生态文明建设与资源环境承载力

生态文明是以人类社会与自然生态环境平等、共同、持续发展为宗旨的文明发展方式.生态文明建设应在以自然资源环境为对象创造和享受社会财富的同时,促进自然资源环境的循环、更新、稳定、持续发展,形成共生、包容、协调、统一的人地关系.生态文明建设必须兼顾资源环境保护和经济社会发展,统一认识、制定战略、总体谋划,统筹区域协调发展,建立健全生态文明建设的法制、体制、机制,补充完善生态文明建设相关政策,对资源环境承载力进行综合评价,将人类活动控制在资源环境承载力范围之内.     

森林生态旅游与生态文明的协调关系及其影响因素——以湖南省为例

揭示森林生态旅游与生态文明建设互动发展的一般演化规律有助于探索"经济-社会-环境"更加良性协调的发展方式。文章通过构建耦合协调度模型,分析湖南省2004~2014年期间的森林生态旅游与生态文明的耦合协调度及其影响因素。研究发现:10年来,湖南省森林生态旅游和生态文明的发展指数逐年增长,但是耦合度增幅不大,2008年以后基本稳定在0.5的水平上;湖南省生态文明和生态旅游耦合协调度存在"失调期""过渡期"和"协调发展期"3个演变过程,耦合协调度于2014年达到中度协调水平,并有继续向良性协调发展的趋势;城镇化水平、经济发展水平、产业结构、科技创新与应用、资源环境保护意识、生态文明建设年限,是影响森林生态旅游和生态文明耦合协调度的主要因素。     

新时期国土规划的任务、问题及对策

新时期国土规划的重要任务有:引导和促进发展方式转变;科学配置资源,调整和优化经济结构;完善制度保障,促进均衡发展;发挥导向作用,统筹经济、社会、生态和民生全面协调发展。在新时期国土规划中,针对保障发展与保护资源的两难问题,要以资源环境承载力评价为基础编制规划;针对开发资源与保护环境的矛盾问题,应以生态文明建设统领资源节约和环境保护;针对资源环境自然分区与行政区矛盾问题,要以资源环境自然分区为规划编制单元;针对发挥区域优势与克服"短板"制约问题,要以资源环境功能分区规划产业布局;针对当前与长远的矛盾问题,要确立资源环境承载力评价前置与后评估的程序;要建立科学的规划层级体系以处理好局部与整体关系。     

生态文明涵义解析及国土资源管理工作的思考

文明发展到今天已不再简单地以社会的物质财富和精神财富来衡量,还要考虑"生态环境的文明",即生态环境存在与发展状态。生态文明时代以建设生态环境持续发展基础上的人类文明为标志,人地之间形成平等、共生、共同发展的关系。国土资源管理工作在行使开发利用资源与环境权利,保障经济供给的同时,还应担当起保护自然、维护生态发展的责任,以生态文明建设的理念制定国土资源环境开发利用与整治的总体战略,促进形成节约集约利用能源资源和保护生态环境的产业结构、增长方式,确保资源环境可持续利用。     

建立农业可持续发展长效机制

<正>发展高产、优质、高效、生态、安全的生态友好型农业是江苏特色农业现代化的推进主线。全省各地必须牢固树立生态文明理念,把促进农业可持续发展作为转变发展方式的重要途径、建设生态文明的重要内容,提高环境有效保护、资源合理利用的能力,走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的新型发展之路。促进生态友好型农业发展。以节约农业投入品和加强资源循环利用为重点,启动实施     

加强资源生态管理，建设美丽中国--三论我国应实施资源立国国家战略

自然资源是生态系统的物质基础、自然主体和空间载体,是生态文明建设的关键要素。生态文明的核心是人与自然的和谐共存,资源环境与经济社会的协调发展。实施资源立国战略,是适应历史发展潮流的需要,也是建设生态文明、建设美丽中国的必然要求。资源生态管理是把资源系统和生态系统作为一个完整的整体,以建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会为主线,以建设美丽中国为最终目标,把资源的生态功能与经济功能统一起来的一种新的管理思想和管理模式。为此,应创新管理思维,转变管理方式,优化国土空间,完善资源保护、节约立法,开展资源环境核算,建立保护资源生态的评价指标体系,建立新的资源耗竭生态环境补偿机制。     

