武陵源风景区旅游业的可持续发展与环境保护

武陵源是世界自然遗产，由于在前期旅游资源开发和旅游发展过程中，对环境问题重视不够、控制不力，导致了一系列环境问题出现。根据旅游发展的要求，合理调控武陵源风景区客流分布、保护旅游资源与环境、实现旅游业持续发展。     

武陵源遗产地旅游产业集群的特征和演变

关于旅游产业集群的形成机制与演变规律的研究在目前国内外旅游产业集群研究中较为薄弱.选择世界自然遗产地--武陵源作为案例地,通过对历年旅游企业的动态变化、旅游发展的回顾分析,深入研究武陵源旅游产业集群形成和演变规律及内在机制,指出武陵源旅游产业集群的形成表现出很强的路径依赖的特征.最后总结了集群各发展阶段的特征和分析了今后的发展可能,认为制订基于集群的政策是武陵源旅游目的地下一步发展的关键.     

基于生态环境阈限与旅游承载力背景下生物多样性保护策略研究——以世界自然遗产武陵源核心景区为例

基于积极维护全球生物多样性的价值追求,以世界自然遗产武陵源核心景区为研究对象,结合近年来研究区域旅游产业快速发展的客观现实和对生态环境造成的过度影响,通过测算得出其生态环境阈限与旅游承载力数值以及对生物多样性的现实威胁,在此基础上选取7个指标构建武陵源核心景区生物多样性评价指标体系,并综合运用AHP法和模糊数学方法对其生物多样性状况进行评价,采取定量和定性相结合的方法对当前核心景区因旅游业造成生物多样性的影响进行分析,提出核心景区今后生物多样性保护的具体策略,以期实现景区开发与生物多样性保护的协同共赢。     

游客文化差异性特征对其景观偏好的影响

探索不同文化背景下游客的景观偏好是进行跨文化旅游市场研究的基础,但具体的个体差异比如个人主义/集体主义或不确定性规避究竟对游客的景观偏好产生了什么样的影响,目前并没有确切的结论。本研究以世界自然遗产地武陵源风景区为例,选取了7类主要景观类型、19个具体代表景点,综合运用问卷调查和照片评价法面向游客进行调研。通过SPSS软件对问卷数据进行描述统计、方差分析、因子分析、相关分析等,研究发现个人主义/集体主义、居住地都与景观偏好不存在显著相关,但不确定性规避、年龄和景观偏好三者之间有显著相关。     

张家界:让璀灿明珠更加耀眼

张家界位于湖南省的西北部,辖永定、武陵源两区和慈利、桑植两县,总面积9516平方公里,人口158万,拥有丰富的自然旅游资源,如被誉为"扩大的盆景、缩小的仙境"的世界自然遗产武陵源、被称为"武陵之魂"的国家森林公园天门山、有"物种基因库"之称的国家自然保护区八大公山.近年来,张家界市委、市政府全面落实"保护第一"、"旅游兴市"的战略决策,大力加强环境保护,积极发展生态旅游,取得了喜人的成绩.     

赤水丹霞科普旅游资源评价及产品设计

近年来,科普旅游作为一种非大众旅游方式,正成为专家学者关注的焦点。以赤水丹霞世界自然遗产提名地为研究区域,从赤水丹霞的科普旅游资源评价与产品设计的角度出发,根据世界自然遗产四条评价标准,对赤水提名地内的地质地貌、气候水文、生物多样性等要素进行评价,认为＂高原峡谷型丹霞大观园＂和＂侏罗纪时代的生物避难所＂能体现赤水丹霞科普价值的内涵;并依据独特性、市场导向、游客参与的设计原则,提出在赤水市开发传统观光、深入学习和探险参与等多形式的科普旅游产品模式,从而得出作为世界自然遗产提名地的赤水丹霞在开展丹霞科普旅游的现实意义。     

