浅谈城市滨水区景观设计

城市滨水区作为城市中人类活动与自然过程共同作用最为强烈的地带之一,其规划涉及多学科、多方面的问题,而且城市滨水区是城市开发中的重要资源,在提高城市环境质量、丰富城市景观、促进城市社会经济发展等方面具有极为重要的价值.近年来,城市滨水区的独特地位正受到人们的普遍重视,各地掀起了滨水区开发运动,但项目由于建设周期短和缺乏合理有效的规划指导,出现了一系列问题.为此,针对性地提出我国城市滨水区景观设计的一些原则和方法.     

城市滨水区复合开发模式研究

针对城市滨水区的发展及其面临问题，分析国内外关于城市滨水区开发模式。在此基础上，提出了将滨水城市空间结构调整与城市滨水区开发相结合的复合开发模式，并阐述了复合开发模式的主要内容。     

宝鸡城市滨水区旅游感知及优化研究

城市滨水区是城市旅游的重要地带,滨水区旅游感知效果决定该区域旅游满意度。宝鸡城市滨水区应当高度重视当地文化的体现,通过文化墙、雕塑、小品等形式蒋诸如渭河文化、西府文化等元素浓缩体现在滨水区的景观中,从而提升滨水景区文化含量。     

城市滨水区开发功能与规划设计研究

本文首先对城市滨水区开发功能进行分析研究,滨水地区的开发是城市功能的调整,城市建设的需求,是为了满足对高质量生活追求.滨水区的功能不是单一的,它们都是多种功能的综合体,承担着城市的重要职能.其次对滨水区规划设计,应充分考虑功能定位、游憩空间、景观空间、生态可持续、多样的可达性等因素.     

城市滨水地区开发建设经济可行性分析 ——以杨浦滨江地区开发建设为例

杨浦南段滨江地区作为黄浦江杨浦段的城市滨水区,随着城市转型、产能升级,目前正在进入大规模的建设期.本文结合杨浦滨江地区开发情况,通过对滨水地区建设经济效益分析思考,提出一些融资的策略,给城市滨水区开发建设提供一些借鉴意义.     

城市滨水区整体景观空间整合的方法研究

积极的滨水区整体景观空间特色的维护与发扬是保持城市文化特色,提升城市滨水区品质的手段.城市滨水区整体景观空间微观整合的方法就是留出空间、组织空间、创造空间的过程.对城市滨水区整体景观空间整合的方法进行了研究.     

城市滨水区开发功能与规划设计研究

本文首先对城市滨水区开发功能进行分析研究,滨水地区的开发是城市功能的调整,城市建设的需求,是为了满足对高质量生活追求。滨水区的功能不是单一的,它们都是多种功能的综合体,承担着城市的重要职能。其次对滨水区规划设计,应充分考虑功能定位、游憩空间、案观空间、生态可持续、多样的可达性等因素。     

水转化机制与生态经济耦合运行探究———以滨水历史文化名城为例

历史文化名城的滨水区建设成为近年来全球水资源开发重点项目。城市资源的稀缺性和相应的名城效应使相关部门对其进行反复建设和优化,人们对城市滨水区的保护性建设和资源可持续利用也日益被关注。名城的水资源开发为顺应旅游产业化发展的趋势,务必探究水资源转化的过程。回顾和分析国内外转化机制研究、水资源开发研究和水资源转化机制研究,还有一些理论问题和实践问题有待我们解决。本研究旨在通过“三维空间模型”假说、“三层面关系模型”假说、“普遍性与特殊性”原理和“循环运行”原理构建“水资源转化机制模型”,解决现有水资源开发规划中量能不均衡问题;结合生态经济运行规律和水资源转化机制作用原理,从发展链的点段式管理角度、线型管理角度和环型管理角度构建“水资源转化机制及生态经济耦合运行模型”,进而创新资源开发规划理论和生态经济理论。     

对上海黄浦江两岸滨水区开发的思考

城市滨水区是指城市中陆域与水域相连的一定区域的总称。近年来，滨水区开发成为国内城市规划和开发的热点。英国、美国、日本等发达国家，早在1970年代就已经开始滨水区开发的探索，并且取得了一定的经验。水滨凭借其优越的地理位置，曾一度成为城市生活的中心地段。城市的经济重心一工业、交通业和仓储业为求得最佳的经济效益，大量占据水滨空间。     

大连市星海湾地区城市开发规划与实践

本文通过对作者全程参与的大连星海湾地区开发建设历程的回顾,对城市滨水区建设、山海城市特色创造、控制性详细规划、城市的动态发展等,谈了作者的心得和体会.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

Types of technology

Technology is a concept rife with confusion. Here, I argue that technologies can be distinguished as a combination of type of producer and an idealized artefact life history. Using this definition, a number of technologies are identified. The first technology historically, in the Protostomes, was the production of individual or family dwellings. Next came objects such as spider webs for trapping prey. Stigmergy followed, with the social insects, as a collective endeavour to construct a mega-structure using simple rules of accretion. Some birds and primates began to make tools, or simple technological objects whose function is closely related to their form. Humans are distinguished by their ability to make machines. Traditional technology took place once people voluntarily organised into groups with specialised knowledge to produce more complex objects and structures. Monumental objects like ceremonial pyramids came with the command economies of the early agrarian societies, which also resulted in a new category of artefact, the network. Finally, with modern civilizations came ad hoc accretion, or population-level adding-on, to make truly complex technological systems. Developing a theoretical framework within which artefacts, production processes and ways of interacting with them are identified should help the study of technology to become more scientific.