基于MA的森林生态系统服务价值评价——以浙江省遂昌县为例

森林生态系统服务价值评价有利于为区域可持续发展和生态文明建设提供指导和依据。基于联合国千年生态系统评估框架,运用市场价值法、费用替代法、替代工程法和防护支出法等,对浙江省遂昌县森林生态系统服务价值进行评价。结果表明,2009年遂昌县森林生态系统调节服务价值为192.839亿元;可计量的供给价值为4.495亿元,两项合计197.334亿元,相当于当年GDP的47.86亿元的4.12倍。文化服务类型多样,内容丰富。如果进行绿色GDP核算,将明显提升遂昌县地位。     

2002～2004年基于森林的绿色GDP核算研究相关文献综述

通过回顾近3年基于森林绿色GDP核算的相关文献,发现这一领域的研究尚存在若干缺陷,如区域森林资源价值核算的可比性问题、森林资源价值纳入GDP核算的难点问题、SEEA在我国的具体应用。基于森林会计、专业统计与绿色GDP核算的统一问题,人力资本、社会资本纳入绿色GDP核算问题,以及绿色林业政策问题将是该领域未来的主要研究方向。     

都市型农业土地利用生态服务价值研究--以北京市顺义区为例

该文以都市型农业生态功能的加强为背景,参照Costanza等人对全球陆地生态系统服务价值研究结果,研究了北京郊区顺义区近10年来土地利用生态服务价值变化.结果表明：顺义区土地利用生态服务价值表现为明显的阶段性：1993～1998年土地利用生态服务价值减少了125万元,1998～2002年土地利用生态服务价值增加了1 147万元.总体看,顺义区土地利用结构正向着生态、经济良性循环方向发展.但与全国生态服务价值与GDP比值1.25相比,还具有很大差距.说明目前顺义区生态建设的速度远远落后于经济发展速度.为加强都市型农业生态功能和迎接2008年“绿色”奥运,在今后土地利用过程中必须加大生态环境建设的力度.     

中国森林碳汇生产总值核算及分析

根据第九次全国森林资源清查数据和中国林业统计年鉴,按照国家正式颁布的《生态系统评估：生态系统生产总值(GEP)核算技术规范》及联合国SEEA-EEA推荐的生态产值核算方法,对2013—2018年我国森林碳汇生产总值进行了核算,并与第八、第九次森林资源清查碳汇监测结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,2013—2018年,我国森林碳储量、碳汇量呈增长态势,碳储量年均增长3.58%,碳汇量年均增长14.95%。在价值核算上,2013年我国森林碳储量价值为8044.24亿元,2018年为8824.20亿元,年均增长1.87%。2013年、2018年森林碳汇价值量分别为142.23亿元和272.06亿元,2018年森林碳汇价值约占林业总产值的0.34%。按相关研究提供的投入产出完全消耗系数计算的2018年森林碳汇生产总值为141.47亿元～152.35亿元,约占2018年我国GDP总量的0.015%～0.017%。研究表明,2013—2018年,我国森林碳汇生产总值占GDP的比重呈下降态势,但森林碳储量、碳汇实物量呈增长态势。研究认为,建立统一的GEP核算标准体系、减小森林生态系统的中间消耗、提高森林...     

三峡库区(重庆段)森林水土保持服务功能价值研究

以三峡库区重庆段为研究对象,采用机会成本法、影子工程法、替代工程费用法等研究方法,核算了三峡库区重庆段的森林水土保持服务功能价值。森林生态系统服务功能中的水土保持服务功能研究结果表明:三峡库区重庆段森林水土保持服务功能总价值为14.802亿元/a,其中减少土地损失的价值为203万元/a、减轻泥沙淤积的价值为1196万元/a、土壤肥力保持价值为14.662亿元/a。为正确的核算三峡库区绿色GDP提供一定的借鉴意义。     

关于绿色国民经济核算体系的思考

随着环境问题的突出,现行国民经济核算体制存在很大的弊端,要求建立绿色国民核算体系的呼声越来越高。绿色GDP核算是1993联合国经济和社会事务部统计处在修订国民经济核算体系时,根据社会统计可持续发展观理论提出的新的核算概念。本文对现行国民核算体系的缺陷作了分析,简述了绿色国民核算体系的发展现状,指出了制约绿色国民经济核算发展的因素,提出了我国绿色国民经济核算体系发展的建议。     

