以人为本理念在妇产科护理管理中的实施效果

目的探讨以人为本理念在妇产科护理管理中的实施效果。方法采用回顾性分析,选取我院自2012年3月～2013年3月以来的168例妇产科患者的临床资料,临床记录比较完整。随机对其进行分组,分别为观察组以及对照组,两组患者例数都为84例。观察组采用以人文本的护理理念,对照组采用临床常规护理,比较两组的对疾病的不确定感（采用MUIS量表）以及满意度（采用选项法）。结果观察组在进行以人为本的护理后,对疾病的不确定感为（57.23±6.93）,满意度为97.6%;对照组患者的疾病不确定感为（78.65±8.23）,满意度为77.4%。两组之间具有差异统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论在妇产科护理中采用以人为本的护理理念,能够增强科室的凝聚力,提高医院护理的质量,有利于发挥护士的潜能,使妇产科患者能够得到较快的恢复,实施效果比较好,值得临床推广。     

以人为本理念在妇产科护理管理中的应用效果

目的探讨以人为本理念在妇产科护理管理中的应用效果。方法随机选取120例在阳高县人民医院进行治疗的妇产科患者,随机将其分为观察组和对照组,各60例,入院后对照组患者给予常规护理管理,观察组患者在此基础上增加以人为本护理管理,对两组患者满意度、产后并发症、平均住院时间进行比较。结果观察组患者总满意度为96.7%,明显高于对照组的71.7%,;观察组患者平均住院时间为(7.7±1.0)d,对照组为(11.0±1.5)d,观察组住院时间明显短于对照组;观察组患者产后并发症发生率为13.3%,对照组为38.3%,观察组发生率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论在妇产科护理管理中引入以人为本的理念能有效提高患者的护理满意度,缩短住院时间,减轻患者经济负担,同时还能大大降低产妇产后并发症的发生率。     

产妇人性化护理的实践应用分析

目的 分析产妇人性化护理的实践应用效果.方法 选取2012年3月至2013年1月收治的120例产妇临床护理状况进行分析,将其随机分为对照组和实验组各60例,对照组采用常规护理,实验组采用人性化护理,对两组临床状况进行对比分析.结果 实验组产妇护理质量明显高于对照组,且实验组产妇及家属的护理满意度高于对照组,P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义.结论 产妇人性化护理能够改善护理质量,从产妇心理以及生理上入手,以人为本,提高患者满意度,保证患者的生命安全.     

探讨舒适护理在手术室护理中的应用效果

目的分析研究舒适护理在手术室护理中的应用效果方式。方法我院收治的300例患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组150例,对照组患者进行简单的日常护理,实验组患者在日常护理上增加全方面的舒适护理项。结果通过两组的比较,实验组患者无论是心理还是精神上取得的评价都高于对照组,同时患者的血压和紧张度有了很大的改变。结论舒适护理不仅缓解了患者的应激反应也增强了患者承受能力,有利于提高手术的成功率。     

人性化护理模式在产科护理中的应用效果

目的探讨人性化护理模式在产科护理中的应用效果。方法收集2011年9月至2013年8月我院收治的80例产科患者资料,随机将患者分成观察组与对照组,对照组患者采取常规护理,观察组患者在对照组基础上实施人性化护理,比较两组患者的护理满意度。结果对照组患者总满意度为80.0%,观察组患者总满意度为95.0%,观察组患者护理满意度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论人性化护理应用在产科护理中具有明显的临床效果。     

临床路径在颈椎病手术治疗护理中的应用效果观察

目的探讨临床路径模式在颈椎病手术治疗护理中的应用情况和效果,为今后在颈椎病手术治疗护理中推行临床路径提供参考。方法将我院近期收治的颈椎病手术患者48例,分为两组,实验组(24例)采取临床路径模式进行护理,对照组(24例)实施常规护理,比较两组的护理效果。结果通过评价,实验组患者在住院时间、医疗费用以及对医护人员的满意度等方面均优于对照组,两者存在显著性差异。结论通过对颈椎病手术患者实施临床路径模式进行护理,可有效提高护理质量,增加手术患者的信任感和满意度,提升医院形象,从而取得很好的社会效益和经济效益。     

