中国农业发展方式的评价

本文运用非参数的莫氏（Malmquist）指数法,研究了1978-2009年期间中国农业全要素生产率增长、构成的时序特征及其农业增长方式转变的绩效。结果表明,中国农业全要素生产率在1978-2009年的31年间,年均增长率为26%,农业全要素生产率的增长主要来自技术进步,中国农业仍然保持粗放型发展方式,目前主要处于低度粗放型阶段。在未来农业生产方式转变中,通过技术进步、劳动者素质和生态环境保护来提高生产要素的使用效率,实现农业发展方式的转变。     

科技创新促进中国海洋经济高质量发展了吗——基于科技创新对海洋经济绿色全要素生产率影响的实证检验

推动海洋经济高质量发展是建设海洋强国的必然选择。采用2001—2016年沿海省市面板数据，测算我国沿海省市海洋经济绿色全要素生产率，从线性和非线性角度研究科技创新对海洋经济绿色全要素生产率的影响。结果表明：总体上看，近年来我国海洋经济绿色全要素生产率呈先大幅波动后趋向平稳的状态，年均增长率为2.85%，海洋经济绿色全要素生产率增长主要源于技术进步指数而非技术效率指数；科技创新对于海洋经济绿色全要素生产率具有显著促进作用，有助于海洋经济高质量发展；科技创新对海洋经济绿色全要素生产率的影响存在单一门槛效应，越过门槛之后，对于海洋经济绿色全要素生产率的提升作用会更加显著。在海洋经济同样步入新常态背景下，必须坚持从要素和投资驱动转向创新驱动的海洋经济高质量发展道路。     

数字经济促进全要素生产率提升的效应评价

数字经济的发展为我国转变发展方式、实现经济高质量发现提供了新的契机。在此背景下,采用面板数据模型估计了数字经济对我国地区全要素生产率的影响,并进一步将全要素生产率分解为技术进步和技术效率,探讨数字经济对全要素生产率的影响机制。结果发现：首先,数字经济整体上可以促进全要素生产率进步,且在进行内生性处理和稳健性检验后,这一结论依然较为稳健。其次,从全要素构成来看,数字经济促进技术效率提升在全要素生产率进步中发挥了主要作用,无论对于技术效率低的地区还是技术效率高的地区,数字经济均能促进其技术效率提升。最后,数字经济整体上对技术进步的影响则不显著,只有技术进步本身较高的地区才能充分利用数字经济带来的优势,进一步提高技术水平。     

沈阳市科技进步贡献率的测算与分析

随着我国经济发展方式的转变,以科技创新来驱动经济发展将成为我国以及各地区经济发展的主要模式。通过采用索洛余值法对沈阳市的科技进步贡献率进行测算,由此对沈阳市科技创新对经济发展的驱动作用进行量化分析。     

“一带一路”沿线国家贸易网络结构特征及其对技术进步的影响——基于社会网络分析法的研究*

本文采用社会网络分析法探讨了2008—2018年“一带一路”沿线国家贸易网络结构特征,测算沿线国家贸易网络中心位置对技术进步的影响,并对不同收入国家进行异质性分析。研究发现：“一带一路”沿线国家整体贸易结构比较松散,意大利、土耳其、韩国、俄罗斯、中国和新加坡等国家（地区）位于网络核心,共有23个国家（地区）发挥“中介”或“桥梁”作用,影响着其余沿线国家之间的贸易联系;超过四成的沿线国家（地区）与非贸易伙伴国具有较强的间接贸易关系。贸易网络中心位置的提升能显著促进母国技术进步,间接贸易影响母国技术进步的边际效应大于直接贸易;中高等收入水平国家直接和间接贸易地位和贸易强度的提升均显著促进了技术进步,低等收入国家贸易强度的提升也能促进母国的技术进步。     

科技创新效率与煤炭企业高质量绿色发展效应研究

收集了2009—2018年全国煤炭工业企业科技创新数据、煤炭深加工等转型数据,采用判别分析法确定煤炭企业科技创新效率、高质量绿色转型效应;收集全国34家煤业上市公司数据,采用熵值法确定煤炭企业资产结构演变熵值和绿色演变效应;采用回归分析法确定科技创新效率与经济高质量绿色发展效应的关系,得出的结论是:煤炭工业科技创新从整体上产生了经济高质量绿色发展效应。这种“高质量发展”作用主要是促进了煤炭企业高质量转型,产生了绿色转型效应。其绿色转型效应远远超过煤炭企业产业方向调整、资产结构演变所产生的“阵痛”负作用;煤炭企业高质量转型、资产结构绿色演变是连接科技创新与经济效益的纽带。     

