科技服务业研究述评与展望

科技服务业是现代产业体系的重要组成部分,是加强区域创新体系建设的重要路径。近年来科技服务业的快速发展,使其受到了学术界的广泛关注。对国内外已有文献进行梳理,从科技服务业的内涵、特征及分类,科技服务业创新能力及发展水平评价,科技服务业发展与产业升级耦合机制,科技服务业发展模式及路径和科技服务业发展政策体系等5个方面进行述评,并提出研究展望。     

江苏省科技服务业集聚发展问题研究

科技服务业是现代服务业的重要组成部分,加快其发展有利于区域创新系统创新能力的整体提升。从科技服务业的定义、分类及特征入手,探讨了科技服务业集聚发展的必要性。结合江苏省科技统计资料,从科技服务业发展的现状出发,提出了加快江苏科技服务业集聚发展的政策建议。     

完善科技创新体系视角下的浙江科技服务业发展研究

党的二十大报告提出完善科技创新体系。科技服务业是国家创新体系的重要组成部分，对提升区域创新能力、加快科技成果转化和培育新经济增长点具有重要意义。随着创新驱动发展战略的实施，浙江省科技服务业呈现出体系化、平台化、市场化、金融化等发展新趋势新模式，本文针对浙江省科技服务业发展的问题提出平台建设、市场主体培育等对策建议。     

科技服务业激励政策的多元分析框架

科技服务业激励政策理论框架,是围绕如何推动科技服务业的发展,以激励为主要内容,构建的一套政策系列图。主要从形式(政策)、内容(激励)和对象(科技服务业)3个视角,通过理论依据援引、分析逻辑阐释,最终构建了3个科技服务业激励政策的理论框架。各地方政府在构建本地科技服务业激励政策体系的过程中,可以根据本地实际情况,选取其中一个理论框架来指导实践。     

服务业集聚发展的机理和国际经验

获得外部规模经济、范围经济和学习创新效应、文化品牌效应,是服务业集聚发展的基本动因。概括了服务业集聚发展的国际经验,提出服务业集聚发展是实现服务业内部结构优化升级的重要途径,也是增强区域服务业体系的整体功能和创新能力之重要依托;服务业集聚发展是培育网络化的服务业产业体系的重要载体,也是发展壮大服务业、增强其可持续发展能力的重要支撑;现代服务业集聚区是转变发展方式的引领力量,也是打造区域经济增长极的重要载体;服务业集聚区是城镇功能疏解和转型升级的重要载体,也是深化产城融合、优化城镇化空间布局的重要依托;区位条件、市场需求、基础设施和产业生态环境等是服务业集聚区形成发展的基本原因,但政府规划和政策引导的影响往往也是举足轻重的。     

芬兰知识密集型服务业发展政策及启示

我国正处在加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期,如何借鉴它国发展知识密集型服务业的经验与政策,从而促进我国经济结构战略性调整、推动创新型国家建设是目前重要的研究课题。系统分析芬兰知识密集型服务业（KIBS）的发展状况,详细阐述芬兰发展KIBS的政策体系,并从国家创新体系、国家KIBS创新计划、KIBS区域发展战略、区域KIBS开发公司、产业政策环境等方面提出政策建议。     

中国科技服务业空间演化及影响因素研究

科技服务业作为现代产业体系的重要组成部分,在推进区域创新体系建设中发挥着关键作用。近年来随着经济全球化进程的加快,作为现代服务业核心的科技服务业在全球得到飞速发展,受到了学术界的广泛关注。发达国家的科技服务业组织机构种类繁多,组织形式多样化,为中国科技服务业发展提供了较为先进、合理、有效的经验模式。现阶段中国科技服务业产值较低,在国民经济中所占比重不高,今后应积极提升其集聚度,推动科技服务业的发展,使其在国民经济中发挥重要作用。研究发现,中国科技服务业集聚表现出一定的空间演化特征,科技服务业整体集聚水平不断提高,中西部地区科技服务业集聚现象不明显,科技服务业逐渐向东部、京津和长三角地区以及北京、上海两市集聚;政府行为对科技服务业的发展影响最大,人力资本具有积极影响,知识溢出具有两面性等。由此,中国科技服务业发展应积极加大政府扶持力度,充分发挥企业在市场中的作用等,提高科技服务业集聚度,促进科技服务业发展。     

北京市科技服务业发展环境分析及对策研究

运用PEST方法分别分析了北京市科技服务业的政治、法律、经济、社会和技术环境。平稳发展的经济,变化的消费结构以及对环保、安全、灾害关注程度的增加都对科技服务业发展产生了巨大需求,科技全球化、第三方服务和外包服务为科技服务业发展带来了新的机遇和挑战,同时,初步建立的科技服务业政策体系、较高的教育水平、完善的基础设施、新建的技术交易市场和共享平台则为北京市科技服务业提供了政策、人力、物质条件等支持。     

