床症状积分、用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1)、每分钟最大通气量(MVV)、生命质量评分及血清IL-1、TNF-α水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组FVC、FEV1及MVV高于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组各中医临床症状积分,症状、活动受限、疾病影响评分及生命质量总评分,血清IL-1、TNF-α水平低于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论噻托溴铵联合黄根片治疗肺尘埃沉着病合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者可改善其临床症状与肺功能,提高生命质量。     

激素联合孟鲁司特治疗小儿支气管哮喘的临床效果

目的探讨激素(沙美特罗替卡松)联合孟鲁司特治疗小儿支气管哮喘的临床效果。方法选取沈阳医学院附属中心医院儿科救治的小儿支气管哮喘患者共132例为研究对象,根据是否接受激素治疗分为激素联合治疗组(沙美特罗替卡松联合孟鲁司特治疗)62例患儿和对照组(仅接受孟鲁司特)70例患儿,观察比较两组患儿用药前后的肺功能、哮喘控制评分以及临床疗效,并检测结果进行统计学比较。结果用药后,激素联合治疗组FEV1、FVC、PEF及ACT评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);激素联合治疗组患儿的临床总有效率(95.2%)明显高于对照组(81.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);激素联合治疗组患儿的药物不良反应(4.8%)与对照组(4.3%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论激素沙美特罗替卡松联合孟鲁司特不仅能够迅速缓解小儿支气管哮喘患儿的症状和肺功能,还能有效控制哮喘病情,是小儿支气管哮喘较为理想的疗法。     

噻托溴铵粉联合多索茶碱治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者临床疗效及其对肺功能的影响

目的探讨噻托溴铵粉联合多索茶碱治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的临床效果及其对肺功能的影响。方法选取2015年3月至2018年3月辽宁省朝阳市第四医院收治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者90例为研究对象,按照入院时间随机分为对照组与试验组,每组45例。对照组患者采用多索茶碱进行治疗,试验组患者在此基础上加用噻托溴铵粉进行治疗,比较两组患者的生活质量评分(社会活动分、日常生活分、抑郁分以及焦虑分)、肺功能指标(用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气容积、第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量的比值)、临床疗效、不良反应情况。结果经过治疗,试验组患者各项生活质量评分明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);试验组患者用力肺活量、第1秒用力呼气容积、第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量的比值明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);试验组患者的治疗总有效率为97.78%,明显高于对照组的77.78%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组患者不良反应发生率为13.33%,明显低于对照组的31.11%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论噻托溴铵粉联合多索茶碱治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病可显著提高患者的临床治疗效果,还能改善患者的各项肺功能指标与生活质量,降低不良反应发生率。     

孟鲁斯特联合沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效

目的：探讨孟鲁斯特联合沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效。方法选取2012年8月至2013年9月我院收治的支气管哮喘患者120例,根据不同治疗方法分为给予孟鲁斯特联合沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂治疗的A组、孟鲁斯特单药治疗的B组、沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂单药治疗的C组,检测3组患者的气道功能、炎性因子水平。结果治疗4周后,A组患者的最大呼气量（PEF）、第一秒钟用力呼气容积与用力肺活量的百分比（FEV1/FVC%）均高于B组和C组;A组患者的PEF昼夜变异率以及白细胞介素-5（IL-5）、白细胞介素-17（IL-17）、白细胞介素-33（IL-33）水平均低于B组和C组。结论孟鲁斯特联合沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂治疗能有效改善气道功能、抑制炎性反应,是治疗支气管哮喘的理想方法。     

复方异丙托溴铵雾化吸入治疗慢性阻塞性肺病疗效观察

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病采用复方异丙托溴铵雾化吸入治疗效果。方法本次研究选择的对象共100例,均为我院收治的慢性阻塞性肺病患者,随机按观察组和对照组各50例,对照组采用沙丁胺醇雾化吸入治疗,观察组采有复方异丙托溴铵雾化吸入治疗,回顾两组临床资料。结果观察组临床总有效率为98%,对照组临床总有效率为78%,观察组显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论慢性阻塞性肺病采用复方异丙托溴铵雾化吸入治疗,可显著提高临床效果,加快患者康复进程。     

氨溴特罗联合复方异丙托溴铵治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的临床疗效

目的探讨氨溴特罗联合复方异丙托溴铵治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的临床疗效。方法收集2013年5月至2014年5月本院收治的270例毛细支气管炎患儿资料,将患儿随机分为研究组和对照组。对照组134例患儿给予常规治疗,研究组136例患儿在此基础上给予氨溴特罗联合复方异丙托溴铵治疗,比较两组患儿治疗效果及症状消失时间。结果研究组患儿总有效率为97.1%,明显高于对照组的80.6%;且研究组患儿各症状消失时间均少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论氨溴特罗联合复方异丙托溴铵治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的疗效确切,可有效缩短症状消失时间。     

Seretide: a pharmacoeconomic analysis

Abstract

Background: The costs of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the two most common chronic respiratory illnesses, are substantial and rising. The fixed-dose combination of fluticasone and salmeterol has been a safe and effective therapy for these diseases.

