农民的文化生活：兴衰与重建——以安徽省为例

改革开放以来,农民拥有的私性文化资源日益丰富,农民的私性文化活动逐渐增多,在一定程度上丰富了农民个体式的日常文化生活。与之相比较,农民的公共文化生活却严重式微,特别是一些健康、文明的公共文化形式更是走向衰微。因此,新农村文化建设的主旨,是重建文明健康的农民公共文化生活。重建文明健康的农民公共文化生活,不但可以满足农民日益增长的文化生活需求,积极培育农民之间的新集体主义意识和互助合作精神,增强农村社区内聚力,而且有助于国家对农村社会进行新一轮整合,实现对农村社会的有效治理。     

河北省公共文化服务体系构建研究

公共文化服务体系是建设中国特色社会主义先进文化的重要内容和重要载体。目前,河北省公共文化服务体系框架已经基本形成,广大群众的精神文化生活进一步得到满足,文化幸福指数显著提高。     

政府在农村公共产品供给中行为缺失与对策研究

农村公共产品与广大农民的生产和生活密切相关,特别是随着农村经济的发展和农民生活水平的不断提高,农民对公共产品的需求越来越高,而供给却严重不足。农村公共产品的供给稀缺,已成为制约社会主义新农村建设和农村和谐社会建设的一大障碍。政府作为农村公共产品供给的主体,其行为缺失,是造成供需失衡的主要原因。本文着重分析了政府在农村公共产品供给中的行为缺失,提出了规范政府行为的政策建议。     

农村社会公共文化生活的衰落与重建研究

改革开放后,农村经济有了一定发展,农民物质文化生活大幅度提高,而思想文化建设却相对滞后,尤为农村公共文化更显贫乏,农村公共文化供给资金不足、人才缺乏、政府片面政绩观和评价机制的不健全,导致了我国农村公共文化的衰微.所以必须完善农村公共文化服务的法律保障、增加产品供给、加大资金投入和人才培养、实行绩效考核,培育农村文化的内生机制,推进农村的公共文化建设.     

现实与预期:农村家庭养老弱化的实证分析

本文采用现实与预期的差异测量农村家庭养老弱化程度,利用新疆13个地(州、市)726位农民的调查数据,分析了农村家庭养老弱化的现状及其影响因素。研究结果表明:农村家庭养老已经全面弱化,其中,经济支持弱化了25.0%,生活照料弱化了5.6%,精神慰藉弱化了30.7%。子女数减少弱化了精神慰藉功能,家庭规模缩小弱化了经济支持功能;农村社会养老保险不是弱化而是促进了生活照料和精神慰藉的实现;外出务工弱化了经济支持,促进了精神慰籍的实现。健康状况越差的农民,经济支持和生活照料弱化的概率越小;文化程度越高的农民,经济支持和生活照料弱化的概率越大;家庭存款的增多,弱化了经济支持,促进了生活照料的实现。年龄越大的农民,生活照料和精神慰藉弱化的概率越大,已婚农民经济支持和精神慰藉弱化的概率较小。     

乡村振兴视域下农村公共文化服务体系建设的路径选择

乡村振兴战略的落实为我国农村公共文化服务体系建设营造了良好的外部环境,各级地方政府应高度重视农村公共文化建设,抓住乡村振兴战略实施进程中各项政策的契机,不断完善农村公共文化服务体系,为广大农村居民提供更为多元化的公共服务,丰富广大农民的业余文化生活。反之,通过农村文化公共服务体系建设,也能够为农村经济社会发展提供智力支撑,为乡村振兴战略落实提供发展动力。     

新农村公共文化服务体系建设及其基本思路

本文认为,加强新农村公共文化服务体系建设,是繁荣社会主义新农村文化、构建社会主义和谐新农村的必然要求,是实现好、维护好、发展好农民群众基本文化权益的主要途径。因此,构建一个结构合理、发展平衡、网络健全、运营高效、服务优质的覆盖全社会的农村公共文化服务体系,就需要对农村公共文化服务设施、服务机制、服务方式、服务机构、队伍建设以及公益性文化单位的数量、布局和种类进行统筹规划和系统建设。     

公共文化多维绩效审计评价体系构建探究——以河北省为例

河北省作为京津冀一体化经济发展中的先锋,为打造文化强省的战略构想,公共文化建设飞速发展。与此同时也存在公共文化投入资金不透明、绩效审计缺失、公共文化的绩效评价机制不完善等问题,这都迫切需要建立和健全公共文化绩效审计评价机制。因而,探讨如何构建公共文化多维绩效审计评价体系就显得十分必要,以期提升区域竞争力。     

城乡一体化中农民文化权益保障问题探析

近几年来,党和国家日益重视农民文化权益,农村文化设施得到了较大改善,农民文化生活水平得到了较大提升.本文通过对成渝地区的调查发现,当前农民文化生活仍然十分贫乏,农村文化设施落后且利用率低,农村公共文化服务不能满足农民需要,腐朽落后的文化威胁着农村社会的和谐与稳定,农民对文化生活的满意度不高.而政府在思想上不够重视农民文化权益保障、对农村文化建设的投入不足、农村文化体制不健全、缺乏高素质的农村文化建设队伍、农民科学文化素质低是农民文化权益保障缺失的主要原因.因此,在城乡一体化中,应当充分发挥政府、文化部门及社会力量的作用,在资金、设施、组织、人才、制度等方面给予全方位的保障,构建一套农民文化权益保障体系,充分有效地保障农民文化权益的实现.     

