中国木浆造纸产业国际竞争力评价与发展对策研究

分析了中国木浆造纸产业国际竞争力发展条件以及进出口贸易基本现状,以产品国际贸易竞争指数、产品平均贸易价格、产业和企业平均利润率水平为指标体系,定量评价中国制浆造纸行业连续11年的国际贸易竞争能力及变化趋势。研究认为,中国木浆造纸业产品国际贸易竞争能力较弱。在评价基础上,从体制、技术、管理等方面,提出了发展中国木浆造纸产业国际竞争力的对策建议。     

中国苹果产业国际竞争力分析

本文在分析我国近几年苹果进出口情况的基础上,通过对我国苹果产业与世界其他国家苹果产业的国际市场占有率和国际贸易指数以及生产成本、出口价格等方面的比较,得出我国苹果产业的在国际市场中虽具有竞争潜力和一定的优势,但是国际竞争力情况并不容乐观。在分析了影响我国苹果产业国际竞争力因素的基础上,提出了今后促进我国苹果产业国际竞争力提高的对策措施。     

中国肉鸡产业国际竞争力的分析

本文在总结中国肉鸡产业在国际贸易中的特点的基础上,通过评价产品国际竞争力的统计指标体系研究了中国肉鸡产业的国际竞争力及影响中国肉鸡产业竞争力的主要因素,并建立计量经济模型进行了相关的实证分析。本文认为,中国鸡肉在国际竞争中处于相对劣势,产品出口受国内生产供给、人民币汇率变化以及加入世贸组织后发生的一系列问题的显著影响。     

中国对虾产业发展现状及国际竞争力提升对策

2010年中国对虾总产量持续位居世界之首,然而出口量和出口金额均小于同期的泰国;同时,出口单价也低于同期的越南,中国对虾生产与贸易面临着来自泰国、越南和印度尼西亚等国强有力的竞争。本项研究通过对我国对虾产业发展现状的考证,最后提出应建立对虾产业整合协调机制,提升对虾产业组织化水平,是提升中国对虾产业国际竞争力的有效手段。     

论比较优势与我国的木材产业国际化

依据国际贸易中的比较优势理论,分析了我国木材产品比较优势以及木材产业现状,提出中国加入 WTO 以后提高木材产业国际竞争力的措施。     

中国胶合板国际竞争力比较分析

在分析国内胶合板产业的生产和贸易现状基础上,借鉴前人研究,运用统计方法进行指标剔除和筛选,构建较为合理的指标体系,并运用统计确权的综合评价方法、主成分分析的综合评价方法以及灰色关联分析,在此理论基础上运用综合评价方法对世界主要胶合板生产和贸易国家进行国际竞争力研究,了解各国胶合板国际竞争力及其优势和不足,为我国胶合板产业提供可借鉴的经验和方法。     

中国松香进出口贸易中技术的作用

介绍了发展中国家的概念模型和钻石模型,运用此理论分析了中国松香产业贸易效率与技术发展的关系,以及中国松香产业的竞争力,分析中国松香贸易中技术要素中的技术能力与国际贸易中的国际竞争力之间的关系,从而为中国松香产业的技术和贸易发展提供政策依据,以引导松香产业的规模经济和国际竞争力。     

我国食用豆国际贸易形势、国际竞争力优势研究

本文根据1992—2011年时间序列数据,剖析了我国食用豆国际贸易的走势,利用显性比较优势指数与贸易竞争力指数,分析了20年来我国食用豆国际贸易竞争力的变化情况。研究表明,我国食用豆贸易目前还保持着净出口的格局,但是国际竞争力优势在弱化;短期内我国食用豆还将以其独特的品质优势占领国内外市场,但是出口商的价格风险在增加。为确保我国食用豆的国际竞争力必须制定和采取主动、积极、扩张性的食用豆产业发展战略,构建食用豆现代产业体系,完善食用豆产业政策。     