赤水市生态系统生产总值核算研究

以赤水市作为生态系统生产总值(GEP)核算的案例,运用影子工程法、旅游费用法等方法,核算内容包括产品提供、调节服务和文化服务等3项价值共10项指标。结果表明:2016年,赤水市GEP为352.85亿元,人均11.16万元,约为当年该市国内生产总值(GDP)的3.67倍。核算结果反映出赤水市生态环境状态良好,对赤水市经济发展和生态文明建设具有一定的促进和指导作用。     

峡江县“十一五”林地和立木价值核算

依据国内外研究成果,目前开展森林资源价值核算的目的主要有两类情况:一是从改革现行的国民经济核算体系出发,试图建立绿色GDP综合核算体系,其中包括森林资源及其环境因子核算;二是从客观反映森林的多种价值出发,研究森林的各种物质效益和环境生态效益、社会效益,致力于树立一种与可持续发展理念相吻合的森林价值观,为森林保护和利用提供科学依据。介绍峡江县自然社会经济状况,对峡江县"十一五"林地和立木资源进行价值核算,以供参考。     

浅谈绿色GDP核算

在可持续发展理论、生态经济理论大受推崇的大背景下,绿色GDP核算受到学术界广泛关注。本文以传统GDP的局限性为基础谈起,引入绿色GDP的概念,尽而提出一些发展中可能存在的问题和几点建议。     

稻田资源价值体系构建及价值评估——以南京市为例

对稻田资源的生态价值和社会价值重视不足是稻田保护工作的最大缺陷,导致了稻田资源流失严重。通过构建稻田资源的价值体系,选取收益还原法、市场价值法、影子工程法、造林成本法、当量因子法、替代法等多学科相结合方法核算了稻田资源的经济价值、生态价值和社会价值,最终得出南京市稻田资源价值量为348.92万元/hm2,其中经济价值、生态价值和社会价值所占的比例分别为3.32%、30.26%和66.42%,充分说明稻田资源的实物生产价值远远低于其生态价值和社会价值。在社会价值中,国家粮食安全价值(58.08%)﹥社会保障价值(41.92%);在社会保障价值中,养老保障价值(84.08%)﹥就业保障价值(15.92%),表明稻田资源的国家粮食安全价值和养老保障价值具有十分重要的作用。以2012年为基准年,南京市稻田资源的总价值量为3 333.23亿元,是当年南京市GDP的46.28%;人均稻田资源价值量为5.2万元/人,是当年人均GDP的58.78%,稻田资源价值巨大,研究结果为政府建立多层次的稻田保护补偿机制提供了科学依据,为具体经济补偿标准的确定提供了技术支撑。     

Green infrastructure and public policies: An international review of green roofs and green walls incentives

Worldwide, green infrastructure is increasingly used to mitigate the impacts of dense urban areas, contributing towards the naturalization of the built environment. However, for investors, these systems often emerge as requiring substantial upfront cost (high installation costs) and, depending on the solution, might also have significant maintenance costs. On the other hand, policymakers are placing green infrastructure on the agenda, as a solution to consider in urban planning and design. There is a mismatch between the economic/social/environmental value of green infrastructure and their financial analysis. As the quantified benefits of these solutions may not compensate the high implementation costs, discouraging building owners to invest in them. The alignment of both expectations, public and private agents, regarding the development of green infrastructure, is done through the use of incentives, with distinct configurations and nature, that promote and facilitate the adoption of green infrastructure by private investors. This research aims to identify and analyse the incentive policies used by several municipalities to promote the installation of green roofs and/or green walls. The data set includes 113 cities in 19 countries. The incentive policies were classified into six different categories: tax reductions, financing, construction permit, sustainability certification, obligations by law and agile administrative process. The results show that incentive policies are mainly concentrated in Europe and North America, and most incentive policies focus on the promotion of green roofs, as no exclusive incentive policies for the promotion of green walls were found. From all incentive policies studied, financial subsidies and obligations by law are the most used ways to promote green infrastructure worldwide.     

