农业自然灾害风险对粮食综合生产能力的影响分析

粮食综合生产能力受耕地保护能力、政策保障能力和自然灾害抵御能力等因素的影响。本文通过描述性统计和相关分析等方法,着重讨论了农业自然灾害风险对粮食综合生产能力、粮食安全的影响,以及自然灾害抵御能力对粮食生产能力培育、降低粮食不安全性的作用。认为加强农田水利建设提高抵御自然灾害风险的能力是提高粮食综合生产能力的重要策略。     

有效利用耕地 推进粮食综合生产能力稳定提高

文章从确保未来广西粮食安全角度,分析了粮食生产现状和粮食购销市场化后,广西粮食总量供求平衡的有效途径.提出充分利用热带和亚热带气候优势,提高复种指数,有效利用粮食耕地,提高粮食综合生产能力,调动和保护农民种粮积极性,提高农民种粮的组织化程度等确保粮食安全的对策措施.     

广西粮食生产能力分析预测及对策

采用数学模型方法，对广西近期粮食生产能力进行分析和预测；结合广西实际情况对实现粮食产量预测所需耕地数量、播种面积单产、复种指数和粮经比例等条件进行分析选择；提出合理利用保护耕地资源、加强粮源基地建设、大力推进粮食产业化经营、提高防灾减灾能力、构建科学合理的粮食产业扶持政策和长效机制等保障粮食生产能力的对策措施。     

我国粮食综合生产能力影响因素分析

提高粮食综合生产能力，是确保我国粮食安全的一条主要途径。而准确把握我国粮食综合生产能力的影响因素及影响程度又是制定提高我国粮食综合生产能力措施的一个重要基础。本文将建立柯布一道格拉斯生产函数，依据各个影响因素的生产弹性和贡献率来分析我国粮食综合生产能力的影响因素和影响程度，最后得出结论及政策含义。     

尤溪县粮食综合生产能力分析与发展对策

该文从现实粮食生产能力和潜在粮食生产能力两个方面分析阐述了尤溪县粮食综合生产能力的主要特点，并依据制约尤溪县粮食综合生产能力的问题，提出了稳定粮食面积、控制人口增长、改善土壤结构、增加投入等提高粮食综合生产能力的对策与措施。     

关于提高粮食综合生产能力的思考

本文在分析粮食综合生产能力的内涵的基础上，认为粮食综合生产能力是粮食安全的基础，强调要正确估计我国粮食生产面临的制约因素，进而提出了提高我国粮食综合生产能力的重要措施。     

中国粮食综合生产能力实证分析(1978～2004)

粮食是一种具有战略意义的特殊商品,是国家安全战略的重要组成部分。本文首先对我国粮食综合生产能力的历史变化特征进行了分析,接着运用Cobb-Douglas生产函数对粮食综合生产能力的影响因素及各因素影响大小进行了分析,据此指出当前存在的主要问题,最后提出保护和提高我国粮食综合生产能力的对策。     

农业资源利用与粮食综合生产能力的灰色关联分析——以河北省为例

文章首先对河北省农业资源利用现状进行了分析(主要包括自然资源、经济资源和社会资源),其次对河北省粮食综合生产能力进行了现状分析,在此基础上确定了影响河北省粮食综合生产能力的3类因素10个指标,同时选取2004~2014年上述10个指标的统计数据,运用灰色关联分析法进行分析得出的结论是:农业机械总动力、农用塑料薄膜使用量、农药使用量与粮食总产量高度相关,对提升粮食综合生产能力影响大;其它影响因素按照关联度由大到小排列为:农用化肥施用折纯量、农业从业人员、农村用电量、人均耕地面积、粮食播种面积、农林牧渔业总产值、水土流失治理面积它们都与粮食产量中度相关,对提升粮食综合生产能力影响较大。最后提出充分利用农业经济资源是促进粮食稳产增产的首要途径、充分利用社会资源是促进粮食稳产高产的重要途径、保护耕地资源是基础等对策。     

重庆市粮食综合生产能力及保护机制研究

保持粮食综合生产能力对于保证重庆粮食生产具有重大意义。文章从耕地保护、农业基础设施建设、农业技术推广、农民积极性、农业减灾等方面分析了重庆市粮食综合生产能力保护现状,对保护粮食综合生产能力的政策措施进行了评价,最后提出建立和完善粮食综合生产能力的保护机制。     

守住“两条红线”稳固“一个核心”保障粮食安全——重庆市粮食生产发展调研报告

重庆市直辖以来，粮食单产水平稳步提高，粮食综合产出水平相对稳定。针对近年来新的需求，重庆市采取了一系列措施发展粮食生产，如加强耕地保护，实施科技兴粮，建立高产示范区，培育种粮大户，加强基础设施建设，完善支农政策等。未来重庆市要保障粮食安全、提高粮食综合生产能力，应从当地实际和今后发展要求出发，守住“两条红线”、稳固“一个核心”，继续强化粮食支持和保护政策，提升耕地质量。     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

