小额信贷创新的“浙江模式”解析

浙江小额信贷创新已走在国内前列。文章首先从制度创新、业务创新和信用创新三方面详细介绍了小额信贷创新的"浙江模式"内容,其次就"浙江模式"进行了综合评析,最后提出了五点相关建议。     

浙江省小额信贷创新实践与持续发展研究

文章在分析浙江省小额信贷发展环境的基础上,对小额信贷供应机构、政府部门等主体在解决小额信贷供需失衡和小额信贷创新发展中的实践进行了分析阐述,结合浙江省小额信贷发展中的现存问题,提出浙江省小额信贷创新发展的建议:充分发挥现有正规金融机构的作用;完善政策环境,实施差异监管;借鉴有益经验,提升客户素质;积极发挥财政资金的支持作用。     

近期小额信贷发展的一个研究述评

小额信贷作为一种金融创新服务,是我国实体经济发展,构建和谐金融、和谐社会的重要力量;小额信贷在为农村贫困群体和中小企业提供信贷资金支持的同时,也推动了农村金融生态环境的改善和农村金融体系的完善,与我国整体金融改革相协调。本文对国内外小额信贷发展的前沿和热点问题进行了系统的梳理总结,介绍了小额信贷的概念和意义;并在此基础上,详细论述了小额信贷的发展历程和运作模式,多方面分析探讨了小额信贷的发展路径。通过归纳国内外众多文献资料和报告关于小额信贷的研究趋势和发展方向,结合中国实情,提出了我国小额信贷要坚持以支持"三农"和中小企业为导向,充分体现市场竞争和转变政府职能相结合的原则,未来发展的主流和重点应该是可持续性发展、正规化、利率市场化以及分层监管。     

我国农村小额信贷发展中的制度影响控制探析

我国农村小额信贷可视为一项微观信贷制度创新,表现为主要依赖五要素管理的新型信贷风险管理方式.在我国农村小额信贷发展中,主流商业信贷管理方式一直产生着影响.对担保制度的偏好可能使小额信贷制度的发展成为影响农村现有物权制度的因素之一,我国农村现有物权制度的特殊性要求我们注意并控制农村小额信贷制度可能产生的这种影响.     

我国小额信贷业务创新研究

本文从我国小额信贷业务创新的意义出发,介绍了小额信贷业务在我国的发展现状及存在问题。并结合我国经济发展及金融环境,分析了小额信贷在我国的发展机遇和潜力,最后提出了小额信贷业务创新的基本原则和具体建议。     

农户小额信贷风险评价体系研究

农村和农民缺少资金已成为农业发展的一大障碍.而小额信贷作为一种创新的支持农村经济发展方式,为广大农户提供了一种无需担保和抵押即能获得贷款的信贷服务模式,改变了传统意义上单纯依靠国家财政的局面.社会主义新农村的建设需要大量的资金支持,而农户小额信贷是推动农业发展、维护农村稳定和促进农民增收的重要资金来源.本文以辽宁省农村信用社为样本数据,基于Logit建立的小额信贷风险评价模型并对模型的拟合结果进行了检验,得出金融机构在发放小额信贷时可借助Logit模型来识别违约农户、选择非违约农户的结论.然后提出了建立农户小额信贷信用风险评价体系的几点建议,对防范农户小额信贷的信用风险具有较大现实意义.     

国外小额信贷理论与实践评析

小额信贷是为贫困人口以及小型企业创业者提供的信贷服务，作为一种金融创新，它开辟了以市场经济方式减轻贫困的新渠道，促进了规范化金融体系的均衡发展。小额信贷在国际上经过了大约30年的实践，获得了广泛的发展和认可，在一定程度上对传统的金融与经济发展理论、反贫困理论提出了挑战，引起国际学术界的关注，产生了许多研究成果。相对而言，小额信贷在中国的发展尚不令人满意，学术界对国外小额信贷理论研究的关注不够。因此，本文就小额信贷近年来国外有关理论动态和实践进展进行评析，以期对我国正在进行的农村金融改革及小额信贷组织试点带来有益的启示。     

我国农户小额信贷可持续发展研究体系述评

农户小额信贷是政府解决"三农"问题的重要手段,在我国已经取得了一定的成效,近年来面临可持续发展问题,学术界对此展开研究,出现了一批研究成果。本文阐述、评析农户小额信贷的供求分析、产品创新研究、风险管理问题研究、绩效评估研究、存在的问题及对策这一农户小额信贷研究体系,并指出未来研究方向。     

我国商业性小额信贷可持续发展的思考

我国商业性小额信贷试点已将近两年,试点是否可持续留下不少疑问的空间.透析商业性小额信贷公司试点中存在的一些问题,并针对这些问题提出相应的建议,以利于实现商业性小额信贷的可持续发展,引导农村金融创新.     

农村小额信贷:一个理论分析

进入社会主义新农村建设的新时期以来,中央对小额信贷作为一种适当的金融创新给予了肯定,并大力支持其发展.小额信贷是激活农村金融的催化剂,是完善农村金融的有效补充,是发展农村金融的良好创新.文章根据农村金融发展理论,从农村小额信贷的基本特征、小额信贷存在的必要性以及小额信贷的实际意义等几个方面进行了理论上的探讨.     

Understanding the disruptive business model innovation of E-business microcredit: a comparative case study in China

This paper uses an in-depth case study approach to compare and analyze e-business microcredit firms and traditional bank business models in China, employing a business model template redefined as an analytical tool. The results suggest that the EMF business model has typical disruptive innovation characteristics, shedding new light on the definition and criteria of disruptive business model innovation as little research has done on its systematic analysis. This study also presents a holistic conceptual framework for four triggers constituting their business model difference, inclusive of non-mainstream customer positioning, inclusive platform-based infrastructure, platform-based leveraged capability, and user experience-centered value proposition.     