技术进步与中国工业结构升级

文章基于非均衡增长的视角系统研究了中国工业结构升级的动因问题。在厘清中国工业结构变化经验事实的基础上,通过建立两部门的中国工业结构变化的动态随机一般均衡模型进行数值模拟,据此拟合中国工业结构变化的经验事实,并对模型经济的机制进行分析,结合中国经济的实际运行情况,探讨中国工业结构升级的动因和机制。研究表明：(1)从供给侧角度考察,轻重工业技术进步率的相对变化是中国工业产出结构变化的动因;而重工业相对于轻工业有较高的技术进步率,是中国工业结构升级的动因。(2)重工业技术进步对轻工业产出具有溢出效应。(3)重工业技术进步率相对高于轻工业时,投资率呈上升趋势,轻工业产品消费份额逐步下降,同时重工业产品消费份额保持稳定和略有增长,从而使得重工业产出份额呈上升趋势。其政策含义为：政府在推动技术进步方面应将更多的政策支持、人力资源和物质资源等重点配置于重工业,尤其是配置于基础性或高科技行业,而非是轻工业,推动重工业相对于轻工业有较高的技术进步率,从而有力地推动工业结构和制造业的双重升级;建立统一的国内市场,对使用本国重工业产品进行投资生产的企业,给予税收抵免、退税补贴等政策予以鼓励支持。     

我国农村地区的技术进步——基于空间计量经济学

利用1999—2008年广东省的市域数据,基于空间面板模型对其农村地区的技术进步模式进行了实证分析。结果显示:该地区的农村技术具有明显的空间相关性,且这种空间相关性随经济发展有逐渐增强的趋势;农村技术进步的途径主要有三种,即区域内农村研发创新、城市先进技术溢出以及农村地区间技术扩散;以农村投资为代表的"干中学"以及农村地区间的技术扩散是农村技术进步的主要动力;受农村吸收能力弱等因素的限制,城市先进技术溢出较其他两种途径对农村技术进步的影响较小,但仍是农村技术进步的重要来源。最后提出,加强农村科技投入,提高农村自主研发和创新能力,提高农村地区的消化、吸收能力以及促进农村地区间的技术扩散,是解决"三农"问题的重要渠道。     

On the mechanism of international technology diffusion for energy technological progress

As a needed methodological complement to the existing large-scale complex policy modelling for energy technology diffusion, this paper contributes to an analytical exposition of the fundamental mechanism of international technology diffusion (ITD) for energy technological progress. We offer two different and complementary perspectives to explore the dynamics of energy technology diffusion and progress. We first develop a Solow-type efficiency-improving model of energy technological progress which is described by improvements in primary energy-augmenting efficiency. We further provide a Romer-type variety-expanding model of energy technological progress which is represented by the expansion of differentiated varieties of primary energy technology blueprints. Analysis based on two different models reaches consistent results: there are potential forces in the world economy – working through ITD – that pull individual countries to advance energy technology, ensuring a cross-country convergence in the growth rates of energy technology in the balanced growth path. While ITD plays a role in a cross-country convergence in technological growth rates, cross-country differences in the efficiency of undertaking indigenous research and the capacity of absorbing foreign technology spillovers would lead to a cross-country divergence in the absolute levels of energy technology.     

The Mechanism and Path for Digital Economy to Foster New Drivers for High-Quality Economic Development in China

As traditional drivers fade, cultivating new drivers has become the key to the high-quality development of China’s economy. In the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the digital economy plays a strategic role in promoting high-quality economic development in China, by using data as a new key production factor and innovation as the driving force, and driving impetus change, efficiency change and quality change to increase total factor productivity. The mechanism for the digital economy to cultivate new drivers for the high-quality development of China’s economy is through four dimensions, namely allocation optimization, economies of scale, industrial integration, and innovation-driven growth. In the context of the digital economy, accelerating the cultivation of new drivers calls for the following efforts: speeding up digital innovation and promoting the driving force change, efficiency change, and quality change; accelerating the process of digital industrialization and pushing advanced industrial basic capabilities; using industrial digital transformation to promote the modernization of the industrial chain; and advancing the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, and promoting the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy.     