浅论生态文明建设的内涵、源流与核心

生态文明是人类文明的一种形态,它以尊重和维护自然为前提,以人与人、人与自然、人与社会和谐共生为宗旨,以建立可持续的生产方式和消费方式为内涵。生态文明是中华传统文明的精髓,较于传统文明是“绿色文明”,突出生态的重要性。生态文明致力于构造一个以资源环境承载力为基础、以自然规律为准则、以可持续社会经济文化政策为手段的环境友好型社会。生态文明建设的核心是建立按照生态系统规律运行发展的经济体系,建立遏制破坏生态环境的经济机制,切实增强生产过程和消费方式的生态化。     

复合生态系统视阈下的矿山企业生态责任构建

从复合生态系统的视阈来看,矿山企业是国民经济与社会发展的重要基础。但矿业开发在促进社会经济进步的同时,也给自然生态环境带来了不可逆转的危害。如:改变地形,引发地质灾害;对水、大气、土壤产生立体污染;破坏生态系统,酿成严重的资源环境危机。因此,矿山企业必须全面履行生态责任,建设绿色矿山,切实减轻矿产开发及其生产经营活动对自然生态带来的危害。这需要矿山企业树立"绿水青山"新理念和全员生态责任意识,加强矿山企业生态伦理文化与生态文明建设,形成矿山企业履行生态责任的长效机制。     

湖北省工业化进程中的资源环境困境与生态文明突破思路

生态文明建设的重点是资源节约利用和生态环境保护。湖北省生态文明建设的突破思路应立足于湖北省主要资源环境问题。湖北省当前资源环境问题主要有大宗矿产资源缺乏、水污染严重、城区环境空气质量不容乐观、自然资源消耗强度过高、"三废"治理不充分等方面。这些问题的集中发生,已影响到湖北省社会经济的健康发展和全面建成小康社会的质量。湖北省应采取措施,以解决主要资源环境问题为重点,按照主体功能区要求,协调好工业化和城镇化与生态环境承载力的关系,采取多项措施,推进生态文明的大发展。     

容县：全面推进生态循环农业发展 加快社会主义新农村建设

“建设生态文明，基本形成节约能源资源和保护生态环境的产业结构、增长方式、消费模式。循环经济形成较大规模，可再生能源比重显著上升。主要污染物排放得到有效控制，生态环境质量明显改善。生态文明观念在全社会牢固树立。”这是胡锦涛同志在十七大报告中提出的实现全面建设小康社会奋斗目标的新要求之一。这个新要求，指明了目的、内容和途径，是我们建设生态文明的行动指南。它对指导我们全面推进生态循环农业发展，加快社会主义新农村建设具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义，容县也不例外。     

国土资源与可持续发展

今天 ,我向大家介绍一下我国国土资源的有关情况 ,并与大家一起学习中央关于国土资源管理的重要指示精神。我的介绍分为三个部分 :一是对国土资源重要地位和作用的认识 ;二是对国土资源面临严峻形势的分析 ;三是保护和合理利用国土资源的对策。一、国土资源的重要地位和作用自然资源包括土地资源、矿产资源、海洋资源、水资源、森林资源、草原资源、生物资源、气候资源、能源资源及自然景观旅游资源等十多种。社会生产离不开资源 ,无论生产创造的财富属于哪一个门类 ,其起始点都必定是自然资源。任何一个国家 ,其经济发展的规模、速度以及稳…     

国土资源科技进步与可持续发展

本文探讨了国土资源科技进步与可持续发展的关系 ,科技进步实现我国现阶段可持续发展的途径 ,对可持续发展的未来进行了展望 ,并提出了若干结论和建议。     

保障抗震救灾粮油质量安全的实践与体会

<正>"5·12"特大地震,给四川省粮食系统造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额经济损失,全省21个市州、148个县(市、区)、618个企业遭受了不同程度的破坏和损失,造成的直接和间接经济损失达到140亿     