The value of green walls to urban biodiversity

Despite increased interest in the implementation of green walls in urban areas and the recognised benefits of monetary valuation of ecosystem services, no studies have been undertaken to estimate the economic value of biodiversity they provide. The valuation of natural resources allows policy makers to justify resource allocation. Using the Southampton, UK, as a case study, this paper estimates the public’s perceived value of green walls to urban biodiversity, in the form of their willingness to pay (WTP). Estimates were derived using a random parameter model that accounted for socio-economic and attitudinal determinants of choice, using choice experiment data. Three green infrastructure policies were tested; two green wall designs (‘living wall’ and ‘green façade’) and an ‘alternative green policy’; and compared against ‘no green policy’. Results indicated a WTP associated with green infrastructure that increases biodiversity. Attitudinal characteristics such as knowledge of biodiversity and aesthetic opinion were significant, providing an indication of identifiable preferences between green policies and green wall designs. A higher level of utility was associated with the living wall, followed by the green façade. In both cases, the value of the green wall policies exceeds the estimated investment cost; so our results suggest that implementation would provide net economic benefits.     

基于策划理念的城市多维绿地景观形象塑造——以广州花都为例

城市绿地景观形象塑造不仅需要植物景观的实体规划建设,更需要对植物景观内涵精神的宣传和推广。文章以广州花都为实例,引入"策划"理念,通过有效的策划,确定最具独特性和鲜明性的绿地景观架构特征,设计有特色、有场所精神的绿化产品。并依靠策划活动,提升城市绿地景观形象的知名度,使绿地景观形象实现从视觉识别上升到理念识别。     

基于生态环境可持续发展的绿色物流实施策略分析

绿色物流是城市环保的新增长点,着重体现了城市和行业的可持续发展。在绿色物流的环境下,现代化物流的发展成为社会经济的“第三利润源泉”。本文首先阐述了绿色物流提出的背景和内涵;根据国外绿色物流的发展状况,对比了我国绿色物流存在的差距;又通过绿色物流与绿色交通、绿色保管与装卸、流通加工、可持续发展的运输模式等四个方面内在联系探讨了绿色物流在我国的实施策略和途径,从而有效地遏止物流发展造成的污染和能源浪费。     

Barrier identification framework for the implementation of blue and green infrastructures

Blue-green infrastructure (BGI) is becoming a more popular means of dealing with climate change and climate change-related events. However, as the concept of BGI is relatively new, many urban and rural planners are unfamiliar with the barriers they may face during the lifecycle of a BGI project. As a result, some have been hesitant to adopt BGI solutions. The literature has unveiled many of the barriers that inhibit the successful development of BGI, however, this information has yet to be presented in a manner that allows for easy identification. In this paper, a systematic literature review is undertaken to develop a framework which will enable BGI planners to assess the potential threats of a BGI project throughout the project’s lifecycle.     

ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE CONCEPT OF A GREEN CADASTRE FOR RURAL AREAS

The decrease in the area of agricultural land resulting from global population growth requires active monitoring and protective measures to prevent the loss of this valuable resource. In Poland, there is currently no single geographic information system comprehensively supporting agricultural policy. However, there are many dispersed systems containing various data on agricultural production. The aim of this study was to propose a concept for the development of a uniform Green Cadastre for Poland based on international guidelines and standards and national possibilities. The analyses revealed that the reference Land Administration System (LAS) integrated with databases of agricultural businesses can contribute to monitoring of agricultural land and support agricultural policy. The results were used to formulate conclusions about the three key determinants of the proposed Green Cadastre: key drivers, key content and key functionality. The discussed concept is fully consistent with Sustainable Development Goals, and it constitutes a comprehensive information system for the public administration and other parties.     

造纸企业绿色信贷项目信用风险评估的绿色KMV模型研究

分析在造纸企业开展绿色信贷的可行性,然后以造纸企业的绿色信贷项目为研究对象,选取传统的信用风险度量模型——KMV模型,结合造纸企业生产过程中的特点构建绿色评价指标体系对模型中的资产价值进行改进,构建出绿色KMV模型。利用该模型对三家造纸企业的造纸项目面临的绿色信贷信用风险进行度量,针对度量的结果分析三家造纸企业的绿色信贷项目面临的信用风险情况。研究结果表明:商业银行从多角度对借贷企业或项目的绿色信贷信用风险进行评估,能够更准确地判断绿色信贷的信用风险状况,因此,商业银行在度量绿色信贷的信用风险时需要同时考虑企业或者项目的财务指标与非财务指标。     

新型粮食转运用抑尘斗研发及应用

为有效解决粮食在装车过程中的粉尘外溢问题,本文分析了现有抑尘料斗的优缺点,研制了一种新型抑尘料斗,并得到了较好应用,实现了粮食装车发放的绿色生产。