技术进步偏向、创新要素配置与经济韧性

基于2006—2020年中国内地31个省域面板数据，从影响传导机制、非线性特质角度探究技术进步偏向对经济韧性的影响效应。结果发现：①技术进步偏向对经济韧性具有显著正向影响，这一结论在稳健性与内生性检验中依然成立；②就作用机制而言，创新要素配置是影响技术进步偏向作用于经济韧性的重要机制；③门槛模型检验结果显示，技术进步偏向指数及其子维度与经济调整适应能力不存在非线性作用关系，但与经济创新转型能力具有非线性关系。因此，要合理引导技术发展方向，发挥技术进步偏向的积极作用；充分发挥“有效市场”和“有为政府”的合力作用，优化创新要素配置；以技术创新、理念革新与机制鼎新抵御潜在风险，增强经济韧性。     

金融转型、技术创新与中国经济 发展方式的转变

本文建立世代交叠模型,分析金融转型对技术创新和经济发展方式转变的影响。分析表明,在经济发展的早期阶段,选择以投资扩张和技术转移为基础的发展战略是后发国家促进技术进步的最优选择;当距离世界技术前沿越来越近时,技术进步的主要方式将会转向技术创新。在转变过程中,后发国家的金融发展水平具有门槛效应。后发国家在前一阶段赖以进行投资扩张的金融体制,加上追赶型发展战略下地方政府的增长最大化冲动,可能会延迟后发国家向以技术创新为基础的发展方式转变。     

The Next Five Years (2022–2027) Will Be Crucial for Building a Modern Socialist Country in All Respects: Implications from the Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC

As pointed out in the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the next five years (2022–2027) will be crucial for beginning to build a modern socialist country in all respects. Firstly, the next five years will be a period of historical transition in the central task of the CPC. The central task of the CPC will be to realize the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects. At this crucial stage for getting our efforts off to a good start, China should understand and pursue the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan to advance the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through a Chinese path to modernization. Secondly, the next five years will be a period of deep reform in which strategic opportunities, risks and challenges are concurrent. Alongside a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation well underway, the new principal contradiction facing Chinese society, a historical transition in the central task of the CPC, and a shift in the international balance of power, profound and complex changes are taking place in China’s internal and external environment for development. Uncertainties and unforeseen factors are rising and must be dealt with appropriately. Thirdly, the next five years will be a key period of achieving China’s overall development objectives for 2035. It is a paramount stage of meeting the 14th Five-Year Plan goals, formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan goals, and realizing Chinese modernization by 2035. China should uphold the CPC’s overall leadership, follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, apply a people-centered development philosophy, remain committed to deepening reform and opening up, and carry forward our fighting spirit. Fourthly, the next five years will be a crucial period of accelerating the creation of a new pattern of development and pursuing high-quality development. Chinese modernization should be advanced through a series of strategic initiatives, such as building a high-standard socialist market economy, modernizing the industrial system, propelling rural revitalization across the board, promoting coordinated regional development, and boosting high-standard opening up. Fifthly, the next five years will be an impact period of unprecedented downward pressure on the national economy under various factors and risks beating expectations. In order to achieve the 14th Five-Year Plan goals and the overall development objectives by 2035, it is necessary to defuse the threefold pressure composed of increasing demand shrinkage, supply shocks and flagging market expectations, as well as intensifying potential risks. To accomplish the main objectives and tasks for the next five years, it is necessary to observe objective laws, apply the new development philosophy, continue to pursue economic development as central task, adopt system-based thinking, take steady steps to sustain progress, and promote high-quality development in a scientific and effective manner.     

Income Polarization of the U.S. Working Class: An Institutionalist View

We provide an institutional insight into the trend of income polarization within the U.S. working class. In contrast to the previous industrial waves, the current and ongoing industrial revolution is characterized by the replacement of “creative destruction” with jobless growth. Instead of replacing the lost jobs with new ones, new disruptive technologies eliminate more jobs in traditional labor and capital-intensive sectors than create jobs in new idea-intensive sectors. By examining the relationship between the income share of the bottom 50 percent, the middle 40 percent, and the top 10 percent and technological progress, we obtain robust econometric results. According to our results, the income polarization among U.S. workers can be associated with the shift of R&D activities from the public to the corporate sector. The concentration of innovations by corporate capital limits the power of society to reduce inequality and to provide greater social stability through “the incredible productivity” of technological progress.     