江苏省地质环境管理改革发展的目标与路径

江苏省现阶段的主要地质环境问题是由自然因素和人为因素造成和引发的。多年来,江苏省地质环境管理取得了很大成绩,但也存在不少问题。新时期加强地质环境管理要根据江苏省的实际,不断深化认识,健全法制,明确责任,突出重点,拓宽地质环境管理思路;要从政府、企业和社会三方面着手,构建保障社会科学发展的地质环境管理新机制,全面推进地质环境管理改革,为江苏省现代化建设"两个率先"的宏伟目标服务。     

Similarities and dissimilarities between the EU agricultural and rural development model and Romanian agriculture. Challenges and perspectives

The main aims of this study are to highlight the differences and the similarities between the European model of agricultural and rural development, and the state of play in the Romanian agricultural sector. Statistically speaking, the agricultural sector's indicators of the past two decades place Romania outside the family picture of the EU countries, with very slight resemblances, and very strong discrepancies between their economic, technical, and institutional characteristics. At present, competition-wise, farming and farmers in Romania are still strongly disfavoured in relation to their competitors in the old EU Member States. In Romania, the economic and institutional mechanisms have most often been devised to the disadvantage of agricultural production, by claiming that subsistence farming would be the sustainable way, and by channelling the added value to other sectors. An option to continue the agricultural policies of the past decades and to abandon the national support lent to agriculture would be particularly risky through its unpredictable and incalculable social and economic effects.     

Land use planning and health and well-being

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the planning of settlements and health. It gives a brief introduction to the issues before summarising the evidence in relation to a range of topics, concluding with some more speculative thoughts on likely future findings.Modern planning was invented in response to inhumane living conditions in 19th century cities. But in the last century the connection was lost. Only now, with concerns over climate change and obesity, is there beginning to be the realisation that the physical environment is an important determinant of health.The paper uses a particular model of this relationship based on eco-system and health determinants theories to structure the review of evidence. The review covers: lifestyle choices in relation to physical activity and diet, mental well-being and community, the local economy and income, health inequalities and strategic land use transport planning, pollution and urban form, and finally impacts on global ecology.There is now a growing consensus that while personal factors are critical in determining health, the urban environment exacerbates or mitigates health and well-being outcomes.The level of active travel (walking and cycling) and outdoor recreational activity is strongly affected by accessibility to local facilities. Access to green, natural environments, and to local social networks, are factors in mental well-being. The wider sub-regional pattern of housing, economic development, land use and transport is a determinant of social exclusion and therefore health inequalities. It also affects health-damaging pollution, adaptability in the face of climate change and the level of carbon dioxide emissions.We have literally been building unhealthy conditions into many of our towns and cities. But comparisons with the best cities in Europe indicate that it is possible to reverse the less desirable trends. Success depends, however, on more radical policies of local authority control over land and finance than any political party has yet advocated. It also requires collaboration between the full range of powerful public and private organizations that influence the built environment.Future research is likely to further strengthen these conclusions. It will become much more obvious that planning for health and well-being is not only the NHS, but about creating a health-promoting physical, social and economic environment.     

Technical and Organizational Change and Economies of Scale and Scope in Developing Countries

This article examines the impact of flexible automation (FA) and associated organizational techniques on scale and scope economies and optimal scale. It is based on an in-depth survey of 62 engineering firms in Brazil, India, Mexico, Thailand, Turkey and Venezuela. The paper finds that the replacement of old, mainly conventional, machine tools and transfer lines by new computer-numerically-controlled machine tools and related FA has resulted in lower economical batch sizes and the manufacturing of growing variety, making it possible to reap economies of scope. Scale and scope economies at product level have, however, reinforced scale economies at plant level, resulting in higher levels of optimal output. The main factors accounting for such impact are the reduction in the number of operations required, the improved efficiency and accuracy of the new technologies and the much higher capital fixed costs vis-a ¤ -vis the technologies that were replaced. Higher plant scales could limit the potential for industrialization in developing countries.