标准化患者在妇产科实习带教过程中的合理应用

目的探讨标准化患者在妇产科实习带教过程中的合理应用。方法选取妇产科实习生60名,随机分成两组,试验组施行标准化患者教学方法,对照组施行传统教学,将两组的教学结果进行比较。结果试验组的考试成绩比对照组的考试成绩好,且标准化患者教学方法能够培养学生的自学能力,提高学生创造力并增加学生资料查阅能力。结论标准化患者在妇产科实习带教过程中具有良好的教学效果,值得在妇产科实习教学中推广。     

循证护理理念在外科护理中的应用

目的对外科护理工作中循证护理理念的应用效果进行分析。方法将我院就诊的100例普外科患者作为研究对象,进行随机分组,观察组使用循证护理,对照组则给予传统护理,随后针对两组患者的临床效果进行数据分析。结果观察组在使用循证护理后,护理服务的水平较对照组得到了显著的提高(P<0.05)。结论护理过程中,融入循证护理理念使医院护理工作开展得更加顺利,患者接受的服务会更加全面与细致。     

护理干预在妇产科围术期感染预防中的应用价值

目的：探讨护理干预在降低妇产科患者围术期感染中的应用价值。方法选取我院2011年7月至2013年7月收治的妇科疾病患者76例,将其随机均分为两组,对照组患者给予常规护理,观察组患者在常规护理的基础上加强围术期护理干预,对比两组患者的感染情况。结果观察组患者感染率为18.4%,对照组患者感染率为52.6%,两组患者感染率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论妇产科患者入院治疗期间,加强围术期的护理干预,能有效降低患者的感染发生率。     

丙泊酚联合芬太尼在妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉中的应用及护理

目的探究妇科腹腔镜手术中应用丙泊酚联合芬太尼麻醉的效果及护理方式。方法选取我院妇科就诊并实施腹腔镜手术的患者134例,手术麻醉均选用丙泊酚联合芬太尼麻醉。将患者随机均分为两组,对照组应用常规腹腔镜手术方法手术;实验组则在手术基础上增加相应麻醉的护理。手术时观察并记录术中患者的麻醉效果、拔管时间、手术时间、术后恢复呼吸时间、住院时间,以这些数据对两组做比较。结果实验组麻醉效果显著优良于对照组,P<0.05存在统计学意义。在拔管时间与手术实施时间、术后恢复意识时间、住院时间方面,实验组同样显著小于对照组,P<0.05存在统计学意义。结论妇科腹腔镜手术中应用丙泊酚联合芬太尼麻醉且同时对患者进行相应护理的麻醉效果显著优于常规手术方法,建议推广实施。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

Types of technology

Technology is a concept rife with confusion. Here, I argue that technologies can be distinguished as a combination of type of producer and an idealized artefact life history. Using this definition, a number of technologies are identified. The first technology historically, in the Protostomes, was the production of individual or family dwellings. Next came objects such as spider webs for trapping prey. Stigmergy followed, with the social insects, as a collective endeavour to construct a mega-structure using simple rules of accretion. Some birds and primates began to make tools, or simple technological objects whose function is closely related to their form. Humans are distinguished by their ability to make machines. Traditional technology took place once people voluntarily organised into groups with specialised knowledge to produce more complex objects and structures. Monumental objects like ceremonial pyramids came with the command economies of the early agrarian societies, which also resulted in a new category of artefact, the network. Finally, with modern civilizations came ad hoc accretion, or population-level adding-on, to make truly complex technological systems. Developing a theoretical framework within which artefacts, production processes and ways of interacting with them are identified should help the study of technology to become more scientific.