中原城市群产业、人口与土地非农化时空耦合协调性研究

［目的］研判中原城市群城市化发展中产业非农化、人口与城市化土地非农化等多要素之间的耦合协调性与时空演变特征，为中原城市群健康发展提供参考和依据。［方法］文章利用耦合协调度模型、ArcGis空间分析，基于2006—2016年研究时段，评价中原城市群产业、人口与土地非农化的沟壑协调性。［结果］（1）从时序特征看，中原城市群人口、产业和土地非农化之间的耦合协调度呈总体下降、过程波动的变化趋势，其中2006年、2011年和2016年的耦合协调度分别为057、053和055，处于中度耦合协调阶段。（2）从空间特征看，中原城市群产业、人口与土地非农化的耦合协调性空间格局经历了由环形到“T”字型再逐渐形成“三点”式的分布特征，空间差异明显。［结论］中原城市群健康发展应强化城市协同发展，增强引领示范作用； 增强自主发展能力，缩小区域发展差距； 优化产业空间格局，推动城市全面发展是未来城市化协调发展的启示。     

土地利用效益与新型城镇化协调度分析与评价——基于长江中游地区的实证分析

[目的]通过构建土地利用效益与新型城镇化评价指标体系,评价长江中游地区土地利用效益与新型城镇化协调发展度。[方法]运用由全局主成分分析法、均方差权值法构成的综合确权法,基于耦合度、协调发展度模型探讨2006~2014年长江中游地区土地利用效益与新型城镇化的协调发展关系,并进行时空上的分析与评价,借助空间自相关模型探讨协调发展水平的空间集聚特征。[结果]长江中游地区土地利用效益与新型城镇化协调发展水平总体较高,协调发展类型由研究基期的低度协调型逐步优化为末期的中高度协调型。武汉都市圈为协调发展度高水平集聚区;协调发展度高值点主要集中在武汉与长沙,协调发展度低值点由基期的益阳、娄底等城市转变为末期的宜昌、咸宁、鹰潭等地。2006~2012年Moran's I值均为负,协调发展度集聚特征由相异属性集聚向随机状态转变,2014年Moran's I值正,协调发展度呈相似属性集聚状态。[结论]长江中游地区协调发展度空间集聚特征呈现由相异属性集聚向相似属性集聚状态转化,协调聚集区空间格局趋于稳定,发展态势良好。     

中长期结合的科技论文评价方法研究

[目的]通过构建土地利用效益与新型城镇化评价指标体系,评价长江中游地区土地利用效益与新型城镇化协调发展度.[方法]运用由全局主成分分析法、均方差权值法构成的综合确权法,基于耦合度、协调发展度模型探讨2006~2014年长江中游地区土地利用效益与新型城镇化的协调发展关系,并进行时空上的分析与评价,借助空间自相关模型探讨协调发展水平的空间集聚特征.[结果]长江中游地区土地利用效益与新型城镇化协调发展水平总体较高,协调发展类型由研究基期的低度协调型逐步优化为末期的中高度协调型.武汉都市圈为协调发展度高水平集聚区;协调发展度高值点主要集中在武汉与长沙,协调发展度低值点由基期的益阳、娄底等城市转变为末期的宜昌、咸宁、鹰潭等地.2006~2012年Moran′s I值均为负,协调发展度集聚特征由相异属性集聚向随机状态转变, 2014年Moran′s I值正,协调发展度呈相似属性集聚状态.[结论]长江中游地区协调发展度空间集聚特征呈现由相异属性集聚向相似属性集聚状态转化,协调聚集区空间格局趋于稳定,发展态势良好.     

长江经济带经济发展与水资源环境耦合协调性实证分析

为探究长江经济带经济发展与水资源环境协调发展状况,利用耦合协调度模型分析2004—2018年长江经济带耦合协调度变化情况并分析区域差异,利用灰色关联度进一步分析两者关联性。结果显示耦合协调度呈波动上升趋势,且下游大于中游大于上游;灰色关联分析结果显示,经济发展结构子系统对水资源环境系统影响最大,水资源环境抗逆指数子系统对经济发展系统关联最大。     

产业一体化与城市土地利用效率的时空耦合效应 ——以长江中游城市群为例

研究目的:揭示并分析产业一体化与城市土地利用效率间的耦合交互关系,从空间效应视角探寻两者协调发展路径。研究方法:SVR算法、耦合协调模型、空间相关分析。研究结果:(1)产业一体化与城市土地效率间存在彼此影响、相互约束的耦合协调关系;(2)2003—2015年间长江中游城市群各城市产业一体化与城市土地利用效率的耦合协调度呈现波动上升趋势,但局部差异显著;(3)产业一体化与城市土地利用效率耦合效应的空间正相关性和空间集聚性逐步显化,这种相关性主要表现为空间依赖性和空间异质性。研究结论:根据产业一体化与城市土地利用效率的时空耦合特征,制定差异化的产业发展策略和城市土地利用管控策略,推动产业与土地要素的高效融合。     

