荷兰式招标与美国式招标:一个概念的误用

我国从1996年开始将竞争机制引入国债发行，逐步采用了国际上通用的招标方式来发行国债。与以前采用的政治动员加行政分派、承购包销等发行方式相比，这一市场化发行方式的采用显著地提高了国债的发行收益。从2003年起，财政部对记账式国债发行的招标规则又进行了重大调整，改变了原来以单一价格作为中标价格的做法，而采用美国中长期国债发     

招标制度的经济学分析

招标作为成熟市场经济条件下的一种交易方式，目前广泛应用于货币采购，建设工程发包等领域，但是，关于招标制度的研究还只限于表面作面的观察，而对于其在经济学深层次意义上的探讨还十分欠缺，文章从减少交易费用，发现均衡价格，形成招标方博弈三个方面对招标制度在经济学上的意义做了简要的分析。     

浅谈费率招标与工程量清单招标

目前招标市场上较常见的招标方式有费率招标和工程量清单招标，但各有优缺点，招标人具体选用哪种招标方式，要根据工程的具体情况而定，要综合考虑多种因素。     

简析工程量清单招标在新疆的推行

采用工程量清单招标的方式是国际上普遍使用的通行做法，已经有近百年的历史，有广泛的适应性，具有“科学、合理、实用”的特点。     

价格规制降低药品招标价格了吗?——基于基本药物制度和取消药品加成政策准自然实验的研究

为了回答我国政府能否通过药品价格规制来解决“以药养医”这一问题，本文首先构建理论模型分析药企面对价格规制的策略性反应。理论结果表明，药企会针对价格规制来调整药品投标价格和返利额度，以保证医生处方选择的激励；这种调整会提高招标价格，从而部分抵消价格规制对药价的抑制作用。在实证部分，本文将药品中标数据与国家基本药物目录、国家和各省的医保目录中的药物名单进行匹配构建数据样本，并使用此数据分析基本药物制度和取消药品加成政策对药品招标价格的影响。结果表明，基本药物制度导致招标价格提高约8%,而取消药品加成制度则导致招标价格提高约9%。可以看出，药企的策略性定价行为部分抵消了价格规制对药品价格的影响。     

综合评价法在冶金设备招标的应用

任何招标投标都是一种高级的、有组织有规范的交易方式,这已经在建设工程项目的货物、服务的采购方面得到了广泛的应用。在货物采购招标这一领域中,冶金机电设备的招标和投标是比较主要的类型之一。冶金机电设备并不是一般意义上所提到的货物,而是具有一定技术含量或者是较高的技术含量的,对这类机器设备的评价指标就具有很多技术方面的因素。为了能够在整个的招投标工作中充分发挥公平公正、公开择优的标准,这就需要使用科学的评分方法。本文主要介绍的是综合评价法在冶金设备招标中的应用。     

试论国债的公募招标发行方式

公募招标是市场化程度最高的发行方式,它不仅能够促进巨额国债的顺利发行以及降低发行成本,还有利于货币政策的实施。国债的招标发行包括单一价格招标和多种价格招标,其中前者侧重于国债招标价格的提高,后者侧重于国债招标数量的增加。这两种方式在我国近年来的国债发行实践中均被采纳过,但根据我国国情未来应主要发展多种价格招标方式。     

估价误差对无标底招标的影响

随着我国建筑市场改革的深入，越来越多的地区对传统招标模式进行了改革，无标底招标迅速推广。同时，传统的“量价合一”定额计价模式也受到国际惯例工程量清单计价模式的冲击。摆在我们面前的是如何尽快提高估算工程成本的水平，减小估价误差造成工程建设双方主体的损失。一、“量价合一”定额估价方法存在的系统偏差目前，各省的统一定额仍是施工企业投标的主要估价依据。在竞争日趋激励的市场经济中，“量价合一”定额存在以下缺陷：1.定额的静态性无法适应不断变化的市场，虽然有信息价作为动态调整依据，但是仍难以跟上市场变化的动态…     

医院应对招标的五条建议

目前，很多医院都成立了专门的招标机构，负责对备地招标的跟踪、数据的统计和分析等工作，但是还有很多医院没有成立相应的机构或机构形同虚设，有些招标部门只是负责资料的提供，对各地药品的招标价格掌握不完全。建立招标组织机构的目的就是把招标工作从事后弥补变成事前控制，     

水电站电气设备招标阶段应注意的问题

本文主要探讨水电站电气设备在招标阶段应注意哪些问题，从招标文件的编制、技术方案的制定开始，再到评标、合同签订，合同的履行，直至投产发电。本文仅从技术层面进行探讨，其他因素不在探讨范围之内。     

A comparison of optimal policy rules prior to and during inflation targeting: empirical evidence from Bank of Canada

We examine policy rules that are consistent with inflation targeting (IT) framework in a small macroeconomic model of the Canadian economy. We set up an optimal linear regulator problem and derive policy rules to compare the dynamics of pre-IT and IT eras. We find that while the optimal monetary policy rule in the pre-IT period is best described with a loss function that attaches equal weight to price stability, financial stability and output stability; the IT era is dominated by the price stability objective followed by the financial stability and output stability, consecutively. Moreover, we do not find an explicit role for exchange rate stability in the objective function of the Bank of Canada for both monetary policy eras. We, then, compare the properties of the derived optimal rules with those of an ad hoc Taylor rule for the IT period. In response to inflationary shocks, Taylor rule brings down inflation rates more quickly compared to the derived policy rules, but at the cost of a higher sacrifice ratio and more volatile interest rates.     