South Africa's post-apartheid microcredit experiment: moving from state-enforced to market-enforced exploitation

The international donor community arrived in post-apartheid South Africa in the early 1990s to restructure the economy along neoliberal lines. One of the most important of the interventions it promoted was microcredit, which was widely seen as one of the principal self-help solutions to the exceptionally high levels of unemployment and poverty that prevailed in the Black South African community. In spite of an early ‘boom-to-bust’ episode in the early 2000s and worrying evidence it was actually further impoverishing far more Black South African's than it was actually helping escape from poverty and unemployment, the microcredit model did not lose its international support: if anything, this support was expanded as the international development community desperately sought to ensure the survival of the microcredit model and therefore also the centrality of self-help and individual entrepreneurship as the only way out of poverty for the poor. This article shows how and why the microcredit model was supported so strongly by the international development community and South African financial community in spite of its manifestly calamitous impact on Black South African community. Overall, I conclude, microcredit can be viewed as South Africa's own sub-prime-style disaster which, like the original US version, has mainly served to benefit a tiny financial elite working within and around the microcredit sector, whilst simultaneously destroying many of the most important pillars of the economy and society.     

突破性创新:国外理论研究进展和实证研究综述

对突破性创新的概念和内涵进行了界定,论述了突破性创新的理论和实践意义。将突破性创新与其他重要的技术创新类型(如渐进性创新、结构性创新、模块化创新等)进行比较,分析了突破性创新的类型和特征,阐述了突破性创新的过程和管理模式。深入评介了近年来国际权威期刊发表的有关突破性创新的实证研究文献,对其研究设计、研究问题及研究结论进行了全面分析。最后指出关于突破性创新的进一步研究方向。     

Maximizing Behavior: Reconciling Neoclassical and X-Efficiency Approaches

International capital flows are constrained by a lack of complementary human capital, information asymmetries and transaction costs for small loan sizes. Extant research has provided a myriad of economic and cultural explanations of how microcredit has overcome these. Based on these, the paper develops a simple economic framework that accounts for these behavioral and institutional factors: a discontinuous marginal revenue curve and a U-shaped supply curve of capital for the microcredit environment. It then uses these analytical tools to explain capital flows and interest rates charged by traditional moneylenders. Finally, it uses these tools to present the growth of microcredit and the increase in financial flows and to explain why microcredit interest rates are lower than those of moneylenders, but higher than those of commercial banks to wealthier borrowers.     

Microcredit,Labor, and Poverty Impacts in Urban Mexico

Improved household accessibility to credit is a significant determinant of intra‐household allocation of labor resources with important implications for productivity, income, and poverty status. However, credit accessibility could also have wider impacts on poverty if it leads to new hires outside the household. This paper contributes to the existing literature on microcredit in two important ways. First, it investigates the routes through which microcredit reaches those in poverty outside the household. We test whether by lending to the vulnerable non‐poor microcredit can indirectly benefit poor laborers through increased employment. Second, we conduct the study in the context of urban poverty Mexico. This is relevant when considering that labor often represents the only source of livelihoods to the extreme urban poor. Our findings point to significant trickle‐down effects of microcredit that benefit poor laborers; however, these effects are only observed after loan‐supported enterprising households achieve earnings well above the poverty line.     

郑洛新城市科技创新能力评价——兼论郑洛新国家自主创新示范区建设

基于区域创新体系理论,构建了包括知识创新能力、企业创新能力、政府创新能力、创新主体间联系和创新环境优化能力的城市科技创新能力评价指标体系。利用郑洛新国家自主创新示范区所依托的郑洛新的相关数据,综合评价了其科技创新能力。针对评价结果,对郑洛新国家自主创新示范区的建设提出了相关建议。     

创新型企业评价指标体系构建——基于广东省企业创新现状

对国内外创新企业评价研究的文献进行了回顾;结合广东省企业创新现状,从创新型企业的创新战略、创新制度与文化、创新投入、创新能力、创新过程、创新成果、创新绩效七个主要方面设计调查问卷,依据问卷调查结果并通过专家论证,构建了一套可供决策部门参考使用的创新型企业评价指标体系。     

国外创新竞赛机制设计研究述评

对国外创新竞赛的研究文献进行了梳理,重点针对创新竞赛的设计要素和奖励机制两方面的研究进行了评述。提出如下未来的研究方向:良好评价机制的构建;竞赛者的参与意愿与竞赛效率的影响因素;网上创新竞赛欺诈行为的防范机制。     

创新管理及未来展望

指出研究者们从不同视角理解创新的内在规律以及过程,提出技术经济学科应继续将创新作为学科研究重点,并引入多学科的研究视角。梳理了创新管理的发展趋势,即从产品创新和工艺创新走向商业模式创新、从封闭创新走向开放创新乃至协同创新、从渐进式创新走向突破型创新、从基于技术的创新走向基于科学的创新、从国家创新体系走向创新生态系统建设。     

国内外区域创新实践对我国中部创新发展的启示

在知识经济的挑战下，走创新发展的道路是我国中部地区实现跨越式发展的战略选择。区域创新发展的模式主要有：自主创新、模仿创新和合作创新模式；通过对三种创新模式在国内外实践的考察，可以看出，每种创新模式的成功都有其适用的条件；借鉴国内外的成功经验，根据我国中部的实际特点，认为中部地区应选择多元化的创新发展模式。