武陵源区域旅游产业与生态农业融合过程研究

武陵源区域凭借其优质的自然旅游资源与丰富的原生态资源优势成就了闻名中外的武陵源景区,在生态旅游产品日益盛行的今天,生态旅游产业的发展成为关乎武陵源区域旅游产业可持续发展的重大课题。以产业融合理论为基础,从旅游产品供给与市场需求的角度来探索武陵源区域生态农业与旅游产业的融合过程,并从技术、产品、市场三个方面来建立产业融合过程模型,实现武陵源区域生态农业与旅游产业的融合发展。     

武陵源世界自然遗产地生态旅游者细分研究——基于环境态度与环境行为视角

以国内外知名生态旅游地之一的武陵源世界自然遗产地生态旅游者为研究对象,通过抽样调查,应用描述性统计、信度分析、因素分析、集群分析等方式,以生态旅游者的环境态度与环境行为视角来分析生态旅游者类群特征。研究表明,在以旅游者环境态度与环境行为构建的两维坐标系中,可以将武陵源世界自然遗产地生态旅游者分为友好型、破坏型、真正型、伪生态、可持续和偶尔型等6类;生态旅游者在环境意识、环境责任、参与状态、参与程度、环境解说、居民利益和行为表现上均有差异;武陵源世界自然遗产地的旅游市场仍然是一般生态观光为主,生态旅游为辅的格局。     

遗产管理、旅游增权与经济增长:遗产旅游的可持续之道

文章将旅游增权作为遗产地治理绩效和经济增长的中介变量,运用结构方程模型探索遗产治理绩效、旅游增权和经济增长三者之间的关系,构建互动关系模型。并以黄龙洞景区、张家界国家森林公园、德夯苗寨为研究对象,对3个不同管理模式的治理绩效进行实证研究。结果表明:"国有民营"遗产管理模式绩效最高;经济绩效、社会绩效正向影响遗产地旅游增权;遗产地治理绩效直接正向影响遗产地旅游增权;旅游增权对遗产地经济增长具有直接正向影响;遗产地治理绩效对遗产地经济增长无直接影响,需要通过社区增权的中介作用才可促进经济增长。最后,文章提出了加强遗产管理,强化旅游增权,促进经济增长的对策和建议。     

世界遗产地旅游开发与保护——以张家界武陵源为例

世界遗产是全人类的共同财富,是人类祖先和大自然的杰作,有效保护世界文化遗产和自然遗产,就是保护人类文明和人类赖以生存的环境。回顾张家界武陵源旅游开发历程,总结武陵源旅游开发与保护工作中存在的问题并提出建设性对策,对世界遗产的开发与保护起到一定的促进作用。     

Economic mobility along the business cycle. The case of Peru

The performance of Latin American countries in reducing poverty and expanding the middle class has been remarkable. By taking a close look at the Peruvian experience, we examine how this aggregate behavior relates to business cycle conditions and whether different population groups share this behavior. We find that social mobility is cyclical; it decreases in recessions but increases with strong economic growth. The reduction in poverty in Peru appears to be the result of a sustained increase in the poverty exit rate together with a prolonged decrease in the poverty entry rate. These results hold among heterogeneous groups and are particularly marked for households regarded as initially disadvantaged.     

Implement PPET Strategy and Develop Ecotourism of Minority Areas in Western China——Take Xinlong County of GanziTibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province as An Example

To help the poor and to develop tourism are two mportant problems in poverty-stricken area. Howeve,they were isotated for years. The PPET strategy was put forward in this paper based on PPT. The Feasibility and the realistic meaning of the strategy in developing the ecotourism, overcoming poverty, and achieving prosperity of minority areas in western China are analyzed by taking Xinlong county of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Stchuan Province as an example.     

实施PPET战略，发展西部民族地区生态旅游

To help the poor and to develop tourism are two mportant problems in poverty-stricken areas. However,they were isola ted for years. The PPET strategy was put forward in this paper based on PPT. The feasibility and the realistic meaning of the strategy in developing the ecotourism, overcoming poverty, and achieving prosperity of minority areas in western China are analyzed by taking Xinlong county of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province as an example.     

