“文化生产力”初探——文化生产力研究之一

本文初步探讨了文化生产力概念的内涵,认为“文化生产力”是当代社会以社会化生产和市场经济为依托、以现代科学技术为手段、以文化产业的兴起为标志和典型形态,生产满足人们精神需求的文化产品的水平和力量。     

论精神文明建设对生产力发展的促进作用

一、促进生产力发展是社会主义精神文明建设的本质要求和重要目标 人类社会发展的历史就是社会生产力不断发展的历史。在这一历史进程中,物质文明和精神文明相互作用,共同促进了生产力发展,推动了社会的进步。在社会主义社会中,物质文明和精神文明建设作为不可分割的有机整体,共同体现社会主义的本质特征,统一于建设有中国特色社会主义的总体目标。 首先,解放和发展生产力是精神文明建设的本质要求。 精神文明是社会生产力不断发展基础上的一种社会进步,它反映了人们道德境界的升华和文化层次的提高,同时,也意味着人们认识和改造自然和社会能力的增强,精神文明具有生动而深刻的实践性和时代性特征。当今,我国正处在社会主义初级阶段,“社会主义的根本任务是发展生产力”。因此,它理所当然要体现社会主义的本质特征,要把解放和发展生产力这一社会主义的根本任务作为社会主义精神文明建设的重要目标。     

文化生产力对经济增长的推动作用

现阶段,文化、经济、政治三者具有相辅相成的重要关系。文化作为非物质生产力,对社会、经济的高速发展做出了无法替代的贡献。文化生产力的高低直接影响着人们素质涵养的高低,是决定物质生产水平与经济增长效率的关键因素。同时,文化作为现代经发展的重要生产力,也是协调社会效益与经济效益的重要工具,对我国社会主义现代化建设有着举足轻重的作用,能够在最大程度上推动我国经济、政治、文化和谐发展。     

论先进生产力的价值意蕴

“三个代表”重要思想中的“先进生产力”理论既是客观的科学真理 ,又具有深刻的价值意蕴 ,主要表现为 :第一 ,“先进生产力”具有强烈的主体性和属人性 ;第二 ,“先进生产力”是满足广大人民群众日益增长的物质、文化生活需要的物质条件 ;第三 ,“先进生产力”是不断提高人民群众自身素质 ,促进并实现人的全面发展的现实手段 ;第四 ,“先进生产力”是推动我国社会主义社会不断发展的根本动力。     

市场化改革进程中文化生产力的发展——文化生产力问题研究之二

文化是生产力、是竞争力 ,文化在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用越来越突出。加快文化生产力的发展 ,事关立国之本、治国之道、兴国之路。强力推动文化生产力的快速发展是加快我国市场化改革进程的内在要求。充分发挥市场在文化经济运行和资源配置中的基础性作用 ,推进体制创新 ,繁荣文化事业 ,发展文化产业 ,使文化作为一种生产要素进入经济领域 ,为加快经济发展提供不竭的源动力。     

论音乐对生产力的促进作用

人类社会的发展产生了音乐,反过来音乐又极大地促进了生产力的发展,音乐在人们的生产生活中具有强大的动力性。本文从音乐源于劳动这一观点出发,探讨音乐在促进社会生产力发展中具有的精神生产力方面的作用,指出了音乐与社会生产力的辨证关系。     

文化经济：一种新的生产力

随着中国工业化和城市化的不断推进，我国的主要矛盾已经变成人们对精神层面需求的增长超过了其生产的正常速度，于是对文化的发展提出新的要求。发展文化经济，对于创新文化发展观念，推动文化强国促进经济社会又好又快发展，有重大的现实意义和长远的战略意义。     

论管理的生产力属性

现代社会管理在社会生产劳动中充分体现出生产力属性。现代管理与科学技术相互渗透、相互促进,共同构成生产力要素,井决定生产力发展水平。管理是社会生产力可持续发展的重要保障。随着经济全球化和社会信息步伐加快,我国应更加重视管理在生产劳动中的地位和作用。     

绿色生产力发展过程中的人力资源支持

绿色生产力是经济学界人士针对“资源短缺”“环境污染”“生态破坏”等威胁人类生存和发展的严峻现实问题做出的反映 ,是以“无污染、无公害、无损于子孙后代”等克服生产过程中的负效益为生产目标的、促进人类与自然界和谐发展的一种“高境界”的生产状态和“人性化”的社会效益相统一的“社会合力”。与“系统生产力”、“市场生产力”相比 ,绿色生产力的发展是集经济、生态、社会、人性四大利益为一体的、全方位的“社会合力” ,它触及社会的经济、政治、文化各个方面 ,是以人的主体性张扬为结果的。本文从绿色生产力的本质特征出发 ,分析了人力资源对绿色生产力发展的重要支持作用。     

