永兴实生荔枝老树更新技术

海南省海口市永兴镇地处琼北火山熔岩台地的羊山地区，年平均气温24．1℃，最热的7月平均气温28．5℃，最冷的1月平均气温17．7℃，年降水量1669．8mm，日照时数2088．3小时。火山熔岩地区地势崎岖，土壤为未完全风化多孔性玄武岩黑色石砾土，有机质含量在1、5％～2．5％，土壤营养成分特殊，是难得的富硒土壤。     

熔岩台地矮曲林土壤溶液吸光度与土壤碳、氮含量的相关性

通过对五大连池新期火山熔岩台地白桦、香杨、山杨3个林型的矮曲林45个样本进行14个波长(250、254、260、265、272、280、285、300、340、350、365、400、436和465 nm)土壤溶液吸光度以及土壤有机碳和全氮含量的测定,旨在探讨土壤溶液吸光度对土壤碳氮指标的指示作用以及不同林型对该作用的...     

关于五大连池风景资源及其开发——漫谈五大连池风景游览区规划

五大连池位于我国北部边陲,黑龙江省德都县城西北二十公里,东经126°00′～126°26′,北纬48°34′～48°48′处。总面积约七百平方公里。五大连池风景资源包括十四座平地拔起的孤立山头——火山锥,五个互相连通的熔岩堰塞湖——(五大连池),和面积达数十平方公里的裸石熔岩台地——石龙。石龙是由近期火山喷发的熔岩流形成的,形成期较晚(距今260年前),原状保存比较完整,火山地貌丰富而且集中,因此有天然火山博物馆之称。     

堰塞湖

堰塞湖是由火山熔岩流、冰碛物或由地震活动等原因引起山崩滑坡体等堵截山谷、河谷或河床后贮水而形成的湖泊。由火山熔岩流堵截而形成的湖泊又称为熔岩堰塞湖。     

响水大米：长在石板上的大米

正本期中国重要农业文化遗产黑龙江省宁安市渤海稻作文化系统是以响水大米为特色的文化系统。遗产地位于黑龙江省宁安市渤海镇响水大米生产区域,主要在宁安市渤海镇、东京城镇、三陵乡、沙兰镇境内。包括渤海镇响水村等18个村,东京城镇红兴村等13个村,三陵乡三陵村等3个村以及渤海镇、沙兰镇镜内的国有土地。总面积约16万亩,其中核心区面积约8.5万亩。火山熔岩台地种植镜泊湖天然水灌溉响水大米,出产于黑龙江省宁安市渤海镇,这里是唐代渤海国上京龙泉府遗址所在地。因牡丹江水从镜泊湖泻出,流过一段约十几公里长的玄武岩台地后,     

海口石山火山群国家地质公园地质旅游资源开发探讨

海口石山火山群国家地质公园是我国热带惟一第四纪火山地质遗迹,其类型多样、熔岩景观丰富、熔岩隧道奇特,具有较强的科考性和观赏性,但目前景区旅游产品以观光、餐饮为主,项目单一,景区收入以门票为主,团体客人贡献率过低,岛外客源市场严重不足.根据火山地质资源的特征及存在的问题,从加强国区规划和市场营销方面,提出海口石山火山群地...     

五大连池火山地貌景观及其开发保护

介绍了五大连池自然保护区火山地貌景观,对火山锥、熔岩流、熔岩洞及湖岸风光等典型景观进行了较详细的描述;由于开发不当,火山景观遭到破坏,甚至造成水土流失、湖岸坍塌、湖水变浅、湖水受到污染威胁;要完善保护规划,健全保护机构,严格保护,适度开发,确保火山景观不被破坏,防治污染,保护环境。     

五大连池天然矿泉水

五大连池位于我省德都县境内,是一座著名的“火山公园”,素有天然的“火山博物馆”之称。十四座火山巍然耸立,五个溪水相通的堰塞湖,镶嵌在多姿的火山脚下,宛如一串晶莹的明珠。给湖光山色尽绘异彩。山水相映,风光秀丽。姿态万千的熔岩地貌,世界罕见的火山喷气锥,典雅别致,景观奇特。天工巧夺,栩栩如生。     

山西省近10年不同地形区植被覆盖度变化研究

基于MODIS数据NDVI月合成数据,借助差值法和像元二分法,对山西省2006年、2010年、2016年的植被覆盖度进行了分析。通过研究得出结论:2006—2016年,山西省生态环境持续改善;山西省不同地形区的生态环境呈现明显差异,丘陵地区植被覆盖度增加的区域面积持续增加,山地地区植被覆盖度增加的区域面积先增后减,盆地与台地地区的植被覆盖度增加的区域面积先减后增;山西省北部各地形区及中南部的太原盆地、运城盆地、阳泉盆地和晋城盆地的植被覆盖度都有明显下降,西部和东南部的丘陵和山地地区植被覆盖度明显增加。     

