控股股东股权质押会增加企业权益资本成本吗——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

本文以2003—2014年A股上市公司为研究样本,探讨了控股股东股权质押与权益资本成本之间的关系。本文研究发现,相较于不存在控股股东股权质押的上市公司,存在控股股东股权质押的上市公司的权益资本成本更高。进一步分析,本文发现股权质押引起的掏空行为发挥着中介作用,还发现控股股东股权质押与权益资本成本之间的正相关关系在股价崩盘风险较高、上证A股指数较低、熊市年度组、信息质量较低组更加明显,这表明控股股东股权质押与上市公司权益资本成本之间的正相关关系是由控股股东股权质押引起的掏空行为和控制权转移风险引起的。最后,本文发现有效的公司治理能够缓解控股股东股权质押与权益资本成本之间的正相关关系。本文的研究有助于进一步认识和了解控股股东股权质押可能产生的经济后果。     

信号发送、投资者识别与私募股权资本市场

基于金融市场上广泛存在的信息不对称,本文构造了信号发送和投资者识别能力的市场反应函数模型。分析发现,私募股权资本市场能够通过降低信息不对称程度,达到减少新项目潜在租金的消散、降低创业企业家的创业风险以及投资者能从与创业企业家的合作中分享租金的目的。本文的研究表明,私募股权资本市场是金融市场的重要组成部分,是经济发展的重要推动力。     

Risk Appetite,Home Bias and the Unstable Demand for Emerging Market Assets

Home bias arises when the actual portfolio of an investor consists of a smaller proportion of foreign assets than that predicted by standard portfolio theory for the observed set of risks and returns on available assets. The existence and persistence of home bias undermines the theoretical case for the efficiency of international capital markets. In this paper we use data on UK pension fund portfolios to measure home bias, and find that this is doubly acute in the case of emerging market equity—a bias against overseas assets as a whole being further magnified by a bias against emerging markets within the foreign equity class as a whole. Moreover, contrary to the conventional assumption that risk aversion is both relatively low and stable over time (canonised in neoclassical theory by the derivation of constant relative risk aversion from the utility function itself) our finding that home bias fluctuates over time suggests that risk aversion is in fact time‐variant and path‐dependent. We sketch an alternative Keynesian approach in conclusion.     

跨境上市与证券市场流动性之争研究述评

跨境上市以及跨市场证券交易的迅猛发展,对全球证券市场产生了较大的影响。本文对跨境上市对市场流动性影响的国内外研究进行了综述。综合国外研究发现,企业跨境上市对企业母国证券市场的流动性冲击主要有正向效应、负向效应和双赢局面三种可能,具体取决于该国市场的实际情况。影响流动性冲击方向的主要因素包括:母国市场散户投资者数量,市场透明度和市场间信息关联度,时区差异、佣金费率和母国市场发展程度,政府资金管制以及市场间证券报酬率的相关性五个方面。国内针对跨境上市的相关研究也在不断开展,但是针对跨境上市对我国证券市场可能造成的冲击和影响的研究还比较匮乏,有待加强。     

Increase in home bias in the Eurozone debt crisis: The role of domestic shocks

One of the most striking consequences of the recent episode of sovereign debt market stress in the Eurozone has been the increase in the share of public debt held by the domestic sector in fragile economies. However, the causes and potential consequences of this increase were only given scarce attention in the literature on the Euro area sovereign debt crisis. In order to fill this gap, we first determine the shocks that impact the variation in the share of sovereign debt held at home in an SVAR model on a sample of Eurozone countries between 2002 and 2014, distinguishing between external and domestic shocks. Thanks to several alternative tests, we show that home bias in sovereign debt responds positively to country-specific fundamentals and expectation shocks but we find no evidence that the increase in home bias is destabilizing per se in the short-run. Second, a stylized theoretical model backed by the empirical results predicts that the consequences for sovereign debt crisis depend on the relative impact of domestic initial destabilizing shocks and increased home bias. The analysis suggests that an increase in home bias in times of sovereign debt stress, despite reflecting deteriorating fiscal conditions, may make default less likely.     

股权结构对买卖价差的影响研究

本文从市场微观结构层面研究了买卖价差和股权结构之间的关系,引入股权激励和B、H股因素,选取2006年至2010年上证180指数成分股作为研究标的。研究表明,公司内部人和机构投资者持股增加了买卖价差,并且机构投资者的影响更大,股权转让会导致买卖价差上升。股权激励在长期中能够降低买卖价差,但是在牛市行情中作用不明显。发行B、H股产生的市场分割和信息非对称会提高A股的买卖价差。     

The effects of portfolio size on international equity home bias puzzle

This paper investigates a new explanation for the international equity home bias puzzle based on an endogenous asymmetric information model. Using a cross-sectional mutual fund data set, it is found that the degrees of home bias across fund managers are negatively correlated to the asset sizes under their management. This result is consistent with the theoretical prediction in the endogenous asymmetric information model—the portfolio managers with the larger assets tend to acquire more information regarding foreign equity and, hence, hold more foreign equity holdings.     