发展先进生产力推进社会变革的启示

党的十一届三中全会以来,我国社会发生了巨大变化。考察、分析在社会所发生的巨大变化,发现:我国先进生产力是推动社会变革的最根本动力。先进生产力的推动作用贯穿于整个社会变革的全过程。它不仅为社会变革明确了方向,同时为社会变革提供了大量的现实条件。先进生产力的发展推动了我国社会经济、政治、文化文明的进程,促进了社会的进步和人的全面发展。     

A Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen productivity indicator: its relation to the Hicks-Moorsteen productivity index and the Luenberger productivity indicator

Summary. Introducing a new difference-based Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen productivity indicator, this contribution establishes theoretically its relations with some existing ratio- and difference-based productivity indexes and indicators. The first main result is an approximation proposition stating that the logarithm of the Hicks-Moorsteen productivity index is about equal to the Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen productivity indicator. Secondly, we also establish the specific conditions under which the Luenberger-Hicks-Moorsteen indicator equals the recently introduced Luenberger indicator and compare these to the conditions governing the relations between ratio-based Hicks-Moorsteen and Malmquist indices.Received: 2 May 2002, Revised: 19 May 2003, JEL Classification Numbers: C43, D21, D24.We are grateful for the most constructive remarks of a referee. Obviously, the authors remain solely responsible for any residual shortcomings. Correspondence to: W. Briec     

Misallocation and productivity

A large portion of differences in output per capita across countries is explained by differences in total factor productivity (TFP). In this article, we summarize a recent literature — and the articles in this special issue on misallocation and productivity — that focus on the reallocation of factors across heterogeneous production units as an important source of measured TFP differences across countries.     

Exact relations between Luenberger productivity indicators and Malmquist productivity indexes

In this note we derive an exact relation between Luenberger productivity indicators and Malmquist productivity indexes. The authors are grateful for referee comments which substantially improved the paper.     

Road to productivity: Effects of roads on total factor productivity in Indian manufacturing

A denser road network lowers transport costs and stimulates manufacturing total factor productivity (TFP). The placement of roads, however, is likely to be non-random. For identification, we exploit cross-state variation in the strength of centre-state partisan alignment that asymmetrically affects road building in aligned states. Using panel data on manufacturing establishments in India from 1998 to 2012, we find that, a 1% increase in road density raises value-added TFP by about 0.25%, on average. A closer examination reveals that the effect varies by plant characteristics and road type. Younger establishments are more likely to gain from a denser road network with highways playing a prominent role. The results are robust to imperfections in the instrument and to other sensitivity checks.     

Total factor productivity change of MENA microfinance institutions: A Malmquist productivity index approach

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate productivity changes of 33 Middle East and North Africa microfinance institutions over the period of 2006–2011 by using the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) method and a balanced panel dataset of 198 observations. The empirical findings indicate that the microfinance industry has reported overall productivity regress in the study period even though all the MENA MFIs have positive TFP growth with the exception of the year 2010–2011. In addition, our study indicates that over the period the Malmquist productivity change experienced by the MENA microfinance industry as a whole has averaged 4.9% annually which was mainly attributed to technical efficiency change. The study reveals also that the industry as a whole has exhibited a decline in technological change (2.9% decrease over the period) and suggested that there has been a deterioration in the performance of the best practicing MFIs. By decomposing the Malmquist index, the result showed that during the study period the MENA MFIs have experienced mainly an increment of pure technical efficiency (improvement in management practices) rather than an improvement in optimum size. Overall, an essential strategic implication for the MENA microfinance industry is that they need to pursue a technological progress in order to meet the dual objectives of reaching many poor people and financial sustainability.     

Measuring total productivity change

This paper examines several ways of measuring the aggregate rate of technical change: with the aggregate production function; in a disaggregated framework of the multisector model; and with the net social production possibility frontier or the generalized factor price frontier. Conditions under which all three approaches are mutually compatible are determined.     

企业精神与企业生产力

在社会主义市场经济条件下，精神文明与物质文明必须一起抓，两手都要硬。企业精神是精神文明的重要组成部分，是企业文化的核心和灵魂，市场经济呼唤着企业精神。企业精神直接影响着企业生产力的发展。企业精神是凝聚职工的精神力量，强化了企业职工的主人翁地位，企业精神对实现企业目标具有导向作用，是规范职工行为的准则，并对健康舆论具有约束作用。培育社会主义企业精神，使企业焕发出青春活力，使企业精神成为企业经济上新台阶的支柱。     

Evaluating cost center productivity

The monthly and yearly productivity summaries were developed and applied to a computer spreadsheet to aid the nurse manager in better understanding and communicating budget issues for diverse ambulatory care departments. A computerized spreadsheet using a commercially available personal computer program, such as Lotus, Quattro Pro, or Excel, can be used to more quickly and accurately track and summarize monthly budget reports. The data can be entered into the spreadsheet either manually or imported by query from the financial mainframe system. Contact your agency's finance or information department for information on how to accomplish this. Periodically acuity and resources should be measured and compared with quality monitors to maintain standards. For the past 10 years, our facility has successfully used this tool to make more informed decisions by identifying trouble spots early, and taking corrective action to avoid crisis management.