基于情感因素的大学英语教学师生互动关系的构建

情感因素是影响大学英语课堂教学中师生互动的重要因素.课堂教学中的师生是否互动、互动的效果如何,会直接影响课堂教学的质量.教师的仪容仪表、角色定位和师生关系、课堂气氛、学生的学习态度是影响响课堂教学师生互动的主要因素,而要增强师生互动则要求教师提高情感的认知、表达和控制能力.可以从激发学生学习兴趣、加强跨文化交际能力培养、充分了解学生和转变教师角色等方面促进情感交流,增强师生互动.     

课堂互动教学在大学英语教学中的创新应用策略

日益走向全球化的社会,对学生的英语水平提出了更高的要求.课堂教学是大学英语教学过程中最重要的环节,师生互动在课堂上必不可少,英语课堂教学的成功与否在很大程度上取决于师生互动情况.成功的课堂互动是培养与提高大学生英语运用能力的有效途径,这也是我们一线教师的共识.本文提出了旨在开展有效的英语课堂互动教学的创新应用策略,以期对教学改革及提高大学英语教学质量有所裨益.     

非智力因素在高职英语课堂教学中的应用

课堂教学过程是一种师生情感交流、互动的教学过程。在高职英语课堂教学中,教师和学生的非智力因素在英语课堂教学中都起到了非常重要的作用。本文论述了非智力因素对高职英语教学的影响以及在课堂教学中的具体应用。     

民办院校英语课堂互动初探

课堂互动英语教学指的是在课堂教学中充分发挥师生双方的主观能动性，形成师生之间相互问话，相互讨论，相互交流和相互促进的一种课堂环境。良好的课堂互动成就高效课堂。在民办高校的英语课程中，课堂互动显得尤为重要。本文将结合民办院校学生的特点，切合自己亲身授课经验，浅析大学英语教师如何能更好地实施互动教学法，从而取得良好的教学效果。     

浅谈大学英语课堂中提问的作用与技巧

问题是思维的向导,课堂提问是一种教学方法,也是一门艺术,而英语教学中的课堂提问是英语交际活动的催化剂.大学英语课堂中适时进行富于艺术性的提问,不仅有助于促进师生教学的互动,而且对于培养学生的学习兴趣,提高英语课堂教学效果和促进学生思维能力的发展起着极大的作用.本文结合笔者的教学实际,简述了在大学英语课堂教学中如何充分发挥提问的作用,运用提问的技巧,来提高学生的语言能力和知识水平.     

体育课堂中的师生心理互动

课堂教学是师生交流、共同发展的互动过程,以往的课堂教学比较强调教师的教,忽视学生的学,学生大多处于消极、被动的地位,忽视了课堂教学中师生间的互动.而现代教育强调以学生为主体,以教师为主导,充分发挥教和学两个方面的积极性.因此,教师就需要在体育教学中加强师生间的心理互动.     

浅谈互动式教学模式在大学英语中的应用

传统的英语教学模式以教师为中心,学生被动的学习英语,学不致用,不能在实际交流中使用英语,改革已迫在眉睫.而互动式英语教学模式以学生为导向,充分发挥每个学生的主观能动性,实现师生互动、生生互动,将学生培养成为掌握英语交际技能的实用人才.     

大学英语分级教学的理论与实践探讨

大学英语教学改革备受社会关注,改革传统的大学英语课堂教学模式、实施大学英语分级教学,已是高校大学英语教师关注的热点之一。文章从如下几个方面对大学英语分级教学展开了讨论:大学英语分级教学的内涵和依据、大学英语分级教学的意义、大学英语分级教学模式的设计与管理,以及大学英语分级教学应注意的问题。     

大学英语自主学习状况的调查与分析

为了全面了解大学生英语自主学习中存在的问题,设计了专门的问卷,通过网络平台对大学生进行了调查。在全面了解了大学的英语学习的目的和兴趣、自主学习的方式、课内外英语学习状况以及对英语学习的自我评价等信息之后,从提升教师教学质量、培养学生英语学习兴趣、加强师生情感交流、合理布置课外作业和提高英语应用能力等方面提出改进大学英语教学建议。     

网络环境下大学生自主学习英语的研究

随着高校人数的不断扩招，大学英语课堂呈现出鲜明的时代特点。首先教学班级的人数多，少则五十多人，多则上百人。大学英语一周的课时一般为4节，根据大学英语教学大纲要求，英语课的内容包括阅读、词汇、听力、写作和翻译；要想在有限的课堂时间内完成大纲的要求，并让每个学生很有兴趣地学习英语、掌握教学内容必然是一件非常困难的事情。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.