生物质成型燃料产业发展前景分析

生物质成型燃料是一种高效的清洁能源,可以替代化石燃料,缓解人类面临的能源危机和环境困境。文章分析了产业发展的原料资源、成型技术、市场需求、成本-效益及政策支撑等优势。结果表明,在我国发展生物质成型燃料产业是可行的。同时,探讨产业发展面临的各种障碍,提出解决成型机生产技术瓶颈、用户环保意识与产品认知度薄弱、产业政策过于宏观等问题的策略建议。     

生物燃料乙醇发展对中国粮食安全的影响分析——基于“与粮争地”的视角

生物质能源由于其清洁、无污染和可再生而受到青睐,开发利用生物质能源已成为世界能源可持续发展战略的重要组成部分,但是以燃料乙醇为代表的生物质能源的发展引起了关于粮食安全的巨大争议.本文研究表明,从未来一段时期我国农业生产和燃料乙醇产业发展趋势看,以玉米为原料生产燃料乙醇受到土地要素的约束,从而对我国的粮食安全具有一定的影响,且其对车用汽油需求的替代潜力并不大,应从挖掘内部潜力与寻找替代来源等途径解决燃料乙醇发展问题.     

客观认识发展生物质能源危及粮食安全问题

<正>由于世界化石能源被大量消耗、资源日益趋向枯竭,又由于大量消耗化石能源导致环境污染和气候恶化,所以探索新兴的生物能源产业经济具有深远意义。生物能源是利用生物质可再生原料生产的乙醇、丁醇、生物柴油、沼气、电力、成型燃料等     

林木生物质能源产业发展潜力研究——以云南省为例

能源危机和生态环境压力使世界发达国家纷纷转向发展和利用生物质能源,发展生物质能源产业也是我国缓解能源供应压力和解决环境问题的途径之一.从云南林业生物质能源发展的现状分析,指出云南省林木生物质能源发展的巨大潜力,提出了加快云南林木生物质能源产业发展的对策建议.     

广播节目介绍

<正>《秸秆制备生物乙醇技术》化石燃料所造成的环境污染日益严重,且其储量逐渐减少,寻找新的可再生的替代能源已迫在眉睫。乙醇是生物质液体能源物质的主要形式,也是化石燃料最可能的替代品。利用我国广大农村种植的农作物,如玉米、水稻、小麦、高粱等秸秆生产燃料乙醇,不与粮食争地,同时能变废为宝。对于缓解能源危机,减轻环境污染,保护生     

北方山区沼气池的使用与管理及常见故障的排除

目前，我国正面临着巨大的能源与环境压力．矿物能源日益减少．环境污染问题日趋严重。因此开发、利用各种可再生能源，替代化石燃料是解决能源紧缺、生态质量下降的一种有效途径。沼气是可再生能源。它具有较高热值。与其它燃气相比抗爆性能好，是一种很好的清洁燃料。     

林木生物质对温室气体减排的作用机制研究

为了有效控制二氧化碳等温室的吸收和排放,人们将目光从传统的化石能源转向了林木生物质能源。通过分析当前林木生物质能源的资源与技术水平现状,并结合森林固碳和林木资源的替代减排作用,从生命周期分析角度,阐明了林木生物质对二氧化碳等温室气体减排方面的重大作用,林木生物质能源可有效减少温室气体的排放。     

中国生物柴油木本能源植物的调查与研究

1 前言 新世纪将面临能源问题的严峻挑战，开发利用可再生能源是事关国民经济可持续发展、国家安全和社会进步的重大课题。生物质能源是由植物的光合作用固定于地球上的太阳能，通过生物质能转换技术可以高效地利用生物质能源，生产各种清洁燃料，替代煤炭、石油和天然气等矿物燃料，     

金秸杆

油菜、小麦、水稻这些农作物的秸秆过去在中国农村往往被弃之于田或焚烧，而今却成了一些大企业眼中的绿色能源和资源宝库，它们有可能成为替代煤炭、天然气等化石燃料的可再生能源材料。     

关于湖北省木质生物质能源发展的思考

生物质能源具有优良的环保特性,是可再生能源,其利用方式较多,选择一种既能发挥湖北地域特色又充分利用湖北资源的生物质能源利用方式,对发展湖北生物质能源产业至关重要。文章根据湖北省林业资源特色和发展木质生物质能源的优势,分析了其木质生物质能源发展中存在的问题和影响发展的主要因素,并从生物质能源产业市场化运作、资源布局、政策扶持、外部效益补偿等方面提出了相应政策建议。     

Sequester or substitute—Consequences of increased production of wood based energy on the carbon balance in Finland

Forests play an important role in mitigating climate change. Forests can sequester carbon from the atmosphere and provide biomass, which can be used to substitute for fossil fuels or energy-intensive materials. International climate policies favor the use of wood to substitute for fossil fuels rather than using forests as carbon sink. We examine the trade off between sequestering carbon in forests and substituting wood for fossil fuels in Finland. For Finland to meet its EU targets for the use of renewable energy by 2020, a considerable increase in the use of wood for energy is necessary. We compare scenarios in which the wood energy targets are fully or partially met to a reference case where policies favoring wood based energy production are removed. Three models are used to project fossil fuel substitution and changes in forest carbon sinks in the scenarios through 2035.Finnish forests are a growing carbon sink in all scenarios. However, net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will be higher in the medium term if Finland achieves its current wood energy targets than if the use of energy wood stagnates or decreases. The volume of GHG emissions avoided by replacing coal, peat and fossil diesel with wood is outweighed by the loss in carbon sequestered in forests due to increased biomass removals. Therefore, the current wood energy targets seem excessive and harmful to the climate. In particular, biodiesel production has a significant, negative impact on net emissions in the period considered. However, we did not consider risks such as forest fires, wind damage and diseases, which might weaken the sequestration policy. The potential albedo impacts of harvesting the forests were not considered either.     