中国生猪产业国际竞争力评价研究基于贸易与产业发展视角的比较分析

目的 中国是世界上最大的生猪生产国和消费国,科学评价中国生猪产业国际竞争力水平,对于提高生猪产业国际竞争力水平,促进生猪产业可持续发展,具有重要的理论和现实意义。方法 文章基于产业发展视角构建了包含资源禀赋竞争力、生产竞争力、消费竞争力和贸易竞争力4个一级指标及13个相关二级指标的生猪产业国际综合竞争力评价指标体系,利用1995—2018年生猪产业相关数据,对中国、美国、德国、巴西、西班牙、俄罗斯等生产、消费和贸易大国生猪产业国际综合竞争力进行评价,并与传统的基于贸易视角的竞争力评价结果进行对比分析。结果 研究发现,基于贸易视角与产业发展视角的测算结果存在一定差距。基于贸易视角的测算结果显示,中国生猪产业缺乏竞争力,且竞争力仍在持续减弱。基于产业发展视角的测算结果显示,中国生猪产业具有一定竞争优势。其中,中国猪肉消费竞争力极强,显著拉升了中国生猪产业国际综合竞争力水平;生产竞争力和资源禀赋竞争力也具有一定优势;贸易竞争力处于劣势地位,明显拉低了中国生猪产业国际综合竞争力水平。结论 建议中国生猪产业充分发挥巨大的内需优势,提升生猪产业国际竞争水平,实现生猪产业高质量发展。进一步提高中国生猪种业创新能力,保障优良种猪供给;提高生猪生产技术效率与经济效率,提升生猪养殖场组织化、标准化、规模化水平;稳定生猪生产饲料供给;建立生猪产业风险防范机制。     

产业国际竞争力:经济分析范式及评价

本文从产业国际竞争力的概念出发,归结了当前理论界对产业的界定以及在产业层次上的国际竞争力概念,继而对产业国际竞争力的经济分析范式和评价进行综述,概括了理论界中较为认可的几种分析范式和评价指标体系。     

Role of international politics on agri‐food trade: Evidence from US–Canada bilateral relations

A well‐functioning trade relationship between Canada and the United States is crucial to the economic vitality of the Canadian agri‐food industry. However, agri‐food trade is more susceptible than other sectors to political interventions. The Trump presidency has strained Canada–US relations and his trade policy actions have significantly increased trade restrictions and trade policy uncertainty and undermined the rules‐based global trading system. We examine the pattern of agri‐food trade between the two countries and find that the upward trajectory of bilateral agri‐food trade ended in 2013. Although this flatlining predates the Trump administration, we show that Trump increased trade policy uncertainty starting in 2017 and likely impacted further expansion of trade. We examine what might change under the Biden presidency and argue that the new administration is likely to restore strong relationships with allies and work to rebuild important international institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Although protectionist forces will continue to impact bilateral agri‐food trade, we expect closer political ties between a Biden administration and the Canadian Prime Minister. This should have a positive effect on the Canadian agri‐food industry by reducing trade uncertainties, thereby increasing agri‐food trade between Canada and the United States.     

风险分析体系在食品安全管理中的应用效果

全球经济一体化发展程度的加深使食品国际贸易得到了迅速发展,传统饮食上的地域限制逐渐被打破,在此发展背景下,影响食品行业的不安全因素也在不断增多.近年来,随着物质生活水平的不断提升,人们对食品安全的关注程度也在不断加深,在确保公平贸易、促进经济平稳高速发展的同时,做到有效规避风险、确保公众健康安全,是对食品安全的基本要求...     

Country‐Specific Determinants of Horizontal and Vertical Intra‐industry Agri‐food Trade: The Case of the EU New Member States

Intra‐industry trade (IIT) has become a widespread phenomenon with a growing role in international trade, though agricultural trade is usually neglected in empirical works. This article identifies the determinants of horizontal and vertical intra‐industry agri‐food trade between New Member States (NMS) and the EU‐27 in 1999–2010, by applying static and dynamic models with different specifications to panel data. Results show that IIT is mainly of a vertical nature in the NMS, though the majority of NMS export low quality agri‐food products to EU‐27 markets. Factor endowments are negatively related to agri‐food horizontal intra‐industry trade (HIIT), but positively to vertical intra‐industry trade (VIIT). Economic size is positively and significantly related to both types of IIT, while distance and IIT are found to be negatively related in both cases. Results also suggest that HIIT and VIIT are greater if a New Member State exports agri‐food products to another NMS while EU accession has had positive and significant impacts on both HIIT and VIIT, suggesting that economic integration fosters IIT.     

