区域农业比较优势评价方法综述

运用比较优势原则调整农业结构，进行农业区域布局，发展特色农业，是加入WTO后提高我国农业竞争力的一个长期重要的任务，为了全面系统地了解和有效运用比较优势原则，文章对比较优势理论，比较优势分析方法及国内学者在区域农业研究中的应用等进行了综合论述和评价。     

加快农业结构调整确保农业发展农民增收

随着我国加入ＷＴＯ进程加快,夹江县农业面临新的机遇和挑战。形势的变化要求我们对农业必须有一个全新的再认识。立足我县农业产业现状和区域经济特色,利用我县农业的比较优势,面对市场调整农业结构已势在必行。一、粮食生产与市场需求脱节,调整生产结构已是当务之急。生产结构调整过程中一个重要措施就是政策性减产,适时调整粮食种植结构。在大小春布局上,形成大春三分之二面积抓粮食,小春三分之二面积抓钱的格局。紧紧围绕增收搞调整,重点提高农业科技含量,由数量效益型向质量效益型转变:一是着力提高品种质量,满足市场优势需求;二是发展…     

优势农产品的区域布局与农业结构调整

随着我国加入WTO和农业国际化进程的加快，我国农产品市场面临着前所未有的压力。为了尽快提高我国农产品的市场竞争力，必须推进优势农产品的区域布局。文章首先阐述了优势农产品的区域布局有利于促进农业结构调整，以比较优势为原则进行优势农产品的区域布局，最后提出了进一步推进优势农产区域布局、促进农业结构调整的具体措施。     

优化农产品区域布局推进农业结构调整

优化农产品区域布局,进一步发挥农业比较优势,是推进农业和农村经济结构战略性调整的重大步骤,也是我国农业增长方式的重大变革.要坚持按客观规律办事,尊重农民意愿,抓住重点环节,扎扎实实地做好这项工作.     

优化农产品区域布局 促进农业结构调整

<正> 优化农产品区域布局,进一步发挥农业比较优势,是推进农业和农村经济结构战略性调整的重大步骤,也是我国农业增长方式的重大变革。加入WTO给我国农业带来了参与国际竞争与合作、实现优势互补、促进发展的新机会,也使我国的农业面临着严峻的挑战。我国农产品关税大     

上海发展总部农业初探

所谓总部农业,是指依托发达地区和大城市密集的人才、技术信息等创新资源优势吸引农业企业将总部在该区域集群布局,同时将生产制造基地布局在具有比较优势的其它地区,使农业企业总部与生产或加工基地分离,由此对该区域经济产生重要影响的一种农业经济形态。加快总部农业发展,是促进农业发展方式转变和产业结构升级的战略选择,是加快发展创新型经济的重要路径。     

加快形成优势产区 积极应对入世挑战

优化农业区域布局是农业结构战略性调整的一个重要内容，因地制宜地确定区域主导产业，加快形成集中优势产区，促进优势农产品生产区域化，规模化，对于提高我国农业的整体素质和效益，增强农产品的国际竞争力有重大意义，应当作为调整农业结构，应对入世挑战的一项重要而紧迫的工作来抓，本文对推进优势农产品区域化布局进行了论述。     

莆田市农业结构调整与区域布局

阐述了莆田市农业结构调整的原因，并提出了农业结构调整的目标与方向：为了大力调整农业生产结构，根据莆田市农业区划的三大分区，山区、平原、沿海兼有的特点，突出区域优势，建立特色农业，分地域与行业进行布局。     

农业部发布优势农产品区域布局规划

优化农业区域布局 ,是推进农业结构战略性调整的重要步骤。为加快我国农业区域布局调整 ,建设优势农产品产业带 ,推动农产品竞争力增强、农业增效和农民增收 ,农业部研究编制了《优势农产品区域布局规划 (2 0 0 3— 2 0 0 7年 )》。指导思想是 :从应对入世和促进新阶段农业结构战略性调整的要求出发 ,遵循自然规律和经济规律 ,着眼“两个市场、两种资源” ,充分发挥比较优势 ,实施扶优扶强的非均衡发展战略 ,坚持以质取胜 ,在发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用的同时 ,加强宏观调控 ,实施政策倾斜 ,合理有效地配置农业生产要素 ,重点培育优势农…     

