论我国社会养老保险制度的整合

产生于不同历史条件下的我国各类社会养老保险制度,呈现出明显的城乡二元结构和"碎片化试点"等特征。建立健全政府补贴和个人缴费相结合形式的社会养老保险制度是我国社会养老保险制度的发展方向。我国社会养老保险制度整合路径和实现步骤主要包括:将国家政府机关、事业单位人员养老金制度由现收现付模式改革为"社会统筹+个人账户"相结合模式;将城镇职工基本养老保险制度、有固定工作农民工养老保险制度整合为城乡职工社会养老保险制度;进一步加大新农保、城居保制度的整合力度,实现城乡居民社会养老保险制度的实际运作;在此基础上,将城乡居民社会养老保险制度、城乡职工养老保险制度、公务员社会养老保险制度整合为国民养老金制度,建立多层次的社会养老保险制度。     

中国基本养老保险“统账结合”制度的反思与重构

长期以来,我们将社会统筹与个人账户相结合(简称"统账结合")的基本养老保险制度界定为"部分积累制".导致出现了社会保险"税费之争"、个人账户"空账"和中央政府责任无限放大等现实问题,其根源在于养老金转制成本及其清偿责任没有得到有效落实.因此,应从根本上改革现行基本养老保险制度结构,建立包括基础养老金(国民养老金)、个人账户养老金(强制性企业年金)和自愿性企业年金在内的三支柱养老金体系,并通过个人账户养老基金投资运营和"划资偿债"等措施保障三支柱养老金制度可持续发展.     

建立城乡统一的社会养老保险制度——基本理念、基本路径与制度模式

目前中国养老保险制度存在"碎片化"的现象,它增加了制度衔接的难度和重复参保的可能性,不利于统筹层次的提高,也拉大了不同群体之间的收入差距,未来建立城乡统一的社会养老保险制度是必然趋势。建立城乡统一的社会养老保险制度应坚持统筹城乡发展和基本公共服务均等化的理念,其基本路径为:第一步,将现有的养老保险制度整合到城乡居民基本养老保险和城镇职工基本养老保险制度中来;第二步,改革机关事业单位退休金制度,将其整合到城镇职工基本养老保险制度中来,并实现城乡养老保险制度的无缝衔接;第三步,建立"国民年金+强制性个人年金"模式的城乡统一的社会养老保险制度。     

浅析我国养老金制度的改革

我国是一个人口众多的发展中国家,已经进入老龄化社会。经济转型和老龄化的双重压力,制约着我国经济高速、有效的发展。文章通过介绍我国养老金的发展历程和改革现状,进而讨论我国养老金制度的缺陷,并给出相应的改革方向——建立统一的养老保险制度和由"三支柱"向"多支柱"转变。     

中国统一的最低养老保险制度实现路径、挑战和机制

中国养老保险制度以缴费型的第一支柱为主体、统账结合和城乡差距明显的现实,决定了将现有的城镇职工养老保险、灵活就业人员养老保险和新农保制度中基本养老金确定为最低养老金,将城乡最低养老金按照不同的速度逐渐调整为统一的最低养老金并使其覆盖全体老年人,就成为了中国统一最低养老保险的现实路径。要实现统一的最低养老保险,就要在待遇端构建城乡基础养老金的调整及统一机制,在缴费端优化统账结构并构建中国养老保险个人缴费减免补偿机制。     

完善养老金个人账户——瑞典的经验及启示

养老问题一直是社会各界普遍关注的热点问题,近些年来,国际上有很多国家都对养老金制度进行了改革。现阶段在我国社会养老保险体系既有路径和资源约束条件下,我国养老金个人账户的运行与管理在实践中存在很多的难点、痛点问题,亟须破解。瑞典于1999年实施了养老金名义账户制改革,并且建立了多支柱的养老保险体系。此次养老保险制度改革使瑞典养老金制度实现了代际平衡和财务稳定,确保了制度有效良性运行。本文全面梳理了瑞典基本养老金个人账户制的实践历程,深刻分析其改革的内在逻辑及实施路径,为我国养老保险制度改革、完善个人账户和建立多层次社会保险体系提供有益的经验及启示。     

养老金制度改革的政策取向与专业性养老保险公司的市场定位

构建和完善多支柱的养老金制度体系是中国养老金制度改革的长期目标。立足于中国养老金制度改革的具体实践和未来走向,专业性养老保险公司应合理定位,积极介入国家基本养老保险个人账户养老金的给付,谋求参与国家基本养老保险个人账户养老基金的投资管理,充当企业年金基金的法人受托人、账户管理人、投资管理人,并致力于商业养老保险产品创新和市场拓展,致力于农村养老保险市场开拓。     

瑞典:全民养老金体系的典范

瑞典是世界上最早建立全民养老金体系的国家之一，一度被许多国家奉为学习的楷模。早在1913年，瑞典议会便通过了国民年金法案，规定对所有老人实行没有差别、一视同仁的养老金保证制度。1999年，瑞典实行养老金体制改革，建立了一套多层次、多支柱的养老保险模式，将担子分担在政府和企业身上，使老有所养建立在了一个更坚实的基础上。     

21世纪以来国际养老保险制度改革的政策取向及其借鉴意义——以智利的改革为例

随着全球人口老龄化趋势的日益明显,各国纷纷采取致力于完善其养老保险制度的改革措施.其中智利在上世纪80年代初期进行了完全市场改革后,又于本世纪初进行了以建立社会互济养老金为主要内容的多支柱改革作为对完全市场化改革的补充和完善措施.     

中国企业年金运营模式的优化选择

中国养老金制度改革目标是建立多层次的养老保险体系,即基本养老保险制度、企业年金制度、个人储蓄三者的结合,而企业年金未来将成为养老保险体系的首要支柱,政府对企业年金的市场化运作应给予相应的政策扶植.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Aims and Scope

<正>The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to...     

Income smoothing and the cost of debt

The literature on income smoothing focuses on the effect of earnings smoothing on the equity market.This paper investigates the effect of income smoothing on th...     

The case for management history

This article defines the case for treating management history as a discrete subject area, although one closely related to business, accounting, labour, and industrial history. It seeks to concentrate on the nature, process, and practice of management as an activity within the organization, and to argue that it is important that modern British managers understand the intellectual and cultural roots of their profession, since without these they will tend to be swayed by short-term management 'fads'. Within the broad topic there are several identifiable sub-areas for potential exploration, including the comparative historical development of management between different countries, management institutions, managerial careers and labour markets, management structures, management skills, and management thought and theory.     

Cost accounting standard and cost accounting systems in Japan. Lessons from the past - recovering lost traditions

This paper aims to show two things. The first is how Japanese culture has contributed to the development of Japanese cost accounting history. The second is to reveal the research possibilities of cost accounting history. This paper also reviews the salient features of several important examples of these aspects of cost accounting practice in Japan. It therefore explores, through some practical illustrations, how and why Japanese cost accounting differs from that found in the West.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research‘‘CJAR’’(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditin...     

Shared Standard Setting in the Public Interest:A Strong Model

正The last two decades have been a definitive era in the evolution of the accountancy profession.In the wake of major corporate scandals at the turn of the century,an international public debate arose on the need for more effective and well-considered regulation;this debate then reignited during the global financial and sovereign debt crises.     

HOW TO PUT TOGETHER A COMPLETE PACKAGE

正Many Institute members know they cannot rely purely on technical knowledge and business acumen to remain competitive.As soft skills are increasingly important,Jemelyn Yadao finds out how CPAs can maintain