湖南省矿山地质环境保护现状及措施研究

湖南省因采矿活动引发的地质环境问题主要有矿山地质灾害、占用破坏土地资源、影响及破坏地下水系统、水土污染。湖南省从法律法规和制度建设、矿山地质环境调查、治理规划、治理备用金制度、评估及企业和政府投资治理等方面对矿山地质环境进行了一定的保护。湖南省矿山地质环境保护需要进一步完善矿山地质环境保护法规体系,通过法律手段促进矿山地质环境可持续发展;实施严格、高效的矿山地质环境行政管理措施;运用矿山地质环境管理经济手段,从影响成本和收益入手,大力发展循环经济,从根本上减少矿山地质环境破坏;采取无废开采,矿区复垦等技术措施对矿山地质环境进行保护。文章还探讨了新建、生产、闭坑三种类型矿山的保护措施。     

浅析贵州省矿山地质灾害特征及防治对策

贵州矿山地质灾害主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地裂缝、地面塌陷、矿坑突水等,主要分布在西部及北部,以小型为主,大部分为人类工程活动诱发;其中地面塌陷和地裂缝是主要类型,崩塌和矿井突水危害程度最大,诱发最多的是能源矿山。贵州矿山地质灾害防治对策:从矿山地质灾害的分布特征、诱发因素实际出发,加强领导,建立部门联席会议制度;合理规划,健全矿山地质环境保护制度;加大宣传力度,建立矿山地质灾害预警系统,将矿山地质灾害纳入群防群测体系,采用工程治理、搬迁避让等多种手段,确保矿山及周边人民群众生命财产安全;同时,要建立矿山地质环境专项基金,逐步解决历史遗留问题,严把新建矿山准入关。     

对我国矿山地质环境保护工作的对策建议

我国矿山地质环境问题主要有环境污染、环境与资源破坏、矿山地质灾害三大类.我国矿山地质环境保护工作存在的主要问题①监管机制不完善,监督管理职能相互脱节,相关法律法规体系不健全,执法能力有待提高;②矿山地质环境治理资金缺乏;③矿山地质环境治理的相关技术标准数量少,覆盖面窄.文章从加强管理、资金筹措和技术标准等三个方面提出了有针对性的对策建议.     

重庆市永川区矿山生态环境问题与对策探讨

调查分析了永川的地质构造因素及矿产资源的开发概况;实地调查统计了由于矿山开采造成的土地资源破坏、地表植被破坏、地下水资源破坏、诱发地质灾害等情况;探寻了引起矿山环境问题的更深层次的原因。通过对国内外矿山生态环境恢复的成功案例的分析,结合永川区近年来在矿山环境恢复治理方面的工作进展及不足,提出了有针对性的适合本地区发展的矿山地质环境保护措施与对策建议。     

增强"绿色矿业"理念实现矿业可持续发展

矿业开发活动对社会生态环境的危害越来越严重:占用耕地,诱发地质灾害,破坏水均衡,破坏地貌景观等.通过总结和借鉴发达国家在矿山环境保护方面采取的一系列政策和措施,提出"绿色矿业"理念及解决我国矿山环境保护和实现矿业可持续发展的建议.     

我国矿山地质环境保护及其控制指标体系

矿山地质环境是矿山环境的重要组成部分，保护矿山地质环境．对于改善生态环境、促进经济社会可持续发展具有深远意义。我国矿山环境保护近年来虽然取得了积极的进展，但保护与治理形势严峻的基本状况仍未改变。我国矿山环境问题主要表现在环境污染、环境破坏、生态破坏等方面。矿山环境保护与治理指标有噪声治理指标、生态环境恢复指标、资源综合利用指标、地质灾害控制指标四项．指标设置存在不符标准规范．部分指标名称不统一．操作性较差等问题。改进建议：（1）设置指向明确的控制指标；（2）尽量统一指标名称；（3）提高指标的可操作性；（4）提高指标体系的前瞻性。     

