振源胶囊中人参皂苷Re含量测定方法分析

目的探讨振源胶囊中人参皂苷Re含量的测定方法和结果。方法使用Lichrospher C18色谱柱进行人参皂苷Re含量的测定,以乙腈-0.05%磷酸为流动相,柱温为35℃,流速为1mL?min-1,检测波长为203nm。结果振源胶囊中人参皂苷Re含量范围在0.308～1.540μg,加样回收率约为97.5%。结论由本次医学研究结果可知,使用高效液相色谱法对振源胶囊中人参皂苷Re含量进行检测,具有较高的准确性,是一种较为高效的临床检测方法。     

振源软胶囊的制备工艺和质量控制标准

目的探讨振源软胶囊的制备工艺和质量控制标准。方法研究考察崩解时间、吸湿性、囊壳变化和基质流动性等因素,对振源软胶囊的制备工艺和基本处方进行了分析,同时,通过高效液相色谱法对人参果中的人参皂苷Re含量进行测定,并采用薄层色谱法对其中的人参皂苷Rgl和Re进行测定。结果人参果总皂苷为振源胶囊主要有效成分,约占总剂量的1/4,人参皂苷Rgl和Re能良好分离,且具有较为清晰的薄层色谱斑点。结论本次医学研究结果证实,振源胶囊目前的制备工艺具有较好的重现性和稳定性,能实现批量化的工业生产,准确、快速、简便的质量控制标准,有助于该药物生产质量的进一步提高。     

三七总皂苷对痛风的干预

目的本文以尿酸钠100μg mL-1诱导体外急性炎症模型,观察三七总皂苷对ICAM-1表达及内皮细胞凋亡的影响,探讨临床用于痛风的价值。方法采用2.5、5.0、10.0μg mL-1浓度的三七总皂苷进行预干预,实时定量PCR检测ICAM-1的基因表达,流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡率。结果三七总皂苷组2.5、5.0、10.0μg mL-1明显抑制细胞凋亡（6.90±1.07）%,与模型组比较P〈0.01;能显著抑制ICAM-1基因的表达。结论三七总皂苷显著抑制炎症因子ICAM-1的表达及细胞凋亡。     

复方血栓通系列品种中四种皂苷通用检测方法研究

目的统一复方血栓通颗粒、片、滴丸和软胶囊中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rb1的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法,使用Thermo ODS2(5μm,150.0 mm×4.6 mm)色谱柱,柱温为20℃,以乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为203 nm。结果三七皂苷R1在0.0518~2.5900(r=0.9996)、人参皂苷Rg1在0.2090~8.3588(r=0.9991)、人参皂苷Re在0.0507~2.5371(r=0.9990)、人参皂苷Rb1在0.2044~8.1752(r=0.9995)范围内与峰面积线性关系良好;精密度、重复性、稳定性及加样回收率结果均能满足分析要求。结论该方法简单可行,为复方血栓通品种中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rb1含量测定方法的统一提供了可靠的依据。     

丹参提取物中酚酸类含量的快速检测方法分析

目的对丹参提取物中酚酸类含量的快速检测方法进行分析探讨,为今后的药学研究工作提供可靠的参考依据。方法将丹酚酸B作为对照,经分光光度法在482nm处对丹参提取物中的酚酸类物质的含量进行测定。结果经统计,所建立的方法中,丹酚酸B在0.0782～1.0166mg内存在良好的线性关系,r=0.9997,回收率为100.93%,RSD为0.79%。丹参提取物中酚酸类物质的含量为19.58%。结论经分光光度法对丹参提取物中酚酸类含量进行测定时具有操作简单、迅速、结果准确可靠,在丹参中总酚酸含量测定中可发挥重要作用,值得关注。     

全自动消解仪 ——石墨炉原子吸收法测定宁夏不同产地硒砂瓜中硒含量的研究

利用全自动消解仪处理样品,采用石墨炉原子吸收法法测定了宁夏中卫市不同产区硒砂瓜中Se含量,同时采用自动进样原子荧光分光光度计做比对.研究表明,该方法简便、灵敏,适合于硒砂瓜中Se的批量测定.试验分析结果表明,该方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.22%~3.31%之间,回收率在95.7%~104.1%之间,硒砂瓜不同产地中Se含量呈现一定差异.该测定结果为进一步探讨硒砂瓜中微量元素的含量及其功效的相关性提供了科学依据.     

高效液相色谱法测定丹皮酚软膏中丹皮酚的含量研究

目的 探讨高效液相色谱法在测定丹皮酚软膏中丹皮酚的含量中的应用价值.方法 为了有效控制丹皮酚软膏中主要成分丹皮酚的含量,本研究应用高效液相色谱法建立了一种测定丹皮酚软膏中丹皮酚含量的分析方法.结果 丹皮酚质量浓度为2.10~31.28μg/ml 范围内,丹皮酚的质量浓度与色谱峰面积呈现良好的线性关系.供试品溶液连续进样5 次的RSD(%)均小于1.0,重现性良好,符合高效液相色谱法测定含量的要求.样品溶液0 小时与8小时后峰面积无明显变化,供试品溶液8 小时内稳定.本品在相当于标示量的80%～120%范围内,测得丹皮酚的平均回收率为99.78%,相对标准偏差(RSD%)为0.65.表明该方法准确度良好,符合高效液相色谱法对含量测定的要求.按照确定的高效液相的方法,对中试六批产品及市售品进行含量测定,结果显示中试六批产品与市售品中的丹皮酚含量相比,相对标准偏差(RSD%)为2.23.结论 该方法测定本品含量的重现性好,准确可靠,专属性强,灵敏度高,符合高效液相色谱法对含量测定的要求.     