The impact of sustainable energy production on land use in Britain through to 2050

Historically, land use in Britain has been shaped by the environment's capacity to provide energy as well as food, water and shelter. Over the next decades, energy will again become a major driver in land cover change as we seek to capture the necessary energy to replace fossil fuels, reduce environmental damage and substitute for insecure supplies. Britain was one of the first places to exploit fossil fuels extensively, initially coal, and it has the potential to generate considerable amounts of renewable energy from tides, waves, the wind, biomass and sunlight. The UK Government's policy is to develop a suite of technologies that will provide a resilient supply without compromising its economy or its international commitments to environmental protection.This paper examines the three major terrestrial options for renewable energy and assesses each by successively filtering them for feasibility, achievability and practicality incorporating existing developments, designation and public opinion. Technology and opinion are dynamic, so the outputs need to be viewed as indicative of alternative scenarios rather than as fixed forecasts. Implications for changes in the energy supply infrastructure needed to match the new supply chains are highlighted.The demand for energy depends on the demographic profile (population size, age distribution, lifestyle and expectations) and on economic activity. Here total demand is predicted using the UK Energy Research Centre's Energy 2050 model, which uses linear programming to balance economics and environmental capacity by major demand sectors in five-year time steps. The core model often generates challenging results.     

The Contribution of Bioenergy to a New Energy Paradigm

Biomass is a widely available resource that is receiving increased consideration as a renewable substitute for fossil fuels. Developed sustainably and used efficiently, it can induce growth in developing countries, reduce oil demand, and address environmental problems. The potential benefits include: reduction of greenhouse gases, recuperation of soil productivity and degraded land, economic benefits from adding value to agricultural activities and improving access to and quality of energy services. The production of bioenergy involves a range of technologies, including solid combustion, gasification, and fermentation. These technologies produce energy from a diverse set of biological resources - traditional crops, crop residues, energy-dedicated crops, dung, and the organic component of urban waste. The results are bioenergy products that provide multiple energy services: cooking fuel, heat, electricity and transportation fuels. It is this very diversity that holds the potential of a win-win-win for the environment, social and economic development. Bioenergy has to be viewed not as a replacement for oil, but as an element of a portfolio of renewable sources of energy. Coherent and mutually supportive environmental and economic policies may be needed to encourage the emergence of a globally dispersed bioenergy industry that will pursue a path of sustainable development.     

山西省林业生物质能源发展战略初探

林业生物质能源是可再生的绿色清洁能源,大力开发利用林业生物质能源,对提升可再生能源在我国能源中的比重,优化能源结构,保障能源安全,促进节能减排降耗和新农村建设意义深远。山西省林业生物质能源发展有着丰富的资源、广阔的空间和巨大的潜力。林业生物质能源的研究开发利用,会促进多元化能源发展及生态兴省战略的实施;加快生态文明建设和林业产业发展,实现林业现代化。     

The multiple effects of carbon values on optimal rotation

Non-consumptive benefits which increase with crop age, like keeping carbon sequestered, lengthen optimal rotation compared with rotation for timber alone. High proposed carbon prices may extend rotation indefinitely. Carbon storage in wood products reduces this tendency. Biomass as an energy source displacing fossil fuels favours rotations near those of maximum biomass productivity. Use of sawn timber to displace structural materials with high embodied carbon favours somewhat longer rotations. Effects of rotation on soil carbon, and fossil carbon volatilised in harvesting operations, are further complications. Including all carbon effects results in optimal rotations somewhat longer than those based only on timber value, but shorter than those based on timber plus forest carbon. To include all factors intuitively is not possible: balanced appraisal needs economic calculations.     

FELLOWS ADDRESS California Dreaming: The Economics of Renewable Energy

California was the first jurisdiction to mandate a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. This target was subsequently endorsed by the G8 in 2009 and the European Commission in 2014, and is the guiding principle of the 2015 Paris Agreement. To achieve these targets will require near elimination of fossil fuels and/or a technological breakthrough that might be considered a black swan event. Eschewing nuclear power, countries are relying on renewable energy sources to meet future energy needs. In this paper, I examine the prospects of reducing GHG emissions by 80% by first summarizing extant global energy sources and production, trends, and projections of energy demand, and the potential mix of future energy sources. I consider the role of conservation and then focus on the electricity sector to determine how wind and biomass could contribute to the 80% target. I conclude that these ambitious targets cannot be attained without nuclear power.     

Land reuse in support of renewable energy development

Renewable Portfolio Standards are U.S. state-level policies that encourage renewable energy development to meet a proportion of electricity demand. These policies, along with state and federal incentives and private sector demand, have motivated interest in renewable energy capacity, which is a function of available land. As global climate change has been driven by the combination of fossil fuel combustion and land cover change, renewable energy development is best achieved through sustainable land use practices. One option is to site renewable energy installations on land that has been contaminated or degraded. This analysis looks at the degree to which renewable energy demand created by state renewable portfolio standards in the United States could be met by contaminated or formerly contaminated sites. Results suggest that land resources are more than sufficient to meet current and possibly future RPS-generated demand in three out of four regions.     

国有林区改革对生物质能源发展的影响

在理论层面,国有林区改革引发新能源政策指导思想从以经济效益为主到生态效益与经济效益并重的跨越式发展,加速生物质能源政策的制定与推行;在实践层面,国有林区改革实施的指导意见促进生物质能源政策的具体化与细致化,为生物质能源在财税补贴、能源林种植奖励、生物发电及技术研发等方面的政策制定提供了参考建议,带动了生物质能源相关产业的发展,为改善民生和保护生态提供了强大的助力。