中国钢铁行业上市公司盈利能力影响因素分析

鉴于钢铁行业盈利能力的现状,以A股中2008-2010年钢铁行业上市公司的财务数据为样本,分别从资本结构、股权结构、公司规模和公司风险等四个方面选取了可能影响其盈利能力的指标进行实证分析。最后根据分析的结果提出改善钢铁行业上市公司盈利能力的相关建议。     

国有股减持 股权结构目标模式

理想的股权结构不仅要求公司股权具备足够的流通性,而且要求股权分布适度集中。对于国家不必继续控制的行业或企业所属的上市公司,国有投资主体应该一次性彻底退出,至少不再是第一大股东。从优化股权结构的角度出发,一个好的减持方案应该有助于塑造“积极的股东”。管理层熟悉公司经营管理活动、充分了解公司现实盈利水平以及未来发展潜力,让管理层成为大股东,不失为优化股权结构的一条途径。诸如认股权证、零息回购转债等期权类的减持方案也许有助于股权重新集中的过程。     

我国A股上市公司投资价值分析——以林业类上市公司为例

随着我国证券市场的不断发展,投资者面临的风险也越来越大,因而上市公司投资价值的高低成为投资者最关心的问题。构建了上市公司投资价值综合评价指标,选取盈利能力、成长能力、资产运营效率三大项指标作为上市公司投资价值的一级指标,进而又选取了10项二级评价指标,应用模糊综合评价法对A股林业上市公司进行投资价值分析。分析结果显示采用上述方法对上市公司进行分析基本上可以反映其投资价值,进而为投资者提供了一定的参考选择。     

上市公司过度投资影响因素及治理机制研究

投资作为财务决策的起点,影响着企业的经营风险、盈利水平以及资本市场对其经营业绩和发展前景的评价。而过度投资会导致大量的资金沉淀在生产能力过剩而盈利能力恶化的领域,资源和生产要素被浪费,从而降低企业价值,阻碍我国经济的发展。但目前学者们对中国上市公司过度投资行为的实证研究并不多见。文章基于国内外学者关于过度投资问题的文献研究,在此基础上探索上市公司对于过度投资有效控制的治理机制,从而提高上市公司投资效率,优化公司治理结构,提升企业价值。     

管理层激励、企业发展潜力与财务风险——基于A股上市公司的面板数据分析

以A股上市公司2005～2008年面板数据为研究样本,实证分析管理层激励、企业发展潜力以及财务风险三者之间的关系.研究发现:管理层激励和企业发展潜力正相关,说明高效的管理层激励体制有利于提升企业的发展潜力;在不同的规模下我国上市公司管理层激励体制对企业财务风险影响有所差别;企业发展潜力与企业财务风险负相关,说明发展潜力越好的企业控制风险的能力越强.     

国有上市公司财务管理目标的异化及其实现途径探析

在国有股"一股独大"的特殊股权结构下,政府会通过国有上市公司实现其社会职能,从而损害了其他股东的利益,产生了财务管理目标异化行为.据此,我们应该在考虑其他利益相关者利益的前提下,以股东价值最大化为国有上市公司的财务管理目标,并结合中国的实际情况,通过改变不合理的股权结构、改变政企关系和考核机制,从而实现国有上市公司股东价值最大化.     

公司治理对盈余管理程度的制约作用——以所有权性质为背景的经验分析

本文使用2003～2005年来自我国证券市场的数据,利用调整的截面Jones现金流模型计量操控性应计利润,以所有权性质为背景,分别民营和国有上市公司样本对公司治理结构与盈余管理程度之间的关系进行了实证检验和比较分析。我们发现,两类公司的治理结构对其盈余管理程度的制约机制存在重大差别。具体而言,民营上市公司董事会独立性和监事会勤勉性与其盈余管理程度存在正向线性关系,而股权集中度和制衡度与盈余管理程度则存在倒U形的非线性关系。与此不同的是,国有上市公司的董事会、监事会及股权结构对盈余管理程度的制约作用均不显著。而表征机构投资者的哑变量却与国有上市公司的盈余管理程度存在正向的线性关系。     

