安阳物流业发展状况与对策研究

安阳物流业目前存在的物流基础设施建设、物流需求、物流企业发展等方面的问题制约着物流业的健康发展。为降低社会物流成本,优化资源配置,政府应扩展物流企业融资渠道,加强物流产业扶持力度,出台物流产业管理规范,提高安阳物流企业信息化水平,加大物流人才培养规模,加快安阳物流园区的建设。     

我国物流产业升级的对策思考

供应链管理是物流管理的高级形态,代表物流业发展的高级阶段。供应链管理的兴起为我国物流业转型升级提供重要机遇。当前,我国物流业整体发展水平较落后,需要加快转型升级。通过大力发展第三方物流、提高物流产业集中度、提升物流信息化水平、促进物流业低碳发展、统筹东中西部地区及城乡之间物流业均衡发展、推动物流企业走向国际化,不断提升我国物流业供应链管理水平。     

南京市物流业发展现状及存在问题分析

经济的快速发展,必然带动物流需求的迅猛增长。南京市作为东部地区的发达城市,其物流业的发展在一定程度上影响着其经济的发展程度。近年来,南京市物流业取得了长足的发展,货物运输总量和物流业务收入增长较快,但物流成本偏高,物流企业运营困难。物流业及物流公司的健康快速发展,需要政府创建较好的外部环境,规范物流市场,合理布局物流园区;物流企业要引进和培养高素质的现代物流管理人才,注重整合内部物流资源,降低物流成本,提高企业竞争力。     

诚信伦理视阈下物流企业创新发展的思考

物流业是一个复合型的新兴产业,物流业的发展与生产和流通关系密切。伴随着经济全球化步伐的加快和社会需求水平的不断提高,物流活动的影响也越来越大,社会对物流服务的要求越来越高。面对新情况新挑战,物流行业提高服务质量,实现企业自律的呼声高涨,物流伦理被提上日程,诚实守信、守法经营,塑造物流企业良好社会形象,促进物流业持续快速高效健康发展成为共同目标。     

对我国"物流热"的分析

目前"物流热"已成为继前几年的"房地产热"、"WTO热"之后我国经济发展的一个新热点。物流企业数量迅速增加,物流园区、物流中心不断上马。据统计,目前我国已有8000多家第三方物流企业,另外提供物流服务的企业更达到72万家。同时,物流业的发展也还存在着物流企业规模小、物流业的地区发展不平衡、物流业设施建设缺少统一规划、物流业信息化水平较低等方面的问题。     

WTO时代我国物流产业现状与发展趋向剖析

加入WTO后,跨国化、规模化和网络经济化的全球物流业对我国物流业产生巨大影响。当前我国物流业呈现高增长、粗放经营、第三方物流方兴未艾、区域物流发展不平衡以及竞争激烈等现状,并朝集约化与协同化、服务优质化、信息化、绿色化、全球化与国际化方向发展。为保持物流业的健康发展,应发挥政府在物流业中的指导作用,积极发展现代物流;转变物流经营方式,提高物流业核心竞争力;参与全球供应链一体化,发展国际物流。     

徐州成立现代物流发展研究院_

徐州现代物流发展研究院近日在徐州工程学院正式揭牌成立。徐州现代物流发展研究院立足于高校科研优势,既服务于政府宏观决策、制定物流发展规划,又为企业提供物流管理方案和技术创新支持,致力于推动当地物流业从传统物流向现代物流加快转变。     

浅析我国食品冷链的发展思路

随着生活水平的提高,对冷链物流提出了更高的要求。中国食品冷链物流业存在着许多严重的问题,冷链物流体系不完整,市场化程度不高,基础设施陈旧。对于这些问题,国家需要出台政策法规,支持冷链物流产业的发展,加大投资力度,大力发展第三方冷链物流企业的发展,从而全面促进冷链物流业的发展。     

推进现代物流业发展的思考——以安徽省阜阳市为例

作为欠发达的内陆农业大市安徽省阜阳市,发展现代物流业是应对国际金融危机的迫切需要,是适应经济全球化趋势的客观要求,是国民经济持续快速发展的必要保证,是贯彻落实科学发展观的重要举措,也是阜阳市加速崛起、建设皖西北中心城市的现实选择。但是,安徽省阜阳市发展现代物流业还受物流一体化协调化程度低、物流企业专业化水平不高、第三方物流发展滞后、硬件建设落后、专业人员缺乏、发展矛盾重重等因素的制约。有鉴于此,阜阳市发展现代物流业必须抓好规划的落实与引导;实施产业结构升级行动计划,以刺激物流需求;加大物流组织形式的创新力度,进一步完善物流主体;发展物流载体,打造物流平台;增强市场辐射力,提升现代物流业发展档次;并确立物流业持续健康发展的政策体系,为现代物流业发展营造良好的软环境。     

县域物流对经济发展作用及其优化路径研究——以山东茌平县为例

物流产业是经济发展的"助推器",其能促进区域产业结构调整,协调区域经济发展,增强区域经济发展活力。茌平物流业发展较快,特色的区域性物流基地逐步建立,专业化的物流企业发展迅速,物流装备信息化建设取得成效,满足了当地物流运输的需要,促进了茌平的经济发展。同时,茌平物流业仍存在着物流企业缺乏专业组织,物流市场缺乏政策指导和约束,物流中心设置不合理,物流标准有待规范,物流运行方式亟待进一步转变,物流专业人才缺乏等问题。针对以上问题,要充分发挥市场调节机制,辅以政策支持;科学建立物流中心;发展基础设施,完善物流营运链;强化政府政策支持,优化物流发展的环境;培养专业化物流人才,提高物流产业的管理和决策水平,以促进县域物流发展,充分发挥其在区域经济发展的作用。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。