Objectives: To review the pharmacoeconomic impact of the fixed-dose combination of inhaled fluticasone and salmeterol in asthma and COPD.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out to identify pharmacoeconomic studies with fixed-dose salmeterol and fluticasone (Seretide, Advair, Viani). In addition, abstracts from recent respiratory meetings were sought, and any unpublished data were requested from the manufacturer.

Results: For asthma, when compared to treatment with inhaled corticosteroid monotherapy and antileukotrienes, alone or combined, salmeterol/fluticasone inhalation produced a higher proportion of successfully treated weeks, improvement in lung function and quality of life, and fewer treatment failures. The costs per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for fluticasone/salmeterol have been favourable not only in patients with moderate to severe disease but also in patients with mild disease or patients not previously treated with a maintenance therapy. The excess cost per QALY varied from US$2,670 to US$26,445. For COPD, a clear reduction in exacerbation rates and improvement in quality of life has been demonstrated with salmeterol/fluticasone along with a likely improvement in survival rates. The incremental cost per QALY ratio for fluticasone/salmeterol against placebo ranged from US$9,512 to US$64,038.

Conclusions: The data currently available suggest that the cost effectiveness of combination therapy with fluticasone and salmeterol is favourable for asthma and COPD in a variety of clinical settings.     

Respiratory-related medical expenditure and inpatient utilisation among COPD patients receiving long-acting bronchodilator therapy

Abstract

Objective:

To evaluate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related expenditure and hospitalisation in COPD patients treated with tiotropium versus alternative long-acting bronchodilators (LABDs).

Methods:

Data were from the Thomson Reuters MarketScan Research Databases. COPD patients ≥35 years with at least one LABD claim between July 1, 2004 and June 30, 2006 were classified into five cohorts based on index LABD: monotherapy with tiotropium, salmeterol/fluticasone propionate, formoterol fumarate, or salmeterol or combination therapy. Demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated for a 6-month pre-period and COPD-related utilisation and total costs were evaluated for a 12-month follow-up period. LABD relationship to COPD-related costs and hospitalisations were estimated by multivariate generalised linear modelling (GLM) and multivariate logistic regression, respectively.

Results:

Of 52,274 patients, 53% (n?=?27,457) were male, 71% (n?=?37,271) were ≥65?years, and three LABD cohorts accounted for over 90% of the sample [53% (n?=?27,654) salmeterol/fluticasone propionate, 23% (n?=?11,762) tiotropium, and 15% (n?=?7755) combination therapy]. Patients treated with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (p?<?0.001), formoterol fumarate (p?=?0.032), salmeterol (p?=?0.004), or with combination therapy (p?<?0.001) had higher COPD-related costs and a greater risk of inpatient admission (p?<?0.01 for all) versus tiotropium.

Limitations:

These data are based on administrative claims and as such do not include clinical information or information on risk factors, like smoking status, that are relevant to this population.

Conclusions:

Patients treated with tiotropim had lower COPD-related expenditures and risk of hospitalisation than patients treated with other LABDs     

Symbicort: a pharmacoeconomic review

Abstract

Objective: This systematic review examines the published evidence on the pharmacoecomonics of Symbicort®. Symbicort is a combination inhaler used in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that contains budesonide and formoterol. In asthma, Symbicort can be used as fixed or adjustable dose maintenance therapy as well as for both maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART).

Method: A literature search of PubMed was carried out to find all publications on the pharmacoeconomics of Symbicort. Additional studies were searched for in the reference lists of the papers retrieved and by searching tables of contents of relevant journals. A total of 13 studies on Symbicort in asthma and 2 studies on Symbicort in COPD were found.

Results: Total costs were lower with Symbicort than with separate inhalers containing budesonide and formoterol. Adjustable dosing maintained control of asthma using less medication and was associated with lower treatment costs than fixed dosing with Symbicort or the combination of fluticasone/salmeterol. SMART improves asthma control, reduces exacerbations and reduces direct and indirect costs compared to fixed maintenance therapy with either Symbicort or fluticasone/salmeterol. In COPD, Symbicort offers clinical advantages over therapy with the monocomponents and these are achieved at little or no extra cost.     

Cost-effectiveness analysis of roflumilast/tiotropium therapy versus tiotropium monotherapy for treating severe-to-very severe COPD

Abstract

Objective:

To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing roflumilast/tiotropium therapy vs tiotropium monotherapy in patients with severe-to-very severe COPD.

Methods:

The economic evaluation applied a disease-based Markov cohort model with five health states: (1) severe COPD, (2) severe COPD with a history of severe exacerbation, (3) very severe COPD, (4) very severe COPD with a history of severe exacerbation, and (5) death. Within a given health state, a patient may have a mild/moderate or severe exacerbation or die. Data from roflumilast clinical trials and published literature were used to populate model parameters. The model calculated health outcomes and costs for roflumilast/tiotropium therapy vs tiotropium monotherapy over a 5-year horizon. Incremental cost and benefits were then calculated as cost-effectiveness ratios, including cost per exacerbation avoided and cost per quality adjusted life year ($/QALY).