我国证券公司股权结构与公司绩效关系研究

通过对2003年~2005年我国证券公司的股权结构与公司绩效的实证分析可以发现:证券公司的第一大股东性质为国有法人控股的证券公司的绩效要优于第一大股东为国有控股的证券公司的绩效,第一大股东为民营性质的证券公司绩效又要优于前两种情况;证券公司股东中上市公司股东的持股比例对公司绩效有促进作用;证券公司第一大股东持股比例与公司绩效成弱倒U型关系,即证券公司高度集中的股权结构致使公司绩效普遍较差。最后,文章根据分析结果,结合我国国情,提出了一套完善我国证券公司股权结构和提高公司绩效的思路和政策建议。     

论上市公司股权结构与经营绩效的关系

本文以国有股比重、流通A股比重、第一大股东持股比重以及第一、第二大股东持股比重之比作为公司股权结构变量,以净资产收益率与市净率作为公司经营绩效变量,以中国信息技术行业的上市公司为样本,对其股权结构与经营绩效关系进行了实证研究.该研究结果表明,国有股比重与上市公司的经营绩效负相关,流通A股比重及大股东治理与上市公司的经营绩效均无显著相关性.本文的实证研究为中国上市公司实行国有股减持、股权结构多元化以及加强中小股东公司治理功能提供经验证据.     

浅析上市公司经理层股票期权激励制度

经理层股票期权激励制度作为一种旨在协调统一现代企业制度中所有者与经营者的利益目标、鼓励经营者关注公司长期发展的激励计划,已成为上市公司长期激励工具。我国经理层股票期权激励制度尚处于起步阶段,在制定激励方案和界定激励对象及确定行权价格等方面主要是借鉴了西方发达国家的经验和做法,相关会计处理的规定还不够明确,都有待进一步细化。客观上要求我们必须参照国际通行做法,探索适合我国国情的经理层股票期权激励制度及其会计规范,使有关股票期权的会计准则和应用指南更具指导性和可操作性,有效利用股权激励促进上市公司的规范运作与持续发展,鼓励经营者关注公司价值,规避其可能带来的负面影响。对于实行经理层股票期权激励制度存在的问题或不完善之处,应采取相应措施,在实践中不断改进或修正。     

How Does the Minimum Wage Affect Firm Investments in Fixed and Human Capital? Evidence from China

This paper empirically analyzes the impact of Chinese minimum wage regulations on the firm decision to invest in physical and human capital. We exploit the geographical and inter‐temporal variations of county‐level minimum wages in a panel data set of all state‐owned and all above‐scale non‐state‐owned Chinese firms covering the introduction of the new Chinese minimum wage regulations in 2004. In our basic regressions including all Chinese firms, we find significant negative effects of the minimum wage on human capital investment rates and no overall effects on fixed capital investment rates. When grouping firms by their ownership structure, we find that these results hold for most firms. Foreign‐owned firms are an exception to some extent, because the likelihood that they invest in human capital has not decreased in response to the policy.     

论行政机关国有资产管理

行政性国有资产在没有统一明确的监管机构和制度制约的情况下,管理混乱,漏洞很大,如账外资产大量存在、国有资产产权混乱、管理方式落后等。为此,制定国有资产管理原则是非常重要的,因为借助它我们才能为行政机关国有资产管理制定正确的目标。     

国企混改影响企业创新投资的机制:政府干预效应还是代理效应

探讨混合股权结构如何影响企业创新投资及其作用机制。研究发现：国有企业实施混合所有制改革,提高非国有股权比例对于企业创新投资具有促进作用。但是,不同混合所有权方式对国有企业创新投资水平的影响具有显著差异。其中,外资+国有以及外资+民营+国有的混合所有权结构对企业创新投资改善具有积极影响;而混合股权结构中只有民营股东时,非国有股权比例与企业创新投资水平不存在统计意义上的显著性。进一步研究发现,相对于政府干预效应,代理效应是国企混合所有制改革影响企业创新投资的主导机制,即经理人观对国企创新问题的解释力更强。     

Cooperation Between Co-operative Business Organization and Investor Owned Firm to Stimulate Economic Growth of a Country： A Cooperative Advantage Approach