Return predictability in emerging equity market sectors

This article investigates the predictive power of technical trading rules in the emerging equity market sector portfolios and finds that trading strategies based on technical indicators significantly outperform the buy-and-hold benchmark. Combination of data snooping bias, data measurement errors in the form of non-synchronicity bias and fluctuations in currency exchange rates is unable to explain the observed outperformance. The introduction of transaction costs tempers the results but technical analysis still possesses significant predictive power for a number of sectors. The performance of technical analysis in the emerging equity market sectors does not conform to historical trends observed in the developed equity markets as well as in the emerging equity markets when broadly diversified portfolios are considered, where predictive power of technical trading rules has been shown to decline over time.     

大小非解禁的市场反应

本文利用事件研究方法,研究截止2010年3月31日解禁的大小非样本对二级市场股票价格的影响。结果表明,大小非解禁对市场产生了显著负面影响。在此基础上,对大小非样本进行了分类研究,发现大小非解禁后真正对二级市场产生的实质性冲击主要集中在高估值、非控股股东和自由减持三类样本,而在解禁前中低估值、控股股东和大宗交易减持三类大小非样本对二级市场存在一定的心理冲击,但幅度有限,且在解禁后市场对解禁前的心理冲击有一定的矫正。另外,值得注意的是,高估值和非控股股东两类大小非样本在解禁前存在明显人为拉高股价的操纵迹象。     

股权结构、产权性质与债券融资成本*——基于中国上市公司的实证研究

本文基于最近十年503家上市公司发行的984只债券数据，实证检验了股权结构、产权性质对债券融资成本的影响。研究表明：股权集中度与债券融资成本正相关，制衡度与债券融资成本负相关。进一步检验发现，股权结构对债券融资成本的影响在民营企业中比在国有企业中更显著，产权性质发挥了调节作用。本文一定程度上丰富了公司债券定价理论，为发行人降低债券融资成本、投资人评估债券投资风险提供了有益启示，并为监管部门完善债券市场监管政策提供了经验证据。       

Home bias in multimarket Cournot games

We explore the role of trade costs for the home bias in trade. In a series of Cournot duopoly experiments with a home and an export market, we compare output choices when firms face different levels of trade costs. We find that there is two-way trade in identical products and that firms hold the majority market share in their home market. The resulting home bias turns out to be, however, stronger than that predicted by theory, and it even occurs without trade costs. Tacit collusion contributes to the home bias observed in our experiment but does not offer a full explanation for the phenomenon.     

我国公司红利政策与股市波动

本文从实证的角度分析了中国上市公司的年度红利公告对股价及交易量的影响。我们发现 ,不论是首次分红还是一般的年度分红 ,现金股利所引起的股价异常收益显著小于股票股利和混合股利 (即现金和红股 )。此外 ,现金股利作为首次分红支付方式不受市场欢迎 ,其异常收益显著为负值。为了保证实证结果的纯净性 ,本文还进行了干扰排斥性检验 ,排除了除息除权日的溢出效应、大宗交易所引起的股价偏差及红利公告期间风险要素增加的影响。此研究回答了我国证券市场建立以来公司红利政策与市场价格及交易额的相关关系问题。     

A Time-Varying Risk Analysis of Equity and Real Estate Markets in the US and Japan

The paper offers some new evidence which suggests that Japanese equity and real estate markets might not necessarily behave in a parallel manner to US capital markets. These results are obtained from an examination of the nature of expected and unexpected movements in the returns of Japanese assets and US assets using a present-value model which allows for a time-varying expected discount rate in conjunction with a VAR process. Based on data from 1972–92, it is found that one distinctive difference is that changes in the future expected return for Japanese real estate and stocks are less persistent over time than their US counterparts. It is also found that the impact of Japanese markets on the US market was relatively small. On the other hand, there is some evidence that the US equity market had some significant impact on the Japanese equity market. Returns on Japanese stocks also exhibit a weaker mean reversion process relative to returns on US stocks and US real estate.     

