城乡结合部社区管理的问题及对策——以湖北襄阳市S社区为例

城乡结合部是介于传统意义上的城市和农村社区之外的第三类社区,在以往的社区研究中也处于相对边缘的地位。以襄阳市S社区为例,较详细地分析了我国城乡结合部治理面临的主要问题,从社区组织、社区功能和社会资本建设等方面探讨了城乡结合部社区整合的途径。     

生态位态势理论在城乡结合部应用的初步研究：以南京市为例

生态位态势理论作为生态学最重要的基础理论之一,对于认识自然和社会系统中组成单元的地位、作用、系统演化和发展的动力与机制等都具有重要意义。本将生态位及态势理论引入城乡结合部研究中,并以南京市为例,具体分析了城乡生态及其态势对于城乡结合部空间扩展的塑造作用。最后,本对如何实现南京市城乡结合部可持续发展作出了有益的探索。     

提升江苏城乡基层社会治理现代化水平研究

近年来,江苏牢记习近平总书记的嘱托,系统谋划、推进城乡基层社会治理现代化,为江苏高质量发展奠定了扎实基础,但与新时代新要求相比仍存在短板。因此,要进一步加强和完善党总揽全局、协调各方的领导体制,高质量推进城乡基层社会治理现代化建设;强化“网格化管理+智慧社区”建设,探索城乡基层社会治理现代化发展新路径;加快基层干部职业化步伐,切实提升城乡基层社会治理能力和水平;坚持依法治理,加强法律法规建设,为推进城乡基层社会治理现代化提供法治保障。     

县域可持续发展指标评价研究(Ⅰ)—理论分析

一、县域可持续发展评价的重要性占国土面积 90 %以上 ,有 9亿多人口的县级区域 ,蕴藏着丰富的自然资源和人力资源 ,它们的社会经济系统能否有序持续的发展 ,不仅影响着我国的现代化建设进程 ,也将决定着全国的生态环境水平和可持续发展。作为城乡结合部 ,以农业和农村社会经济的发展为主体 ,即从事三大产业的经济再生产 ,又兼蓄社会、文化教育、卫生等领域发展的县域 ,是我国实施党政领导管理和实现各项事业持续发展调控的基层综合社会经济系统。没有农村人口的有效控制和广大农民生活水平的逐步提高 ;没有农业的持续稳固发展和其基础的不…     

小城镇拉动县域经济发展研究

县域经济是我国重要的功能较为完备的综合性经济体系,小城镇是城乡经济社会发展的重要中间环节.小城镇建设有利于繁荣县域经济、推进农业产业化和工业化、促进城乡统筹发展,是实现区域可持续发展的重要举措.小城镇建设要因地制宜、合理规划,采用科学方法.     

从建设资金的视角探讨新型农村社区建设

新型农村社区建设是推进城乡一体化的切入点、统筹城乡发展的结合点、促进农村发展的增长点。本文从经济的角度概括了新型农村社区建设的四种模式,简要分析影响新型社区建设的经济因素,并尝试提出完善新型农村社区建设的资金支持体系的建议。     

城乡结合带规划管理问题探讨

随着我国城市化步伐逐渐加快，使得城乡结合部建设用地需求增加，由于缺乏相应的管理体制和完善的规划体系配合导致大量耕地转化为建设用地，土地规划失控，土地集约利用程度低，因此城乡结合部土地管理成为了规划管理工作的难点。由于城市向郊区不断扩展,城乡结合部逐渐出现了一些混乱局面给城市功能划分和城市品味的提升带来不利影响。必须通过科学编制规划有效监管和完善长效机制等措施不断推进城乡结合部健康发展，为未来城市继续拉大骨架提供良性前瞻。本文详细分析了当前城乡结合部规划管理存在的问题，提出通过完善机制、科学编制规划及有效监管等手段，不断推进城乡结合部健康发展。     

县域可持续发展指标评价研究（I）—理论分析

占国土面积90％以上，有9亿多人口的县级区域，蕴藏着丰富的自然资源和人力资源，它们的社会经济系统能否有序持续的发展,不仅影响着我国的现代化建设进程，也将决定着全国的生态环境水平和可持续发展。作为城乡结合部，以农业和农村社会经济的发展为主体，即从事三大产业的经济再生产，又兼蓄社会、化教育、卫生等领域发展的县域，是我国实施党政领导管理和实现各项事业持续发展调控的基层综合社会经济系统。没有农村人口的有效控制和广大农民生活水平的逐步提高；没有的农业的持续稳固发展和其基础的不断加强，没有农村生态环境的积极改善和保护，就不可能保障我国《21世纪议程》远大目标的顺利实现因此，构建县域可持续发展评价指标，对县域可持续发展的现状和能力进行评价具有特别重要的意义。     

《锻造县域经济核心竞争力》评介

县作为行政区划和行政管理的基层层次,处于安民、富民的第一线,"郡县治天下安",这一古训至今仍然适用.如果说大中城市经济是国民经济的引擎与支柱,县域经济则是国民经济的基石.党的十六届五中全会提出建设社会主义新农村的重大历史任务后,县域经济的地位与重要性更加凸显.建设社会主义新农村的着眼点是统筹城乡发展,而县域正处于城乡的结合部;建设社会主义新农村的支撑点是工业反哺农业、城市支持农村,而以城带乡长效机制的关节点、中继点恰在县域;从农村富余劳动力的向外转移看,发展壮大县域经济是实现就近就地转移与异地转移并举的必由之路.至于现代农业的发展、农村现代流通体系的构建,农村义务教育、技能培训、科技普及和文化、卫生等各项社会事业网络的发展,无不依托县域的统一规划和组织推进;可以说县级政府是推进社会主义新农村建设的前沿指挥部.     

加强农村社区建设 推进城乡一体化进程

统筹城乡一体化发展,实现城乡社会的整合与融合,加快推进城乡社区的建设是一条有效且必经的路径。城乡社区建设推进县域城乡一体化,其关键就在于通过加强对农村社区的建设     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。