转型期乡村文化振兴的依托基础、现实困境及重构路径

乡村文化是民族的文化根基和中华文化的原点,也是乡村振兴的灵魂。多元的生态环境、小农户家庭经营、熟人社会的道德秩序和地方治理规则等共同构成乡村文化的基础体系。随着现代性因素的进入,传统的乡村社会图景发生改变,出现了传统伦理规范弱化、农民精神文化主体性缺乏、乡村公共文化空间式微、乡村文化建设适应性不够等问题。需要重构乡村文化振兴的理念,引导文化建设融入日常生活,构筑乡村文化振兴的产业基础,培育乡村文化振兴的本土人才队伍,以文化振兴引导乡村的全面振兴。     

Public Action, Agrarian Change and the Standard of Living of Agricultural Workers: A Study of a Village in Kerala

This article describes and analyses the ways in which public action in the State of Kerala in India helped to transform the standard of living of hired workers in agriculture. Specifically, the article analyses the extent of land and asset ownership, access to credit, access to social security schemes and food distribution systems and the conditions of housing and sanitation of households participating in agricultural wage work. The article is based as a case study of Morazha desam in the Malabar region of Kerala, which had one of the most oppressive agrarian systems in India before 1956–57. In 1955, another economist had studied Morazha desam; this study was conducted before one of the most important interventions through public action – land reform – took place in Malabar. The 1955 study had characterized the conditions of life of agricultural workers as 'wretched in the extreme'. The present article documents the significant transformation in the quality of life that took place in Morazha after 1955, through a weakening of the factors that led to 'wretched' conditions of life in the earlier period. The destruction of traditional agrarian power by the state through land reform was the most critical step in this process.     

The changing landscape of Indian agriculture

In tracking the revolutionary changes in the Indian agricultural sector, it is quite clear that technology, institutions, and markets have had a very important role to play. Of course, the public sector played a pivotal and catalytic role when India ushered in the Green Revolution in late 1960s and early 1970s. The public sector imported new seeds, organized their distribution and demonstration, and provided price and market support, all “not‐for‐profit.” The cooperative sector, supported and facilitated by the government, again with the spirit of “not‐for‐profit,” helped bring in the White Revolution in milk through Operation Flood in 1970s and 1980s. This spirit is now being gradually replaced by “for‐profit” objective driven by the private sector, as is demonstrated in the revolutionary changes brought about by the introduction of Bacillus thuringiensis technology in the cotton sector during 2002–2007. On top of this, the corporate sector is also changing the complexion of the Indian agrisystem through notable changes in organized food processing and retailing. This change in spirit from “not‐for‐profit” to “for‐profit” in the growth process of Indian agriculture has significant implications for the concept of CISS, i.e., competitiveness, inclusiveness, sustainability, and scalability, which needs to be studied carefully and in detail. Accordingly, this article traces some of these dynamic changes and their likely implications.     

甘肃中部地区农村劳动力转移的问题及对策

甘肃中部地区在农村劳动力转移过程中出现了从未有过的"五化"(整体人口低能化、劳动者队伍的老龄化、村庄凋敝化、公共管理弱化、男性鳏夫化)现象。通过对该现象进行深入分析,有针对性地提出了大力提高农村人口素质,创新农地产权制度,大力发展民营企业,着力推进农村就业公共服务体系建设,有序、较快推进农村城镇化等对策建议。     

农地非农化有效实现的法律保障机制

农地是人类共有的稀缺资源,具有私人物品和公共物品的双重特性.农地非农化属于产权保护的问题,由此而产生的产权关系是对农地非农化现实法律关系的直接反映.农地非农化的法律关系可以分为两类:一类是基于权利自由交换的民事权利法律保护关系;另一类是基于政府管制的行政权利法律关系.我国宪法的立法精神强化了农地产权的公有性质,农地非农化的法律关系反映了执政党和政府公权的利益需要和目标,在实际的农地非农化过程中,政府采用市场之外的力量来限制、阻碍农地自由价格机制的形成,地方政府成为农地非农化的唯一需求者和唯一供给者.如何使农地非农化过程反映市场的价值规律并有效实现其最优法律价值目标,是所要研究的重点.     