Issues Affecting the U.S. Poultry Industry and International Poultry Trade

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine issues and concerns that may affect the future direction of the U.S. poultry industry and international poultry trade. Given the economic contribution of the poultry industry, it is important to have some understanding about the future direction of the industry, both at the national and international levels. To generate the information required, this study surveyed the top poultry producers in the country as well as specialists and experts in the industry. Although both the producers and specialists believe that the industry has a bright future, they also think that the rapid production growth experienced by the poultry industry in the past two decades cannot be sustained. Growth restrictions in the industry will come from a variety of sources such as environmental waste management, food safety, labor shortages, animal welfare, and increased foreign competition.     

中国纸制品产业的国际竞争力实证研究--基于主要贸易出口国的国际竞争力比较

以国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势指数及贸易竞争力指数三项指标分析纸制品产业的八大主要出口国国际竞争力情况,再运用熵权法对2000-2011年以来八大出口国纸制品产业国际竞争力进行定量测度,综合评价了中国纸制品产业国际竞争力的变化趋势和强度。研究结果表明,2000-2011年中国纸制品产业的国际竞争优势逐渐凸显,竞争力显著增强,2011年已赶超传统造纸强国加拿大、德国和美国等出口大国;后危机时代,中国纸制品产业的国际竞争力仍处于快速增长阶段。     

Agricultural price distortions: trends and volatility,past, and prospective

Historically, earnings from farming in many developing countries have been depressed by a pro‐urban bias in own‐country policies, as well as by governments of richer countries favoring their farmers with import barriers and subsidies. Both sets of policies reduced global economic welfare and agricultural trade, and added to global inequality and poverty. Over the past three decades, much progress has been made in reducing agricultural protection in high‐income countries and agricultural disincentives in developing countries. However, plenty of price distortions remain. As well, the propensity of governments to insulate their domestic food market from fluctuations in international prices has not waned. Such insulation contributes to the amplification of international food price fluctuations, yet it does little to advance national food security when food‐importing and food‐exporting countries equally engage in insulating behavior. Thus there is still much scope to improve global economic welfare via multilateral agreement not only to remove remaining trade distortions but also to desist from varying trade barriers when international food prices gyrate. This article summarizes indicators of trends and fluctuations in farm trade barriers before examining unilateral or multilateral trade arrangements, together with complementary domestic measures, that could lead to better global food security outcomes.     

美国WTO技术性贸易措施及对我国林业的启示

深入开展林业技术性贸易措施工作,是我国林业全面参与国际竞争、加快林业产业转型升级、协调促进我国生态建设的重要途径。介绍了美国WTO技术性贸易措施体系建设,并提出了今后我国林业开展技术性贸易措施工作重点:强化林业风险分析工作;切实提高林业标准化研究和制定工作水平;大力推进信息化建设;加强对国际先进模式的学习等。     

The effects of China's growth on the food prices and the food exports of other developing countries

This article explores the impacts of China's growth in the international markets of agricultural products along two dimensions: food price inflation and export growth in other developing countries. China's food imports of vegetable oils have grown dramatically over the last decade, linking China's economic growth to the recent increases in global food prices. If China is a source of global food price inflation, exporting countries will benefit whether they sell directly to China or not. These direct and indirect linkages are explored using a short‐run, partial‐equilibrium model of international trade in agricultural products in which consumer prices and trade costs are derived from bilateral trade flows. China's effects on food prices and exports are estimated by reducing Chinese food expenditures in 2007 by half, roughly China's level of expenditures in 1995. Results indicate that food prices as measured by CES price indexes in developing Asia, Africa, and Latin America would have been reduced by 1.27%, 0.32%, and 0.22%, respectively. China has been an important source of growth for exporters selling directly to China. There is no evidence of export growth due to an overall increase in food prices caused by China's growth.     

关于加快推进现代渔业建设的思考

渔业是保障国家食物安全的重要产业,是国家生态文明建设的重要方面,是维护我国海洋权益的基础产业,是我国农业和农村经济的重要组成部分。当前建设现代渔业与转变渔业发展方式具有高度的内在统一性,加快推进现代渔业建设,就是要加快推进渔业发展方式转变,使传统渔业加快向现代渔业转变,要更加注重资源节约、环境友好,更加注重水产品质量安全,更加注重科技创新和推广应用,更加注重国际竞争力的提高,更加注重产业发展的安全保障,更加注重渔业的多功能性拓展,更加注重渔民民生问题。加快推进现代渔业建设是"十二五"及今后一段时期我国渔业发展的战略任务,要科学制定发展规划,加强渔业法制保障,加大投入,夯实渔业发展基础。