基于技术进步的浙江省能源消费回弹效应研究

基于技术进步对经济增长的贡献和环境负荷分解模型,对浙江省1990年以来技术进步对GDP增长的贡献、能源消费回弹效应及能源回弹量进行实证分析。其中,对技术进步的测定采用城镇单位在岗职工工资总额和农村居民纯收入作为劳动因素,以期更合理地体现劳动对经济增长的贡献,同时对多元回归模型的多重共线性进行滞后差分变换,以期得到更为精确的实证数据。     

基于ETSI模型的产业技术进步路径转换问题研究

通过构建产业自主创新的ETSI分析模型,重点分析了产业技术进步从模仿学习到自主创新的转换过程和条件问题.研究表明,产业技术进步路径转换与产业内外部多重因素相关,从系统论的角度来说,经济、技术、组织、制度等因素(ETSI)都对产业技术进步从模仿学习到自主创新的转换有决定性的影响.这种ETSI的内在相关性也决定了政府促进产业自主创新政策的实施内容、重点以及措施上的可能选择范围.     

有偏技术进步对碳强度的影响及传导机制研究

本文通过构建包含资本、劳动和碳要素的超越对数函数模型，对中国30个省（市）技术进步偏向进行判别，通过构建多重中介效应模型，探究其影响碳排放强度的传导机制，并分析不同资源丰裕度下传导机制的异质性。主要结论：①碳要素偏向型技术进步和碳排放强度呈显著正相关，技术进步偏向碳节约型有助于推动碳减排。②碳要素偏向型技术进步可通过能源利用效率和经济发展水平中介效应间接影响碳排放强度。③资源型省（市）主要通过提高经济发展水平路径，而非资源型省（市）主要通过提高能源利用效率路径促进碳要素偏向型技术进步的减排效应。④碳要素偏向型技术进步的减排效应存在显著双门槛效应，能源利用效率越大、经济发展水平越高，碳要素偏向型技术进步对碳排放强度的影响越大。因此，需加大技术进步偏向碳要素节约的诱导力度，注意不同资源丰裕度下碳减排的不同路径，加强能源利用效率提高，推动经济绿色发展，助力“双碳”目标实现。     

数字经济与企业战略变革——基于A股上市公司的经验证据

企业战略变革是转变经济增长方式、促进产业转型升级的有效途径。在数字经济蓬勃发展的背景下,本文基于企业战略变革这一理论视角,选取2011—2021年A股上市公司数据,实证检验数字经济对企业战略变革的影响效应及其作用机制。研究发现,首先,数字经济发展程度越高,越能提升企业战略变革水平,这一结论在选取历史数据作为工具变量及稳健性检验后仍然成立;其次,当内部董事会独立性与外部媒体关注度越高时,强化了数字经济发展程度与企业战略变革之间的正向关系;进一步地,数字经济发展程度对企业战略变革的激励效应得益于企业创新能力与风险承担水平的提升,异质性分析表明在非国有和成长期、成熟期企业样本中上述关系更加明显;最后,企业战略变革能够提升企业市场价值和要素配置效率。本研究助推了战略变革动因以及数字经济赋能企业高质量发展的效应、机制和企业性质差异的理解,为更好地驱动企业战略发展提供参考建议。     

中国经济增长的源泉:1978—2007年

中国经济增长过于依赖资本投入。从长期来看,中国经济需要完成向集约型经济的转型。在2000年以后突出表现出来的出口导向增长模式很可能在未来难以为继。人力资本、科技进步和制度改革应该是未来中国经济保持健康持续增长所需要依赖的主要动力。     

Digital Economy,Entrepreneurship, and High-Quality Economic Development: Empirical Evidence from Urban China

The paper discusses the effects of the digital economy on high-quality urban development and its mechanism. Theoretically, the digital economy can empower high-quality development by boosting entrepreneurial vitality. Empirically, the paper measures the overall level of the digital economy and high-quality development of the 222 Chinese cities at and above the prefecture level during 2011–2016, depicts the entrepreneurial vitality of the cities with the microscopic data of the business registration information and makes quantitative analysis on this basis. The result shows: Digital economy has remarkably improved high-quality development and this conclusion still exists after the robustness test selecting historical data as the instrumental variables and the Broadband China pilot policy as the quasi experiment. The analysis of the mechanism of action indicates that encouraging public entrepreneurship is an important mechanism of the digital economy to release the dividend of high quality development. Finally, thanks to the threshold model and the spatial model, it is found that the positive effect of the digital economy has the characteristics of nonlinear increment and spatial spillover of the “marginal effects.” The research of the paper stimulates the reasons for high-quality development and the understanding of the effects, mechanisms and regional differences of high-quality development empowered by the digital economy.