HPLC法测定天王补心丸丹参中丹参素钠的含量

目的测定天王补心丸丹参中丹参素钠的含量。方法用HPLC法定量测定天王补心丸中丹参的含量。结果丹参素钠的线性范围为12.8μg·mL-1～128.0μg·mL-1(r=0.9991,n=5);平均回收率为94.6%。结论该方法准确可靠,可用于天王补心丸丹参中丹参素钠的含量测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法和氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定珍珠层粉中总砷含量的不确定度评定比较

目的采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)分别测定珍珠层粉中总砷含量,并对测量结果进行不确定度评定比较。方法根据《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对ICP-MS和HG-AFS测定珍珠层粉中总砷含量的不确定度分量进行分析,并进行不确定度评定。结果称样量为0.5 g时,ICP-MS测定结果为(0.96±0.11)mg/kg,HG-AFS测定结果为(0.98±0.14)mg/kg,包含因子k=2。结论用ICP-MS和HG-AFS测定珍珠层粉中总砷含量,ICP-MS不确定度低于HG-AFS。     

山菠萝药材中总黄酮的含量测定

目的建立紫外分光光度法测定山菠萝总黄酮的方法。方法采用紫外分光光度法,以芦丁为对照品,以亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠显色剂,在波长505nm处对山菠萝药材中总黄酮进行含量测定。结果总黄酮在0.025～0.124mg/ml范围内线性关系良好（r=0.9992）;该法的平均加样回收率为99.27%,RSD=0.83%（n=9）;山菠萝药材中总黄酮的平均含量为13.75mg/g,3批药材含量差异较大（RSD=8.77%,n=3）。结论紫外分光光度法简便快速,稳定可靠,适用于山菠萝中总黄酮的含量测定。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Is wealth found in the soil or in the brain? Investing in farm people in Malawi

Should a typical developing country invest more in agriculture or education? At what stage of development is it optimal to invest more in each of these sectors? These are important questions that governments of developing countries grapple with when designing investment plans. In this paper, I propose a soil–human capital conceptual framework of development and use it to explain estimates of agricultural returns to schooling in Malawi. I use panel survey data for Malawi and rely on the exogenous education policy changes and spatial variation in access to schooling to identify effects of schooling on agricultural incomes. In addition, I correct for selection into income activities within a panel data and instrumental variables estimation framework. I find annual agricultural returns to schooling in Malawi of 3%–4% after correcting for selection and unobserved heterogeneity and 7% in the uncorrected specifications. I also find consistently higher returns to schooling in the nonagricultural sector for those not living in the village of birth and higher returns in the agricultural sector for those living in the village of birth. Given the size of the farm sector, wealth in Malawi is still in the soil, but that future growth in wealth depends on human capital investments.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.     

2010年黑龙江省宏观经济展望

受世界金融危机的影响,从2008年下半年起黑龙江省经济持续走低,2009年一季度跌入谷底。2009年前三季度,在国家扩大内需的政策刺激下,黑龙江省经济企稳回升,但经济运行中还存在出口下滑、物价水平较低等问题,经济下行的压力仍然存在,经济持续回升的基础尚待巩固。展望2010年,国家将继续实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,随着政策效应的逐步释放,内需对经济的拉动作用仍将十分强劲,另外,随着世界经济的复苏,黑龙江省外贸形势也将逐渐好转,在＂投资、消费、出口＂这三驾马车的共同作用下,2010年黑龙江省经济将步入全面复苏通道。     

Agricultural Roots in Intergenerational Transfers in China

Economists have been interested in the motivations of intergenerational transfers, for different motivations affect the effectiveness of anti-poverty public transfers. However, one’s motivation is largely shaped by culture and social conventions. This paper sheds light on the influence of rice cultivation in intergenerational transfers in China. This is also the first time that economists consider cultural factors in the study of intergenerational transfers. Cultivating rice requires elaborate irrigation systems and large amounts of labor input so that rice farmers have to cooperate extensively with their neighbors, which has gradually shaped people’s value to be more inter-dependent. Based on micro-level data from CHARLS and sub-national rice data from China, our empirical results show strong evidence that individuals from rice regions are more likely to provide economic support for their parents. A one-percentage point increase in the share of rice in the total grain planting area will raise transfer incidence by 0.2–0.4 percentage points, and rice region residents transfer on average 300–400 yuan more in 2011 and about 1,000 yuan more in 2013 to their parents than those from wheat regions. Meanwhile they are more inclined to rely on their adult children for elderly support. Urban citizens are less affected. Using instrumental variable estimation, we are able to prove the effect is causal. With future continued deepening of population aging in China, relying on children for old age support may become more and more unrealistic, the government needs to coordinate the relationship between public transfer and private transfer to ensure the quality of life for the elderly.     

我国推进银证混业经营中的相关模式选择

在分析和比较银证混业有关经营模式、过渡模式和监管模式的基础上,结合我国现有国情,指出我国应选择纯粹金融控 股公司的经营模式、"人为渐进"的过渡模式,辅之以银监会牵头的牵头监管模式,渐进地推进银证混业。     

Gender Differences in Time-Poverty in Rural Mozambique

Based on time-use data from a 2013 primary household survey, this study examines the nature and extent of time-poverty experienced by men and women in peasant households in Mozambique. The main findings indicate that while women's labor allocation to economic activities is comparable to that of men, household chores and care work are almost entirely women's responsibility. The heavy burden of responsibilities leave women significantly time-poorer compared to men. Women's time-poverty worsens when the burden of simultaneous care work is taken into account. In addition, due to multitasking, the work tends to be more taxing. The examination of determinants of time-poverty shows that common measures of individual economic power, such as assets and education, do not necessarily affect the time-poverty faced by women.