中国经济的快速增长与"丰裕中贫困"

本文根据中国国情,借用凯因斯“丰裕中贫困”一说,将我国现有的贫困现象分为有效需求不足,相对贫困扩大和绝对贫困继续存在、失业问题尚难解决、环境污染和生态破坏四种类型,同时对怎样看待我国丰裕中贫困”的现象提出了自己的看法。     

残疾人的社会保障对消费需求的影响探析

残疾人是社会中处于最不利地位的弱势群体,其生存与发展的权利因社会排斥而受到侵害,很难在社会经济生活中享受平等、参与、共享的权利。加强残疾人社会保障体系建设是促进残疾人改善生活、减少贫困的根本途径。构建了残疾人社会保障与消费、收入的误差修正模型,利用2009年残疾人监测数据,探讨了当前社会保障特征对残疾人生活消费的影响,发现目前的社会保障不能减少残疾人不确定性预期。     

The Elasticity of Poverty with respect to Sectoral Growth in Africa

The African continent has grown by more than 4 percent yearly on average during the past decade. However, the link between this remarkable growth rate and poverty reduction is neither obvious nor simple. This paper focuses on the elasticity of poverty with respect to GDP growth at the sectoral level and takes into account the fact that economic growth may affect poverty directly as well as indirectly through sectoral labor share intensity. It develops a methodology that sheds light on the contribution of sectoral growth to poverty reduction country‐by‐country in Africa, guiding policy recommendations. As the composition of growth matters at least as much as its overall intensity, it is key to identify the sectors that have the strongest impact on poverty reduction and unleash their potential; if growth happens to concentrate in sectors with scarce pro‐poor potential, like commodity‐driven growth, redistributive strategies are necessary to compensate the weak effect on poverty.     

Evaluating the performance of means-tested benefits in Bulgaria

Using household survey data and microsimulation techniques, we analyse the performance of three means-tested benefits in Bulgaria. We find that the transfers reach a small proportion of households with incomes below a relative poverty line, they have high non take-up rates, and large proportions of the recipients are neither poor nor entitled to receive the benefits. Unsurprisingly, although an important income source for poor households, the benefits have a very small impact on reducing the poverty rates. We show that our results are robust to potential underreporting of benefit receipt in the household survey. Finally, we analyse the effect of five reform scenarios, one of which fiscally neutral, on poverty and find that there is a large scope for policy improvement.     

国家扶贫开发重点县投入绩效的实证分析

新世纪以来,随着农村贫困发生率的大幅度下降和脱贫速度的减缓,中国扶贫资金的使用效率问题备受关注.采用国家统计局数据,通过回归模型对扶贫开发重点县主要扶贫投入的绩效进行了实证分析,发现:(1)外资扶贫资金的使用效率优于国内扶贫资金;(2)中央政府的扶贫资金中,财政扶贫资金的使用效率优于以工代赈资金,以工代赈资金优于贴息扶贫贷款.基于此研究结论,提出了相应的政策建议.     

物价波动、收入增长和地区差距对中国贫困线的影响

我国贫困线的增长机制是只与物价挂钩,不与收入挂钩。由于食品价格增长高于消费价格指数增长,这种调整机制导致贫困线绝对购买力下降;同时,随着收入的快速增长,贫困线相对购买力急剧下降。另外,贫困线与地区经济发展水平高度相关,造成地区间受助穷人的生活质量相差巨大。     

A utility-based analysis of the wage subsidy program

Because the poverty line is usually defined in terms of income, two families may be classified as having poverty-level incomes even though their hours of work and, therefore, their utilities may be very different. This paper compares a government income support program that defines the poverty line in terms of utility with several other support programs that define the poverty line in terms of income. Through the use of the wage solution of the indirect utility function, we find the amount of wage subsidy required to raise a subpoverty-line family to the poverty line as defined by the utility function. This subsidy is compared with wage subsidies based on directly observable quantities such as income.