比较优势原理及其在农业上的运用

综述了比较优势原理及其发展过程，指出比较优势是动态的、变化的；介绍了农业比较优势的3种计算方法，即转换法、国内资源成本法、显示比较优势法；最后分析了比较优势原理在农业上的应用：一是有助于建立统一、完整的市场体系，二是有助于调整农产品生产结构，三是实施农产品生产科学布局，四是组织农产品对外贸易。     

面粉中含砂量测定的不确定度评定

本文依据《粮油检验粉类粮食含砂量测定》对面粉中含砂量进行测量,并对其测量结果进行不确定度分析,探究影响测量过程中不确定度分量来源并进行评定。分析得出,扩展不确定度为0.0004%,面粉中含砂量测定结果为0.017%±0.0004%(k=2)。     

饲料中镉含量的测量不确定度评定

分析石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定饲料中镉含量不确定度各个分量,对其测量不确定度进行合理评定,结果表明:饲料样品中镉含量为0.052 mg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为0.0035 mg/kg(k=2),校准过程和测试过程随机效应是引入不确定度的主要原因。     

食品中金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测的不确定度评定

为提高食品中金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测结果的准确性,本文对测量不确定度进行分析和评定.按照《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验金黄色葡萄球菌检验》(GB 4789.10—2016)第二法金黄色葡萄球菌平板计数法对人工染菌的乳粉样品进行检测,按照《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059.1—2012)分析不确定度来源、评定标准不确定度、计算合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度.金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测结果的扩展不确定度U=0.0662(k=2.26),金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测结果为33574～45541 CFU·g-1,修约后为34000～46000 CFU·g-1.对金黄色葡萄球菌检测不确定度贡献最大的是接种Baird-Parker平板引入的不确定度,其次是重复检测引入的不确定度.     

中国水稻生产效率的变动分析

一、引言中国是世界最大的稻谷生产国 ,水稻是中国最主要的粮食作物。我国加入WTO后 ,在市场经济的调节下 ,稻谷生产与贸易受国际市场和价格的影响越来越大 ,因而如何保护我国的农业 ,提高我国水稻的国际竞争力 ,促进我国农产品的生产和贸易 ,是摆在我们面前的一件重要事情。而生产效率的提高有助于提高我国水稻的国际竞争力 ,所以 ,研究水稻的生产效率很有意义和价值。生产效率是指产出量与全部投入之比 ,表明产出量的变动与全部投入量变动的关系 ,以衡量生产率的变化对经济增长的作用。生产效率一般是指生产系统的总要素生产率 (TotalFa…     

明代华北农业发展的推动因素分析——生产要素角度的描述与估计

本文以明代时期的北直隶、山东、河南为例,从生产要素的角度分析明代华北农业发展的推动因素.一是人口的增长、迁移和耕地面积的增加.二是农田水利,除了治理河流,井灌得到了广泛采用.三是农业技术有所进步.本文还尝试用生产函数模型,分别对中性、劳动增强型和土地增强型的技术进步率进行估计,结苯表明,明代华北农业的增长方式主要依赖于劳动和耕地的增加.在资源约束日益加剧的今天,要进一步重视技术进步在推动农业发展中的作用,同时在技术选择和创新中还特别需要注意与各地的资源禀赋条件相适应.     

重庆缙云山旅游竞争力提升研究

缙云山作为国家级重点风景名胜区，在自然资源、生态、区位和宗教旅游方面具有一定的旅游竞争优势，但如何有效利用这些优势资源提高景区的竞争力仍是其面临的重要问题。通过分析缙云山的旅游竞争力基本要素，指出其目前存在的旅游产品单一、景区客源市场小等问题。提出改变旅游资源开发方向，完善解说系统，培养专业人才，加强管理等提升缙云山旅游竞争力的相关措施。     

Assessment of implementation of protection of mineral deposits in spatial planning in Poland