转变地质工作发展与服务方式的实践和建议

天津市地矿局注重加快转变经济发展方式，发挥地质工作优势，推进低碳清洁能源的开发利用创新和技术进步，紧紧依托地质工作的人才、技术和行业优势，加大清洁环保资源的勘查、研究、开发、利用。针对天津市水资源缺乏的情况，积极加强后备和应紧水源勘查。按照“两种资源，两个市场”的思路，通过实施中外合作勘查项目，以境外勘查工作为载体和平台，实施引进来和走出去战略，为天津市经济社会发展提供地质技术支撑。     

Trust-A monolithic panacea in land use planning?

Although trust research has been extensive and substantial, the constitution and actual merits of trust in land use planning remain nebulous. What do participants of a local land use planning process actually mean when they say they trust the planning committee? How important is participants’ trust in the planning committee in shaping their perceptions of the planning process and their cooperation in it? To explore the everyday meaning of trust in the specific context of local land use planning, semi-structured interviews with the participants of a local planning project in Switzerland were conducted (n = 9). Based on these results, the constitution and the relevance of trust in the responsible planning committee among a wider circle of participants were assessed (n = 66). The results show that participants trust the planning committee if they perceive its members as competent, honest, open, fair, reliable, reciprocating, respectful and committed. Interestingly, a considerable part of trust in the planning committee hinges explicitly on whether the committee incorporates the personal interests of the participant. Trust is indeed vital to participants’ belief that a meaningful discussion and cooperation with the members of the planning committee is possible. However, trust is neither a guarantee for people's approval of planning decisions nor for their cooperation. One implication of the findings is that in order to evaluate trust-building practice comprehensively, it is necessary to first understand the specific everyday meaning of trust for ‘real people’ in real planning processes.     

Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices

Since the late 1980s, markets involving agricultural land have emerged in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. One major reason is that collective farms, previously a central feature of the country's political economy, ended. And a major reason for that was villagers' everyday politics gnawed the underpinnings of the collectives until they collapsed. Rural households, for the most part, wanted to farm separately. Today they do. Land is not privatized, however. Farming households have land use rights, not ownership. This tempers markets, as do other conditions arising from contending schools of thought in Vietnam about how land should be used, distributed and regulated.     

Conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania: the case of the Mwangaza B CA farmer field school (FFS), Rhotia Village,Karatu District,Arusha

This project was initiated to promote conservation agriculture (CA) in Tanzania so as to improve the food security and rural livelihood of small- and medium-scale farmers through the scaling-up of CA as a sustainable land management (SLM) tool as well as increasing the numbers of SLM-CA farmer field schools (FFS) in communities. The project had two phases from 2004 to 2010. It was funded by a Government of Germany trust fund and implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Agriculture in Tanzania. The project pilot districts include Arumeru (Arusha and Meru Councils), Karatu, Babati, Hanang and Moshi districts. CA has been shown to offer positive elements that could contribute to fighting hunger and poverty.     

Towards an Integration of R & D and Marketing in Production Development

Abstract

In this paper, two approaches which are characteristic for Research & Development and Marketing departments are compared. First, R&D versus Marketing orientations are explained, then the major differences between them are presented. The integration of both approaches may improve competitive advantage of the food industry. Factors stimulating such integration are presented on the basis of data from real business circumstances. Innovation is regarded as a major source of competitive advantage of company. Therefore, integration in sensory methodology, that is commonly but differently used by R & D and Marketing departments, may contribute to the improvement of innovation practices and successful business performance. Finally, the role of consumer tests, oriented for marketing and product development, is illustrated.     

Successful Practices in California Wine Exporting

Abstract

California is one of the world's largest wine producers, yet it has exported only a small portion of its products. Many US wineries want to pursue opportunities in foreign markets but only a few are actually doing this successfully. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the successful practices of 12 California wineries that have achieved their financial targets and other export goals. A qualitative research design of in-depth interviews was employed. Results indicate that there are 5 major success factors, with the two most important being the foreign partner relationship and top management vision and commitment to exporting.     

Time Allocation Decisions Associated with Job Market Preparation: Undergraduate Perceptions versus Market Realities

A survey of agribusiness firms identifies characteristics associated with above average starting salary offers in the allied fields of agribusiness, agricultural economics, business, and economics. A complementary survey is made of students at Texas A&M University and University of Georgia. Results show that firms value work experience and leadership experience more than students do, whereas students value raising grade point average and interview preparation more than do firms. Students seeking a firm's maximum starting salary offer will need to enhance academic performance with substantial work experience and leadership experience.