东北羊草草原土壤资源的综合评价

本文将实际调查与模糊数学相结合．从土壤的理化特性、植被类型和土壤微生物３个方面对东北羊草草原上５种主要的土壤资源进行了较系统的分析和评价．结果表明：黑钙土的肥力状况、植被组成和土壤微生物区系及其活性都处于最佳状态．其它４种土壤与黑钙土的相似次序为：粟钙土＞沼泽土＞风沙土＞盐碱土．并就今后的草原建设和保持草原生态平衡提出了合理的意见。     

试论浙江临海国家地质公园的旅游功能

临海国家地质公园位于浙东沿海,以火山遗迹群保存完好、火山喷发类型多样为主要特征,被称作我国东南沿海白垩纪火山遗迹的典型代表,并被国际地质学界确认为西太平洋火山活动的经典遗存;只有打出国家地质公园的优势品牌,把地质学价值与审美价值统一起来,运用科学的解说词和解说标志,突出地质旅游资源独特性,并与周边旅游资源开发相协调,才能使地质旅游资源更好地开发利用。     

五大连池生物圈保护区景观格局分析

五大连池世界生物圈保护区具有原生、完整的植被生态演替过程,是研究火山植被演替、生物多样性系统发育的理想场所,对其开展景观生态学研究有一定的科学价值。本文通过景观格局指数分析,得到以下结论:(1)旱地是本区域的景观基质,其中位于核心区、缓冲区的旱地需要有计划的退耕还林、还草;(2)自然景观类型中的有林地、高覆盖草地破碎化程度相对较高,需加以保护和恢复;(3)裸岩石质地是本区域的核心资源,其破碎化不明显,其内部、外部连通性较好,仍需继续加强保护;(4)保护区人为干扰强度仍较大,需要继续开展保护、恢复工作。     

Financial comparisons of under‐vine management systems in four South Australian vineyard districts*

Conventional viticultural practice in Australia and elsewhere involves removal of under‐vine vegetation using herbicides or cultivation. Concerns over the long‐term effects of herbicides on soil health, evolution of resistant weeds and possible impacts on human health motivate the search for alternative weed management options. Industry‐supported trials on commercial vineyards in four South Australian regions investigated standard practices of straw mulch and bare earth created with herbicides, compared to under‐vine cover crops, focusing on soil health attributes (soil carbon, soil microbiological processes, etc.) and grape yields in 2016 and 2017. Measured yields with the Control (herbicide) treatment were combined with published district grape prices and yields over the 12‐year (2006–2017) period, defining multivariate distributions of gross revenues ($/ha). Assuming all treatments produce grapes of equal quality and price as the Control, our results showed median per‐hectare gross margins greater than the Control in the Barossa district, lower than Control in Riverland, and mixed results in Langhorne Creek and Eden Valley. Multi‐year risk profiles, based on decadal whole‐farm (50 ha) cash flows for each treatment, were calculated using Monte Carlo analysis, based on historical yield and price distributions. These risk profiles showed the under‐vine treatments may result in major differences in long‐term vineyard financial viability.     

废弃采石场植被恢复问题探讨——以北京市为例

采石场是受人类强烈干扰形成的一种退化的生态系统,对其进行植被恢复的研究成为目前困难立地植被恢复研究的重点与难点。在总结了北京地区采石场特点的基础上,指出植被恢复经验不足、生态环境恶劣、植被恢复技术有待提高等问题是制约北京地区采石场植被恢复的瓶颈,针对这一状况提出了北京地区采石场植被恢复的对策。     

Investment in soil conservation in northern Ethiopia: the role of land tenure security and public programs