村庄治理现代化进程中农民自组织公共参与逻辑与进路——基于3个典型案例的研究

本文选取3个农民自组织作为研究案例,这3个农民自组织分属于治理现代化处于不同阶段的3个村庄,具体分析其农民自组织公共参与的现实逻辑。基于理论逻辑与现实逻辑的分析指出,农民自组织公共参与逻辑沿着组织及其成员经济利益最大化、村庄治理权力和治理地位的获取、组织公共精神培育及村庄公共价值实现的路径推进。村庄应基于农民自组织公共参与逻辑及进路,采取选择性激励方法,激励农民自组织公共参与,推进村庄治理现代化。     

External effects of neighbourhood parks and landscape elements on high-rise residential value

Neighbourhood parks provide recreation opportunities and amenity to nearby residents and improve the quality of the environment and life. Their provision and protection could be facilitated by a deeper understanding of their multiple values. The hedonic pricing method, using statistical techniques to estimate the part of a price due to a particular attribute of a commodity, assessed the external effects of neighbourhood parks on the transaction price of high-rise private residential units in Hong Kong. The empirical results derived from 1471 transactions in a district indicated that neighbourhood parks could lift price by 16.88%, including 14.93% for availability and 1.95% for view. Comparing with other landscape elements, neighbourhood parks induced the heaviest investment intention in home-buying behaviour. Harbour view attracted a premium of 5.1%, but mountain view was surprisingly not welcomed. Street view, considered as unappealing, suppressed price. Residents were insensitive to building landscape due to its ubiquity in the compact city. The scarcity of neighbourhood parks in the city has pushed their hedonic value to an exceptionally high level, providing guidance to revamp the policies, planning and management of urban greenspaces in tandem with the sustainable city quest.     

野生动物及其制品非法贸易治理策略研究

运用滚雪球方法系统地梳理野生动物非法贸易及犯罪研究领域的相关文献资料,全面地分析野生动物的法律概念界定窄且不确定、“保护”与“利用”初衷存在偏离、协同监管体制不完善等治理困境,得到野生动物及其制品非法贸易治理遵循生物多样性规律、完善整体性保护的思路、创新非法贸易的治理举措三大治理需求,提出从重塑立法理念、科学界定野生动物概念、完善野生动物及其制品非法贸易治理体制、优化执法队伍建设体制等治理野生动物及其制品非法贸易的建议。     

论高等美术教育中人文精神的渗透

人文精神在美术教育中的传达与渗透,应上升到关注人类存在的普遍价值,追寻生命与理想的层次。探讨如何在精神层面上重建对受教育者进行心灵启迪的机制,从而推导出美术教育中所要培养的人文精神,乃是一种真正把握真、善、美完整内涵的美育价值观。     

加快推进我国农业绿色发展全过程转型对策与措施——深入学习领会党的二十大精神

目的 党的二十大提出要加快建设农业强国、美丽中国,对推进农业绿色发展提出了新的更高的要求。通过分析农业绿色发展理论内涵、思路路径及工作重点,为新时期推进农业绿色发展提供理论支撑。方法 文章利用自然观、系统观、发展观等哲学方法,分析农业绿色发展理论逻辑,提出农业绿色发展思路路径;利用公开报道数据,从水土资源保育、产地环境清洁、粮食和重要农产品供给、农业集约节约发展等方面,分析我国农业绿色发展成效及存在问题。结果 系统提出全面改善农业资源环境,不断增加绿色农产品供给,加快打造绿色低碳产业链,健全完善支撑保障体系。系统开展绿色发展试验示范,推动树立绿色消费观等农业绿色发展重点任务。结论 新时期推进农业绿色发展,要以党的二十大精神为指引,推进农业发展全过程绿色转型,为推动农业高质量发展、建设农业强国提供有力支撑。     

The history and development of agricultural and horticultural co‐operatives in East Anglia

This paper argues for a shift of emphasis from larger outlays on two major anti-poverty schemes - the rural public works (RPW) and integrated rural development (IRDP) programmes - to improvements in their design and implementation. Enhanced outlays do not matter much, as they tend to be mistargeted. More specifically, based on National Sample Survey data for 1987-88, neither RPW nor IRDP covered a large segment of the rural poor, while among their beneficiaries the shares of the (relatively) well-off were not negligible. However, the RPW was more effective in excluding the non-poor rather than attracting the poor. There has been a progressive weakening of targeting in both schemes as leakages to the non-poor rose. More of the poor are likely to benefit from RPW if the wage rate is lowered (relative to the agricultural wage), if a combination of piece and time rates is used and if wages in kind are discontinued. On the other hand, in the context of IRDP, there is a need to eliminate the interest subsidy, place greater emphasis on the reduction of transaction costs and to vest rights of land in women. Given the key role of the Village Panchayat in poverty alleviation, it is imperative that it is accountable to the village community. But above all, benefits to the poor from anti-poverty programmes depend ultimately on whether they have the collective strength to affirm their interests.