Price‐level versus inflation targeting under model uncertainty

It has recently been suggested that price‐level targeting (PLT) may be a superior approach to monetary policy than inflation targeting (IT) due to its ability to automatically influence inflation expectations to stabilize the economy. In this paper, I analyze whether PLT dominates IT if the ability of the central bank to influence expectations is limited by model uncertainty. Specifically, I analyze how the characterization and performance of PLT and IT rules are impacted if private agents form expectations according to a model that deviates from the policy‐maker's reference model. Using robust control to derive robust rules in such a situation, I find that the performance of PLT rules deteriorate faster than that of IT rules as the degree of misspecification increases. Nevertheless, the absolute decline in performance of the PLT rules is relatively small across alternative models that are statistically plausible.     

工程量清单招标论析

根据GB50500-2008《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》的要求,全部使用国有资金投资或国有资金投资为主的大中型建设工程应严格执行建设工程工程量清单招标。工程量清单招标是工程造价管理体制的改革与创新。但招标工作的程序、目前实施工程量清单招标中存在的一些问题和如何改进等都需要造价从业人员认真思考和研究。     

Factor analysis of demand growth for information technology input in Japan

The purpose of this article is to decompose demand changes for factor input and explore the factor that information technology (IT) capital stock has largely increased in Japan. The Allen partial elasticities of substitution are calculated and the variations in factor input demand are broken down into two effects—price effect and output effect, using industry-level data. From an estimation of the total cost function, the following conclusions are presented. While IT capital stock and ordinary capital stock are complementary, IT serves as a substitute for labor. The factors influencing the high growth rate in IT capital stock are the decrease in the prices of IT and ordinary capital services, and the increase in the labor price, in addition to the output effect. On the other hand, labor demand declines due to both the downward rigidity of wages and the decrease in prices of two kinds of capital services.     

施工企业投标与报价策略研究

在当今招投标市场竞争异常激烈的情况下,为使企业获得良好的经济效益和社会效益,任何施工企业都必须重视投标与报价策略的研究。对投标与报价两个方面的策略进行系统研究,望能使招投标市场竞争更加公平,施工企业能更好提高自身质量。     

制定风景区门票价格数学模型的研究

风景区门票价格的科学制定,是社会关注的焦点之一.通过对风景区的功能和特点,以及旅游市场的分析研究,探讨了制定风景区门票价格应遵循"按质定价"、"保护与适度开发"、"市场供求关系"和"客主权益兼顾"4项基本原则,构成风景区门票价格的基本因素和弹性因素,考核风景区质量特征的有关指标体系;建立了制定风景区门票价格的数学模型;提出了实施方略.     

The dynamic effectiveness of monetary policy in China: evidence from a TVP-SV-FAVAR model

We use a broad set of China’s macroeconomic indicators and a dynamic factor model to estimate latent factors of economic output and inflation, which are used to measure the ultimate objectives of monetary policy. The above factors and policy variables are incorporated into a TVP-SV-FAVAR model to investigate the dynamic effectiveness of Chinese monetary policy. Our results confirm that the effects of Chinese monetary policy are time-varying. By comparing the quantity rule with the price rule, we find that the price rule is more effective in managing China’s macro-economy, especially after the financial crisis. Moreover, the results can be regarded as a division of policy rules in a way that different rules are directed at different objectives.     

市场微观结构及其对市场流动性的影响分析

信息技术的飞速发展给证券市场带来的交易系统计算机化的革命引起了证券交易的一系列变革,使得以证券交易结构为核心的市场微观结构的选择已经成为证券价格发现过程及资本市场健康发展的重要因素。本文重点介绍了市场微观结构的一些要素,并着重分析了市场微观结构对市场流动性的影响。     

Fragmentation and East Asia's information technology trade

This article studies the growth and determinants of information technology (IT) trade in the Asia-Pacific region. We argue that the rise of IT trade must be understood within the context of increasing vertical fragmentation of production processes that has occurred over the past two decades. To evaluate this empirically, we estimate a set of pooled bilateral IT export equations for eight Asian countries, the USA and the EU, where foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows are introduced as a proxy for fragmentation. We apply a panel cointegration approach that allows for heterogeneity in short-run dynamics and in fixed effects. Consistent with production fragmentation, we find that the evolution of IT trade can be explained in part by traditional income and relative price effects but also by FDI inflows.     

The price stability under inflation targeting regime: An analysis with a new intermediate approach

This paper analyzes the relevance of the inflation targeting (IT) policy in achieving its primary goal of medium-term price stability. Contrary to previous studies, we propose, in this work, a new approach; an intermediate approach that consists in conducting a time-series analysis (employed in the literature under unilateral cases-absolute approach) with a comparison of inflation performance of IT countries and those of non-IT countries (comparison made in literature under the relative approach). Empirically, we employ a frequency analysis based on evolutionary spectral theory of Priestley (1965–1996) in order to distinguish between different inflation horizons; short-run and the medium-run inflation rates. To check the stability of spectral density functions for inflation series for each country under studied frequencies, we apply a Bai and Perron (2003a,b) test. Our results show that after IT framework implementation, there is no break point in inflation series in short and medium terms. This result is not verified for non-IT countries. Therefore, IT is more relevant in achieving price stability and consequently more effective on inflation expectation anchoring than other monetary policies.