This study elaborates that the economic growth of a country depending on not only the business performance of the investor owned firms （IOFs）, but also the business surplus of the cooperative organizations （Co-ops）. The policy maker should have the level of understanding and competence to blend five different factors related to organizational structure and business model of the Co-ops and the IOFs to the five similarities factors on the managerial approach of them into one marked. The study investigated five similarities factors and included into a conceptual structural model with its six measurement models, economic growth model, general national factor model, market and industry factors model, Co-ops/IOFs opportunities/threat model, Co-ops/IOFs strength /weakness model, and lastly the Co-ops/IOFs firm dynamic/active： sales, profit, and lost model. Reliability of the six similarities measurement models was tested by the Delphi technique with a sample of 33 respondents. The study found that, apart from the six measurement models, it also has two intervening factor variables that will reduce the power and magnitude of the economic growth which will come from mismanagement of policy maker： These factors are the different in intemational culture among countries, and the global warming and natural disaster from the excess consumption and excess production. These selfish, competition and economic greedy of people will lead to economic, social, and natural disaster problems. To reduce the socioeconomic disadvantages and global disaster, board＇s committee, and Co-ops manager as well as chief executive officer （CEO） of the IOFs must have a good understanding on these five similarities factors. Appropriate management of these five similarities factors will lead the firms to reach their high managerial efficiency, customer value, firm value, and finally economic growth.     

民营企业科技竞争力内涵及指标体系研究

民营企业科技竞争力是民营企业科技总量、经济实力及研发水平与潜力的综合体现,是其持续竞争优势的来源和保证,科技竞争力发展水平决定着中国民营企业参与国内与国际竞争的成败。要根据民营企业科技竞争力的内涵,确定其科技竞争力的构成要素和评价模式,并依据指标设计原则和特定生成过程设计民营企业科技竞争力的综合评价指标体系,包括4个一级指标、12个二级指标和32个三级指标。     

Growth of Investor Owned and Cooperative Firms in Greek Dairy Industry

This paper examines the factors that affect the annual growth of cooperatives and investor owned firms (IOF) in Greek diary industry over the period 1990–94. A comparison based on both cooperative principals and property rights theory is made between IOFs and cooperatives to study their characteristics. However an empirical work is required to explain differences, if any, in the growth of the two types of firms within the same market. The work examines the determinants of the annual growth and it tests whether significant differences between IOFs and cooperatives exist. Ordinary least squares results show that both diversification and advertising strategies are important determinants for IOF growth, while the cooperative growth depends on capital structure and intensity and these organizations do not effectively apply competitive strategies.     

State-owned enterprises going public The case of China

Public listing is a key reform measure for large state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) in China. We find evidence that public listing lowers state ownership significantly, lessens firms’ reliance on debt finance, and allows firms to increase capital expenditure, at least temporarily. We also find that ownership structure affects post‐listing performance. However, we find no statistical evidence of a positive effect of public listing on firms’ profitability. We suggest alternative interpretations of the last finding.     

Does Autonomy Matter in State Owned Enterprises? Evidence from Performance Contracts in India

Empirical evidence on the effect of managerial autonomy on the performance of state‐owned enterprises (SOE) is surprisingly scant despite autonomy being a preferred reform instrument over partial privatization in many countries. Using longitudinal data on performance contracts of state‐owned enterprises in India, this paper finds that managerial autonomy is associated with significant increases in enterprise profitability and efficiency. Further, using India's unique reform experience where both managerial autonomy and partial privatization were pursued side by side, the paper finds that while the positive effects of autonomy continue post‐partial privatization, the effects of partial privatization on performance are ambiguous. Specifically, once autonomy is controlled for, partial privatization has a positive effect on SOE profitability only after it crosses a critical level of government disinvestment. The findings suggest that organizational reforms such as granting managerial autonomy can be an important policy instrument in improving SOE performance particularly in cases where governments are unable to make substantial disinvestments.     

非国有企业投资行为研究

该文考察了处于转型和市场不完善情况下,以非国有企业为主体的大型乡镇企业的投资行为.研究表明,企业的财务结构、市场地位和所有权状况直接影响其投资决策.这些企业的投资对流动性状况和内部融资的可获得性都十分敏感,但并不受外部资金的获得情况的影响.企业投资行为与人格化的银企关系并不相关,但却与企业的市场潜力、产品出口及研发支出密切相关.模糊的集体产权对投资的影响是负效应的,而界定清晰的个人产权对投资产生正的效应.     

非国有企业投资行为研究

本文考察了处于转型和市场不完善情况下,以非国有企业为主体的大型乡镇企业的投资行为。研究表明,企业的财务结构、市场地位和所有权状况直接影响其投资决策。这些企业的投资对流动性状况和内部融资的可获得性都十分敏感,但并不受外部资金的获得情况的影响。企业投资行为与人格化的银企关系并不相关,但却与企业的市场潜力、产品出口及研发支出密切相关。模糊的集体产权对投资的影响是负效应的,而界定清晰的个人产权对投资产生正的效应。