A double hurdle statistical analysis of 250 farms in the Tigray region of Ethiopia reveals different causal factors for soil conservation adoption versus intensity of use. Farmers' reasons for adopting soil conservation measures vary sharply between stone terraces and soil bunds. Long‐term investments in stone terraces were associated with secure land tenure, labour availability, proximity to the farmstead and learning opportunities via the existence of local food‐for‐work (FFW) projects. By contrast, short‐term investments in soil bunds were strongly linked to insecure land tenure and the absence of local food‐for‐work projects. Public conservation campaigns on private plots reduced adoption of both stone terraces and soil bunds. Whereas capacity factors largely influenced the adoption decision, expected returns carried more influence for the intensity of stone terrace adoption (measured as metres of terrace per hectare). More stone terracing was built where fertile but erodible silty soils in higher rainfall areas offered valuable yield benefits. Intensity of terracing was also greater in remote villages where limited off‐farm employment opportunities reduced construction costs. These results highlight the importance of the right kind of public interventions. Direct public involvement in constructing soil conservation structures on private lands appears to undermine incentives for private conservation investments. When done on public lands, however, public conservation activities may encourage private soil conservation by example. Secure land tenure rights clearly reinforce private incentives to make long‐term investments in soil conservation.     

Detecting the impact of the “Grain for Green” program on the mean annual vegetation cover in the Shaanxi province, China using SPOT-VGT NDVI data

In order to reduce the soil erosion rate on the Chinese Loess Plateau, the Chinese government launched in 1999 the “Grain for Green” program (GfG). The objective of this program was to increase the forest cover on steep slopes in the landscape by planting trees and sowing grasses on former cropland. The program was a massive investment by the Chinese government. By the end of 2005 the GfG-program was implemented in an area of 87,000 km² in which about 400–600 million trees were planted. At present it is not known to what extent this program was successful. This paper examines the effects of the GfG-program on the mean annual vegetation cover in the Shaanxi province. A decadal time series of SPOT VEGETATION imagery from 1998 till 2005 were used to calculate NDVI-values in four counties with different rainfall regimes. By means of a regression between preceding rainfall and NDVI-values the effects of rainfall variability were filtered out. A trend analysis of the corrected NDVI time series pointed out that the GfG-program resulted in a significant increase of the vegetation cover on farmland in the northern part of Shaanxi province. In the southern part of the province, which has a more humid climate and large areas of irrigation farmland no significant increase of the vegetation cover on farmland could be detected.     

Regional erosion risk mapping for decision support: A case study from West Africa

Effective soil and water management strategies require regional-scale assessment of erosion risk in order to locate prioritized area of intervention. Our study focuses on the Atacora mountain and surrounding areas (covering more than 18% of the total land area of Republic of Benin) which face a serious erosion threat despite their ecological and economic importance. To appraise the level of soil erosion risk of large area, we rely on the Instituto Nacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (ICONA) erosion model and use data from geographic information system (GIS). The erosion risk model requires four main inputs, namely, information on slope, lithofacies, land use and vegetation cover. The slope layer computed from ASTER digital elevation model (DEM) and the lithofacies layer inferred from digital pedogeological map are combined to draw soil erodibility map. To build soil protection map, we use land use/land cover layer extracted from LANDSAT 7 ETM + images in addition to vegetation cover layer derived from MODIS NDVI product. The final erosion risk map (with a resolution of 1 arc second) is obtained by overlapping erodibility and soil protection maps. We find that 21.8%, 58.5%, and 19.5% of the study area presents very low to low, medium, and high to very high level of erosion risk, respectively. Moreover, our findings are aggregated at the district-level (administrative unit). We observe that erosion risk is more acute in Boukoumbe district. Kerou, Kobli and Natitingou districts are mildly affected by erosion risk, while Kouande, Materi, Pehunco, Tanguieta and Toucountouna districts face a low risk. Ultimately, the proposed erosion risk map can help researchers and decision makers design and implement effective soil and water management interventions in the study area.     

城市热环境空间格局及影响因素分析——以大连市金州区为例

近年来,城市化发展进程加快导致热环境发生变化,本文通过单窗算法反演地表温度、随机森林分类法对地物进行划分,结合GIS空间分析,对大连市金州区城市热环境的时空特征进行了研究。得出以下三点结论:(1)中心城区具有明显的热岛效应,地表温度总体上明显高于城市边缘区和郊区;(2)研究区包含5种主要地物类型,即植被、耕地、水体、裸土、建筑土地利用空间分布,其中耕地面积最大,水体面积最小;(3)在城市地表覆盖系统内,不同土地利用类型地表温度具有明显差异,其中建筑密集区、交通发达区与植被的LST最大温差可达10℃。     

汾河灌区农田土壤墒情变化及用水对策分析

利用山西省汾河灌区1993—2002年有代表性测站的土壤墒情实际观测资料，对该灌区主要作物生育期农田土壤墒情的时空变化规律进行分析；简述汾河灌区在农业供水方面存在的主要问题，通过对汾河灌区水资源供需平衡分析及供水市场的分析预测，提出灌区今后的用水对策。