我国现代科技服务业发展中政府管理创新研究

现代科技服务业是科技创新体系建设的重要内容,科技与经济紧密结合、科技成果的转化对一国经济发展具有非常重要的作用。我国政府对现代科技服务业的管理存在许多问题:行政权力市场化使行业运行资金匮乏、地方及部门保护主义严重、缺乏政策支持等,只有适时解决好这些问题才能更好地推进现代科技服务业的发展。     

科技服务业支撑现代产业体系建设的路径创新

新时代,科技服务业夯实了产业体系的创新动力.充分发挥科技服务业的创新引领和辐射带动作用,建设现代产业体系,是经济高质量发展的必由之路.以北京为例,对科技服务业支撑现代产业体系建设进行了实证分析.科技服务业促进创新创业生态完善,为产业培育创造了良好环境;以科技服务业组织为重要载体,夯实产业创新能力支撑.同时,科技服务业对...     

中国生产性服务业的水平、结构及影响——基于投入—产出法的国际比较研究

本文采用投入—产出法并基于截面数据,对中国和13个OECD经济体的生产性服务业发展水平、部门结构及其影响进行了比较研究。结果发现:与OECD经济体相比,中国国民经济及其三次产业中的物质性投入消耗相对较大,而服务性投入(即生产性服务)消耗相对较小;大多数OECD经济体生产性服务的将近70%都投入到了服务业自身,而中国生产性服务的一半以上则投入到了第二产业;中国与OECD经济体的服务业及其分部门的影响力系数都较小,但后者的感应力系数高于中国,表明中国服务业的增长不仅不能对国民经济产生应有的带动作用,其本身受其他部门的需求拉动作用也不大。中国生产性服务业发展的差距不只是由经济发展阶段决定的,而是在很大程度上缘于社会诚信、体制机制和政策规制的约束。因此,打破市场垄断、理顺市场机制、规范市场运行秩序和政府行为以及打造诚信经济,应该成为政策制订的着力点。     

EXPLAINING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN SERVICE INDUSTRIES: MICRO DATA EVIDENCE FOR SWITZERLAND

In this paper, we analysed empirically the innovative behaviour of firms in the Swiss service sector building on the wide consent in economic literature that demand prospects, type and intensity of competition, market structure, factors governing the production of knowledge (appropriability, technological opportunities), financing conditions as well as firm size are the main determinants of a firm's innovative activity. For the empirical work, we used firm data from nine service industries collected by the Swiss Innovation Survey 1999. We obtained a pattern of explanation of the innovative activity which looked quite plausible across the different types of innovation measures used (input-oriented and output-oriented innovation variables); it was also consistent to that found earlier for manufacturing. In general, the empirical model captured rather the characteristics of the basic decision to innovate rather than those of the decision to choose some level of innovative activity.     

The Logic of Membership of Sectoral Business Associations

This paper assesses the logic of membership of sectoral business associations in Britain using evidence from a proportionate stratified random sample of associations. The British system gives no statuatory status to business associations. As a result the size and fragmentation of associations is similar to the US, membership of associations is interpreted in terms of the logic of specific business service demand and the logic of collective activities. Expectations from models of collective action, associability and involvement are used to interpret association membership. The paper argues that the normal distinction between associations as trade, professional or "peak" bodies is too simplistic in not properly differentiating the types of member. The paper employs instead a set of six categories dependent on the type of members: companies, owner-managers, the self-employed, and individuals, as well as bodies with mixed membership, and federations (which are associations of associations). Survey evidence demonstrates that member motives for joining, lapsing and constraining service development differ significantly between association types and tend most strongly to emphasise the logic of individual services as complements to the logic collective activity. Analysis of the rates of joining and lapsing membership show evidence of reluctance to join and high rates of lapsing.     

PATTERNS OF INNOVATION IN THE SERVICE SECTOR: SOME INSIGHTS FROM THE SPANISH INNOVATION SURVEY

Although the attention of innovation studies has traditionally been focused on manufacturing, the differential features of innovation activities carried out by services are gaining more and more relevance in innovation research. The aim of this paper is to thoroughly analyse the data from the Spanish Innovation Survey 2000, the first large-scale innovation survey that included service activities in Spain, in order to identify the main patterns of innovation in Spanish services. The results of our investigations confirm that a high degree of heterogeneity, in relation to innovation patterns, exists among service firms and among service industries as well. Nevertheless, important similarities are found between pioneer classifications, such as the theoretical taxonomy of service industries by Soete and Miozzo (1989) Soete, L. and Miozzo, M. 1989. “Trade and Development in Services: A Technological Perspective”. The Netherlands: MERIT Research Memorandum, 89-031. MERIT.  [Google Scholar] or the classification of service firms elaborated by Hollenstein (2003) Hollenstein, H. 2003. Innovation modes in the Swiss service sector: a cluster analysis based on firm-level data. Research Policy, 32(5): 845–863. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], and the taxonomy we obtained by applying multivariate analysis.     