A complex of raw materials available in a given commune shapes its functional − spatial structure and affects local economic development. The use of the resource base of minerals depends largely on the management of the space and respecting the zoning restrictions connected with protection of mineral deposits. The urgent need to protect them is due to their non-renewable nature and progressive development of the land. Preserving access to deposits is essential to ensure future mineral supply necessary for the economic development. This article presents the results of the assessment of implementation of rules of protection of mineral deposits in spatial planning at the level of territorial units in Poland.The study has been conducted in twenty-three communes of the Lesser Poland voivodeship, for thirty-one unexploited mineral deposits designated for protection in the Spatial Development Plan of the Lesser Poland (Małopolskie) Voivodeship of 2003. In the study of conflict with development of the selected mineral deposits with the environment, factors related to land use, forms of nature protection, water conservation and planned land development have been evaluated. The assessment has taken into account the importance of individual factors of conflict by giving them weights by means of pairwise comparison method. Five classes of conflict of the deposit management have been proposed: non-conflicting deposit, small conflict, medium conflict, major conflict and very big conflict. Almost equal numbers of deposits (9) belong to the class characterized by a of medium, small and large conflicts. Road and technical projects as well as expected significant impact of exploitation on the environment restrain exploitation. The impact is related to the necessity of use of explosives during the exploitation and by the cumulative effect of the mining activity already existing nearby. Analysis of the planning documents of the communes has shown both inadequate protection of mineral resources, including designation of areas of deposits for single-family housing, and a few examples of properly maintained spatial planning in the field of protection of mineral deposits. Information obtained from the environmental survey has been supplemented by assessment of the social aspect. In nine communes it has been determined that the areas of mineral deposits are not subject to spatial conflicts but in seven communes there is opposite situation. The most important benefits from the mineral exploitation which has been indicated in the studied documents included: jobs, access to construction materials and development of the commune.Present work allowed to define the areas and the scale of conflicts induced by development of mineral deposits and to propose measures for rational management of mineral resources. Recognition of the existing and potential conflicts can help to make the right decisions concerning development of the area and minimising impacts of exploitation of the mineral deposits.     

分光光度法测定食品中亚硝酸盐不确定度评估

本文根据《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059.1—2012)和《食品安全国家标准食品中亚硝酸盐与硝酸盐的测定》(GB 5009.33—2016),利用分光光度法对食品中亚硝酸盐的含量进行测定,建立数学模型对亚硝酸盐含量测定的不确定度来源分量进行计算、分析,食品中亚硝酸盐的测定结果可以表示为X=(11.2±0.70)mg·kg^-1,k=2,为评价试验测量结果的真确性提供科学依据。     

农地生产率变化及不同规模农户农地生产率比较研究--浙江省农村固定观察点农户农地经营状况分析

本文以浙江省农村固定观察点的农户为研究对象①,对近十几年来农户农地利用结构和生产效率方面的变化做一实证分析。一、农地生产率变化分析(一)农地生产率及其经营效益变化从观察户的跟踪观察资料看,随着科学技术的进步和农户生产技术水平的提高,农户的农地生产率总体呈上升趋势。这里我们以浙江的主要农作物粮食的单位面积产量与农地单位面积投工两个方面来说明。从表1可见,在固定观察点建立以来的14年中,按播种面积计算的粮食亩产提高了15.14%(1988年较1986年提高20.60%);同期,每亩农地的用工量减少了36.76%。表1的后半部分是农户农地经…     

Evaluation of forestland use in mining operation activities in Turkey in terms of sustainable natural resources

Mining has been necessary for human activities and is conducted in line with this need. The location of mines must sometimes be where land use overlaps with other activities because the location of the mined substance cannot be changed. In Turkey, forestland are the most common of these overlapping areas. Therefore, mining has frequently occurred on forestland in Turkey—and worldwide. After the mining operation activities are conducted, the forestland are rehabilitated and returned to the forest administration. The examination of used and returned areas provides an opportunity to create an optimal situation between “mining for sustainable development” and “protection of forestland.”Accordingly, several questions, such as mining production amounts, degrees of social and economic development of the cities in which enterprises are conducting mining, the quantity of the areas they used for mining activities in forestland, the areas which were returned to the forest administration, operating license areas and operation permit areas, and the life of mining operation, were asked to the mining enterprises in Turkey through the “Survey Monkey” program in 2018. Thus, according to mineral groups, different land use rates were compared with the operating license areas, and the land uses for each mineral group were analyzed by considering the operation activity periods. The results indicate that the sustainability of the use of forestry in mining activities in Turkey has changed in a positive direction, particularly because of changes in mining and environmental legislation in Turkey over the last decade.