环鄱阳湖城市群人口城市化与土地城市化协调度评价

将环鄱阳湖城市群作为研究对象,着力于构建城市化协调评价指标体系,分析人口城市化与土地城市化时空特征,借助均方差权值法和协调度模型研判两者的协调发展水平及特征。研究发现:(1)环鄱阳湖城市群人口城市化与土地城市化水平均呈现递增的时序演变特征,土地城市化的演进速度更快;市域人口城市化差距逐渐扩大,离散程度逐渐缩小;土地城市化的空间分异和两极分化现象相当明显。(2)人口城市化与土地城市化水平的差距逐渐缩小,两者的耦合度呈现逐渐提高的趋势;协调发展水平呈现由低级向高级、由磨合阶段向协调阶段递进式时序演变的规律;空间格局上表现出市域协调发展等级极化现象明显和城市化发展类型以土地城市化滞后型为主的特征。(3)人口城市化与土地城市化之间,及两者与协调度之间,分别具有显著的正相关关系,人口城市化与协调度之间的联系更为密切。针对区域内各城市所处的城市化协调发展阶段和状态,因地制宜地制定城市发展战略十分必要。     

沿长江城市生态环境与经济协调发展研究

文章选取2007—2016年长江中下游沿江八市作为研究对象,运用熵值法确定权重,引入协调度和协调发展度模型,构建协调发展度评价指标体系并对其生态环境与经济协调的发展状况进行实证分析。研究结论:(1)长江中下游城市生态环境与经济质量大幅度提升,并且长江下游沿江城市的经济发展均优于中游城市,生态环境发展则相反;(2)长江中下游沿江城市的生态环境和经济协调发展在2012年之前基本处于失调状态,2012—2014年从低级向中级协调发展过渡,2014年之后长江下游城市处于良好、中级协调之间,长江中游城市均达到优质协调发展水平。     

城市群发展中的土地利用问题及对策

<正>城市群是城市化发展到一定阶段的必然产物,是城市发展成熟阶段的最高空间组织形式,对区域发展有重要的战略引领和支撑作用。中央高度重视城市群的发展。十九大报告提出,"以城市群为主体构建大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的城镇格局,加快农业转移人口市民化。"近年来中央先后出台了多项政策措施加以推进。截至2017年3月底,国务院共先后批复了6个国家级城市群,包括:长江中游城市群、哈长城市群、成渝城市群、     

长江中游城市群城镇化与人居环境耦合协调的时空特征研究

研究目的:揭示不同时间截面城镇化与人居环境的动态耦合协调关系,为提升长江中游城市群可持续发展能力提供政策依据。研究方法:熵值法、耦合协调度模型和核密度估计。研究结果:(1)2005—2017年,长江中游城市群城镇化和人居环境水平总体上呈稳步上升的态势,空间上以武汉、长沙和南昌为峰值区域的"多中心"分布特征为主,且地域差异逐渐缩小;(2)城镇化与人居环境的耦合协调度则呈持续上升的态势,并从濒临失调逐步跨入初级协调阶段,空间分布上形成以武汉、长沙、南昌和新余为峰值区域,以荆州、孝感、咸宁、吉安等地为低值区域的分布格局,但地区差距逐渐缩小,有向片状分布发展的趋势。研究结论:研究期内长江中游城市群城镇化与人居环境指数逐年提升,并且城市化与人居环境的协调度在地区之间的差异逐渐缩小,存在明显的协同发展特征。     

基于Super-SBM模型的长江经济带生态效率评价及提升对策

基于2007—2018年长江经济带11个省(市)面板数据,利用Super-SBM模型测算生态效率,并进一步通过分解ML指数和测度投入产出冗余率分析引起效率波动的因素。结果表明:长江经济带区域生态效率未达到有效水平,区域化差异显著,呈现下游大于中游大于上游的格局,且下游区域生态效率水平远高于中游和上游;浙江省、上海市生态效率达到DEA有效;资源冗余情况大体和生态效率呈负相关,环境污染是效率损失的首要原因,亟需通过优化产业结构、促进产业协调发展实现资源节约与环境保护;技术进步是区域全要素生产率的主要推动因素,技术效率仍需改善。基于动静结合的生态效率时空演化分析,提出提升长江经济带生态效率的对策建议。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

The Real of Community,the Desire for Development and the Performance of Egalitarianism in the Peruvian Andes: A Materialist–Utopian Account

The paper proposes a materialist–utopian perspective for explaining the persistence of community in the Andes by drawing upon Lacanian theory and the thought of the Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui. What characterizes the Andean comunidad are not notions of belonging and identity, but the existence of a fundamental antagonism (what I call the ‘Real of community’). The argument unfolds ethnographically. Usibamba, a peasant comunidad in the central Peruvian Andes, is known as a highly egalitarian and disciplined comunidad. However, a disjunction exists between deep‐seated aspirations of justice and egalitarianism and the particularistic interests of families and individuals. This disjunction manifests itself in a contradictory, schizophrenic regime of discipline and negotiation that produces ‘split subjects’. Desiring development and the staging of theatrical performances of egalitarianism enables Usibambinos to deal with this disjunction and to present an image of unity and determination. I conclude that the comunidad persists through ‘impossible political acts’ brought about by a residual but growing category of landless comuneros who constitute ‘the part of no part’, the uncounted or unnamed.     

边缘旅游地开发研究——以赤峰市为例

边缘旅游地正逐渐成为旅游发展研究的热点之一;在阐述边缘旅地形成机理的基础上,分析了赤峰市旅游业边缘化的原因及表现;对边缘旅游地赤峰市的旅游业开发进行可行性分析,提出摆脱旅游业边缘化的对策和措施,强调必须紧紧依托周边京津冀辽等核心旅游地,注重区域间的优势互补,借助周围核心旅游地的优势扩大赤峰市的旅游市场,在边缘地树立大旅游观念,同时依据赤峰市自身的资源优势不断开发特色旅游产品、打造品牌,积极培养优秀的旅游人才。