Services liberalization and productivity of manufacturing firms

Employing a unique database of Ukrainian firms in 2001–07, we use the external push for liberalization in the services sector as a source of exogenous variation to identify the effect of services liberalization on total factor productivity (TFP) of manufacturing firms. The results indicate that a standard deviation increase in services liberalization within a firm is associated with a 9.2 percent increase in TFP. The effect is stronger for firms with high productivity, bringing about a reallocation of resources within an industry. Industry‐level results show that the effect of reallocation on industry productivity is almost as strong as the within‐firm effect. The dynamic interaction of services liberalization and TFP through the investment channel reinforces the effect. The effect is robust to different estimation methods and to different sub‐samples of the data. In particular, it is more pronounced for domestic and small firms.     

服务业增长、城市化与经济发展——改革开放后中国数据的经验研究

经济发展的实践表明,产业结构转变的高级阶段是现代服务业成为国民经济的主导.工业化推动了城市化,城市化引致生产要素向城市集聚,城市数量增加和规模的提升、非农人口比重的提高极大地刺激了服务业的需求,居民收入的增加和就业结构的转变最终促进了服务业的发展.本文建立多变量的计量模型,使用Johan-son协整、ECM、VAR、IRF和方差分解等现代经济计量方法对改革开放以来中国经济增长中的服务业进行经验研究,从经济发展和结构转变的角度考察了服务业的增长.     

服务全球化的发展趋势和理论分析

本文研究服务全球化的概况和趋势,并作相应理论分析。首先对服务全球化发展状况及特点进行描述,从不同方面揭示服务全球化是经济全球化的重要组成部分和当代特征。其次提出推动服务全球化的主要因素,强调这些因素都将长期存在并不断加强,推动服务全球化深化发展。还区分了服务业和服务全球化的"真实增长"和"名义增长"两种情况。第三部分探讨传统分工理论的适用性,指出比较优势理论和要素禀赋理论都适用于分析服务业全球分工,并进一步提出将商品和服务都"还原为要素组合"的观点,使理论更具一般性。接下来从人力资源重要性、劳动力"虚拟"跨境流动、知识密集的生产者服务和广泛的非经济影响四个方面,论述服务全球化的特点和特殊意义。最后的结论是,服务全球化有利于世界经济增长和解决全球性问题,中国要利用这个机遇促进自身发展,有关理论研究需要加强和深化。     

Identifying Neo-Schumpeterian Innovation in Service Firms: A Conceptual Essay with a Novel Classification

The identification of innovation in service firms is problematic since there is no consensus of opinion on its conceptualization. Recent papers suggest both distinctive features of innovation in services and distinctive types of service innovation. This article reviews and evaluates these findings from a Schumpeterian perspective. The evaluation justifies conceptualizing service innovation as a specific case of service development with a reference to Schumpeter, but not as strict as proposed by Drejer (2004) [Drejer, I. (2004) Identifying Innovation in Surveys of Services: A Schumpeterian Perspective. Research Policy, 33, 551–562]. Despite the simultaneity of production and consumption in services, this article claims that the distinction between product innovation and process innovation should be preferred to other ways of classifying innovation in service firms. Finally, changes in the denomination of services are advanced as a key to the identification of development and innovation in service firms.     

Exploring and comparing innovation patterns across different knowledge intensive business services

Using data from a survey of 769 firms, this paper provides empirical evidence of the nature of innovation and its determinants within knowledge intensive business services (KIBS). The aim of the paper is to analyse how KIBS innovate and whether they innovate differently in three Canadian knowledge intensive business industries: Computer System Designs and Related Services; Management, Scientific and Technical Consulting Services; and, Architectural, Engineering and Related Services. There are clear differences in the innovation profiles of the three sectors, which suggest that KIBS cannot be analysed as an undifferentiated group of establishments. However, there are also important within-sector differences that call for further investigation.     

Threshold cointegration and nonlinear adjustment between goods and services inflation in the United States

In this paper, we model the long-run relationship between goods and services inflation for the United States over the period 1968:1–2003:3. Our empirical methodology makes use of recent developments on threshold cointegration that consider the possibility of a nonlinear relationship between the two inflation series. According to our results, the null hypothesis of linear cointegration would be rejected in favor of a two-regime threshold cointegration model. Consequently, we could expect a cointegrating relationship only when the divergence between services inflation and goods inflation is above the threshold point estimate.