Results:

Over a 5-year horizon, the estimated incremental costs per exacerbation and per severe exacerbation avoided were $589 and $5869, respectively, and the incremental cost per QALY was $15,815. One-way sensitivity analyses varying key parameters produced an incremental cost per QALY ranging from $1963–$32,773.

Limitations:

A number of key parameters used in the model were obtained from studies in the literature that were conducted under different contexts. Specifically, the relative risk estimate for severe COPD patients originates from a small trial not designed to demonstrate the impact of roflumilast on frequency of exacerbations. In addition, the model extrapolates the relative risk estimates over periods of 5–30 years, even though the estimates were only observed in trials that spanned less than a year.

Conclusions:

The addition of roflumilast to tiotropium is cost-effective for the treatment of severe to very severe COPD patients.     

巩膜破裂伤手术的疗效观察

目的探讨巩膜破裂伤急诊手术的方法和对疗效的观察。方法将2010年5月～2013年5月我院急诊收治的巩膜破裂伤的患者分为两组,实验组予以患者缝合巩膜,玻璃体腔内注气,巩膜外冷冻,必要时巩膜外硅胶垫压,对照组单纯巩膜裂伤缝合术。结果实验组治疗效果明显优于对照组。结论急诊处理巩膜伤的正确性对术后视网膜复位情况及术后视力起决定性作用。     

甲泼尼龙与利伐沙班联合治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺栓塞患者的临床效果

目的探讨甲泼尼龙与利伐沙班联合治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺栓塞患者的临床效果。方法选取2019年3月至2020年5月江门市中心医院收治的76例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺栓塞患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各38例。对照组给予利伐沙班治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合甲泼尼龙治疗,比较两组临床疗效、血气分析指标及血清心肌肌钙蛋白(cTnⅠ)、凝血功能、不良反应。结果观察组治疗有效率92.11%,高于对照组的73.68%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组血气分析指标、血清cTnⅠ及凝血功能指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组动脉血氧分压(PaO₂)高于对照组,动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)、cTnⅠ低于对照组,活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后未出现明显不良反应。结论甲泼尼龙与利伐沙班联合治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺栓塞能改善血气分析指标和凝血功能,提高临床疗效,且安全性高。     

Cost effectiveness of tiotropium for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review of the evidence

Abstract

Background:

Tiotropium has been shown to reduce exacerbations and improve quality of life for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a lung disease characterized by a persistent and progressive airflow limitation.

Objectives:

To present a systematic literature review of the cost effectiveness of treatment with tiotropium compared with other currently used treatments for COPD.

Methods:

A systematic search was performed via PubMed, the Cochrane database, and EMBASE from 2002 to 2009. Methods and results by study design and by country were compared.

Results:

Seventeen studies were included in the review. Study designs were characterized as follows: modeling based on clinical trial data, and empirical analysis based on either clinical trial or observational data. Comparing monotherapy regimens (12 studies), all study designs found that treatment with tiotropium was associated with lower costs for hospitalisation and other non-drug services. Total costs, including the costs of maintenance drugs, were lower with tiotropium in some, but not all, of the studies. Tiotropium was shown to be cost effective based on commonly accepted benchmark values. Limitations of the review included the wide variety of outcome measures used in different studies, the limited number of observational database studies for monotherapy, and limited data for combination therapy regimens.

Conclusions:

The main conclusions of the economic evaluations derived from clinical trial data at the time of product approval and from later observational data reflecting clinical use are similar: use of tiotropium monotherapy is associated with lower hospital and other non-drug costs and better health outcomes and is either cost saving or cost effective compared with other maintenance monotherapies.     

血必净注射液治疗重症急性胰腺炎的Meta分析

目的评价血必净注射液对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者的影响,从而了解血必净用于辅助治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法选择符合纳入标准的随机或临床对照试验（CRT、CCT）文献,对数据进行Meta分析。结果5项研究纳入421例患者,Meta分析显示,血必净＋乌司他丁＋基础治疗组与乌司他丁＋基础治疗组比较,腹痛缓解时间（WMD=-1.86,95%CI：-2.27～-1.45,P=0.00001）、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间（WMD=-1.80,95%CI：-2.68～-0.93,P〈0.0001）、尿淀粉酶恢复正常时间（WMD=-1.96,95%CI：-2.42～-1.50,P〈0.00001）、白细胞计数恢复正常时间（WMD=-2.49,95%CI：-3.56～-1.41,P〈0.00001）以及总有效率（RR=1.16,95%CI：1.07～1.25,P=0.0002）的差异有统计学意义。结论应用血必净的治疗组能明显缩短重症急性胰腺炎患者腹痛缓解时间、血（尿）淀粉酶以及白细胞计数恢复正常时间,且治疗组的总有效率明显高于对照组。