股权并购与目标企业创新产出关系研究——以科技类上市企业为例

将股权并购分为股权转让和增资扩股两种形式，据此分析股权并购对目标企业创新活动的融资作用。基于我国中小板与创业板科技类上市企业并购数据，以专利申请数作为创新产出的代理变量，实证发现增资扩股形式的股权并购能够通过现金转移为目标企业创新活动提供融资渠道从而提高其创新产出。在内生性问题检验中，通过采用倾向性评分匹配技术验证了该结果的稳健性。     

Equity home bias,incomplete financial markets,and nominal rigidities

Abstract This paper analyzes optimal portfolio decisions in a monetary open‐economy framework. It is found that market completeness and the specific form of nominal rigidities, namely, nominal price vs. nominal wage rigidities, matter for justifying the observed structure of equity holdings. When markets are complete, sticky prices generate a negative correlation between the non‐diversifiable labour income and the profit of domestic firms with respect to the productivity shocks, which explains why households invest little abroad. In contrast, when markets are incomplete, rigidities in goods prices result in a counterfactual ‘super home bias’, because domestic equities provide a good hedge against not only the labour income risk but also the relative price risk. Wage rigidities, however, have the opposite effect. Therefore, nominal rigidities in both goods prices and wage rates are needed to address the empirical composition of gross equity positions under incomplete markets.     

Some evidence in the trading and pricing of equity LEAPS

This paper documents some evidence in the trading and pricing of equity Long-term Equity AnticiPation Securities (LEAPS). The main findings on trading are that LEAPS open interest, trading volume, and put/call ratio are seasonal on a yearly basis possibly due to the impact of the “melding” process that is unique to equity LEAPS. This paper also finds that the Black–Scholes Option Pricing Model, in general, overprices or underprices out-of-the-money (OTM) or in-the-money (ITM) equity LEAPS calls, respectively, and the model tends to overprice when the options are very deep in-the-money (VDITM). Furthermore, the evidence indicates that the deviations of the Black–Scholes prices from the observed option market prices are more pronounced in equity LEAPS than in standard options, suggesting that the Black–Scholes Option Pricing Model is less well suited to the pricing of equity LEAPS than to the pricing of standard options.     

International Reserves and the Composition of Foreign Equity Investment

This paper studies the effect of central banks' international reserve hoardings on the composition of foreign equity investment. Specifically, it examines whether reserves affect the share of foreign portfolio equity investment (PEI) in total foreign equity investment, which includes both PEI and foreign direct investment (FDI). Foreign investors' decisions regarding the location and the type of equity capital investment might be influenced by a country's level of international reserves. In a simple theoretical model, it is shown that higher reserves, thanks to their ability to lower exchange rate risk, reduce the risk premium of PEI. Hence, higher reserves are expected to increase the inflow of PEI relative to FDI. This hypothesis is tested for a sample of 76 developing countries during the period 1980–2010 using different estimation methods, model specifications and data samples. The results suggest that higher levels of reserves are associated with a larger share of PEI relative to FDI. This result points to a collateral benefit of reserves that has been neglected so far. Reserves may contribute to develop domestic financial markets and facilitate domestic firms' access to foreign portfolio equity financing. In addition, this paper finds a strong negative effect of the global financial crisis beginning in 2008 on the share of PEI, which confirms the hypothesis that PEI is more crisis‐dependent than FDI.     

Residential Mobility, Housing Equity and the Labour Market

UK commentators have noted that the UK housing market may hinder labour market flexibility. The present paper uses UK household longitudinal data (BHPS) for the early 1990s, and estimates single and competing risk discrete time duration models of residence duration to investigate the impact of negative housing equity on residential moves. Strong evidence for an adverse impact on mobility is found, along with results to suggest that the home-owners do not move in response to changing labour market conditions. Negative equity in the early 1990s therefore exacerbated housing market related rigidities in the job matching process     

Payout and asymmetric information

This article investigates the effects of payout policy on the level of asymmetric information in the market for common equity shares. The results suggest that higher dividend levels are associated with lower price impact, both as a percentage of economic value and as a percentage of the spread. And greater share repurchase ratios are associated with lower price impacts as a percentage of the spread. Overall, the results suggest that managers may have more than the choice of market settings as a means to improve the quality of the market for their stock and the efficiency of price.     

创新驱动抑或低成本战略——基于融资结构与行业集中度视角的实证检验

融资结构与行业集中度是企业选择创新驱动亦或低成本战略的重要条件。本文以2009-2019年创业板上市公司为研究对象,实证检验融资结构与行业集中度对企业选择上述两种竞争战略的影响。研究表明:(1)负债率越高的企业越偏好低成本战略,而负债率越低的企业越偏好创新驱动战略;(2)相比高集中度行业,在低集中度行业中,负债率高的企业更偏好低成本战略,也更排斥创新驱动战略。本文在此基础上,提出大力发展股权融资以及优化行业竞争环境,以提升企业创新驱动力的政策建议。