广西采石场矿山地质环境保护与治理的思考

广西通过法规制度体系建设、矿山地质环境调查、治理规划等举措对采石场矿山地质环境进行了有效的保护和治理。目前存在责任主体不明、相关法律法规落实不到位、缺乏必要的监管手段、标准不健全,技术投入和支持不够等问题。建议完善自身的法规体系,实施严格、高效的矿山地质环境行政管理;运用管理技术、经济手段,从根本上减少矿山地质环境破坏,扎实推进采石场矿山地质环境保护与治理恢复工作。     

浅议矿山地质环境状况及防治措施

采矿是对环境最具有破坏力的行为之一,面临如此严峻的形势,加强矿山地质环境保护,强化地质环境监督管理已经到了刻不容缓的地步.本文从就矿山地质环境状况、产生原因进行分析研究,并提出了加强矿山地质环境保护管理工作的措施建议.     

保护草原，需要加强生态地质环境管理

加强生态地质环境管理对于保护草原生态、防治沙漠化非常重要。为此,需要打破生态管理的条块分割,从草原生态系统的健康完整性出发,加强草原区大型工程活动和勘查采矿的生态地质环境保护工作。建议公共工程要模范依法采矿,不随意乱采土石破坏草原;道路工程等大型公益性基础设施建设应当力争实现挖方填方平衡利用;严格限制在沙质草原区取土取料,严格限制取用地下水;地表腐植土层资源化管理;落实生态地质环境保护与建设责任;妥善处理以往遗留的矿山生态地质环境问题;合理选择和布局草原区各类工业园区,以产业政策引导生态地质环境保护。此外,应将生态地质环境保护统一纳入常规国土资源遥感监测和评估管理体系。     

无主砂石矿山生态恢复综合规划治理模式探讨

砂石矿山资源总量丰富,分布区域广泛,矿山数量众多,生态环境问题日趋严重,部分责任主体灭失,仅靠政府财政投入治理,资金缺口巨大,治理周期较长。文章通过对砂石矿山生态恢复综合规划治理模式进行探讨,分析砂石矿山地表景观损毁、水土流失、植被破坏、地质环境等生态环境破坏类型,提出结合土地利用综合规划,对项目区划分耕地治理、林地治理、边坡草地治理、坑塘水面治理、道路沟渠配套设施等综合治理分区,针对不同分区分析不同生态恢复治理方案。针对资金来源,提出将治理区纳入国家财政投入项目区、引入社会资本合作、完善矿山地质环境治理恢复基金制度等多渠道投资模式。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式,发挥地质工作优势,推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步,紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势,加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况,积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源,两个市场”的思路,通过实施中外合作勘查项目,以境外勘查工作为载体和平台,实施引进来和走出去战略,为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

Successful Practices in California Wine Exporting

Abstract

California is one of the world's largest wine producers, yet it has exported only a small portion of its products. Many US wineries want to pursue opportunities in foreign markets but only a few are actually doing this successfully. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the successful practices of 12 California wineries that have achieved their financial targets and other export goals. A qualitative research design of in-depth interviews was employed. Results indicate that there are 5 major success factors, with the two most important being the foreign partner relationship and top management vision and commitment to exporting.     

Time Allocation Decisions Associated with Job Market Preparation: Undergraduate Perceptions versus Market Realities

A survey of agribusiness firms identifies characteristics associated with above average starting salary offers in the allied fields of agribusiness, agricultural economics, business, and economics. A complementary survey is made of students at Texas A&M University and University of Georgia. Results show that firms value work experience and leadership experience more than students do, whereas students value raising grade point average and interview preparation more than do firms. Students seeking a firm's maximum starting salary offer will need to enhance academic performance with substantial work experience and leadership experience.     

Developments in the Doha Round and WTO dispute settlement: some implications for EU agricultural policy

Progress in the Doha Round is assessed against the changes tothe common agricultural policy (CAP) brought about by the Fischlerreforms of 2003–2004, and that proposed for sugar. Anelimination of export subsidies could place EU exports of processedfoods at a competitive disadvantage because of high sugar andmilk prices. Provided the single payment scheme falls withinthe green box, the likely new limits on domestic support shouldnot be problematic for the post-Fischler CAP. However, an ambitiousmarket access package could open up EU markets and bring pressurefor further reform. If there is no Doha agreement, existingprovisions will continue to apply, but without the protectionof the Peace Clause; and increased litigation is likely. FurtherCAP reform is to be expected.