中国股市的规模效应问题

本文在参阅国内外有关文献的基础上，分别以总市，流通市值，总资产，主营业务收入为公司规模的衡量指标，利用国内比较权威的数据库，研究了1997年1月至2000年12月沪深两市所有股票（组合）的收益与公司规模之间的关系。研究发现，无论上述哪哪种指标代表公司规模，由该指标划分的股票组合的平均收益与公司规模都呈现明显的负相关关系。本文以总市值和流通市值衡量公司规模时还计算了各组合经过市场调整和风险调整的超额收益。同样发现超额收益与公司规模之间的负相关关系。本文通过模截面回归的方法检验了公司规模对股票收益的解释能力。证实了负相关关系的显著性，最后文章还通过简单的公司分类对上述关系做了敏感性分析，并对其中的原因进行了探索性分析。     

财务报告质量与股票收益波动率关系探讨

本文主要探讨高质量的财务报告是否可以帮助投资者做出相关决策,从而避免股市波动时所造成的损失。文章以2007年—2012年A股上市公司为研究样本,考察财务报告质量与股票收益波动率之间的内在关系。研究发现,股票收益波动率与恶化的盈余质量之间存在显著的正相关关系。从一定程度上来说,上市公司的收益波动率越小,说明其财务报告质量越高。当股市出现大幅波动时,由于投资者可以从高质量的财务报告中得到有效的信息,从而可以有效减少损失。     

股票市场有效性对风险收益关系的动态影响 ——基于信息交换和信息不对称视角

经典金融理论指出,金融市场整体的风险与收益呈正相关关系,但很多实证结果都背离了这一理论假设.笔者认为,实证结果与理论不一致的原因在于,风险收益关系不是静态的,而是随着市场有效性的变化而变化的.由此,笔者构建了非线性变系数风险收益模型,采用交易量代表信息交换行为的活跃度,用大宗交易股票数量来度量市场上的信息不对称性,使用上海股票市场2010—2015年的高频数据进行实证研究发现,上海股票市场的整体收益与风险始终存在显著的正相关关系,但单位风险所产生的收益则随着市场有效性的变化而变化.当市场有效性差时,信息交换减少,信息不对称性增加,这时收益的自相关性增强,风险对收益的解释能力减弱.     

齐当别模型与股权溢价之谜

一、股权溢价之谜 股权溢价(The Equicy Premium)是指股票收益率大于无风险资产收益率的现象.由于股票的风险较大,市场上大量的风险厌恶型投资者必然会要求以高收益来补偿持有股票所带来的高风险,因此一定程度的股权溢价是正常的市场现象.然而,大量针对不同时期与地区的实证研究表明,股权溢价程度远远超出了标准经济学模型所能解释的范围,这一现象被称之为"股权溢价之谜".     

股票收益的非正态分布模型

股票收益分布具有尖峰厚尾的特征，因此以往的关于股票收益的分布服从正态分布的论断存在缺陷。Laplace分布比正态分布能更准确地刻画股票收益分布；而且，日收益服从Laplace分布的股票，其周收益和月收益均服从Laplace分布。     

风格投资与收益协同性——基于上证180指数调整的实证分析

风格投资与收益协同性是行为金融学的一个崭新课题.通过构建上证180指数成份股和非成份股投资组合,利用多元回归分析对2002至2006年上证180指数成份股调整事件进行的实证分析,我们发现在指数中增加股票后,股票收益的市场风险系数显著增加;反之,从指数中剔除股票后,股票收益的市场风险系数显著下降.这一实证结果表明,我国证券市场上存在收益协同性,而且协同性表现出较强的风格投资特征.因此,风格投资是产生收益协同性的重要原因.     

股票收益的“反转”现象与解释

文章指出 ,在我国市场中 ,股票风险对股票收益的影响重大。在股市高涨 (牛市 )时期 ,投资于风险越高的股票 ,所获得的超额收益也越高 ;而在股市低迷时期则相反 ,投资于风险越高的股票 ,所承受的损失就越大。而且通过股票风险对股票收益的影响研究 ,发现了我国股市存在对利润的过度反映和股市调整所产生的“反转”现象。     

机构投资者、波动性和股票收益——基于沪深A股股票市场的实证研究

本文以2003—2011年沪深A股为样本,考察机构投资者对股市波动性及股票收益的影响。本文研究结果表明:(1)机构投资者持股比例的提高加剧了股票的波动,但股票波动加剧并不会吸引更多的机构投资者;(2)机构投资者持股比例提高会增加当期股票收益,机构投资者持股比例的净增加会显著提高下期股票收益率;(3)机构投资者持股比例较高的资产组合当期夏普比率较高,但机构投资者持股比例较高的资产组合下期夏普比率较低。     

股利政策稳定性对股票长期收益影响的实证研究

本文以1997—2007年中国A股市场上分红次数多于5次的股票为样本,以分红波动分组,采用日历时间回归方法研究了股利政策稳定性对股票长期收益的影响。为了更好地比较股利政策的影响,修正了Fama-French三因子模型。通过实证研究发现:分红股票相对于不分红股票存在超额收益,高股利股票较低股利股票有较高的超额收益。据此提出如下建议:监管机构应出台更为有效的政策来引导和管理上市公司进行股利分配,使股利支付趋于稳定,从而引导投资者理性投资。     

控制权收益作为国有控股公司高管激励的影响因素研究

本文将控制权收益分解为隐性收益和显性收益。结果表明，显性收益占控制权收益的9％左右，隐性收益仍是我国上市公司高管的首要激励因素。研究还显示，隐性收益和控制权收益与企业规模和经营绩效呈显著的负相关，与第一大股东控股比例呈显著的正相关。而显性收益与企业规模和经营绩效呈显著的正相关，与第一大股东控股比例呈显著的负相关；隐性收益还与公司资产负债率呈显著的负相关。最后，提出将自我隐形激励转变成市场显性激励的政策建议。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.