住房抵押贷款证券化的证券品种设计研究

住房抵押贷款支持证券是创新型的房地产衍生金融产品,它能有效化解房地产市场的金融风险和扩大房地产融资渠道.从我国第一只住房抵押贷款支持证券“建元“的发行情况来看,国内机构投资者对资产支持证券的定价能力还有待于加强.对于住房抵押贷款支持证券,必须重点关注其“利率风险“和“提前还款风险“.在证券化产品的设计上,如果采用持续还本差级证券,则必须构建合理的提前还款模型和违约模型,确保模型能够比较准确地拟合历史的提前还款率和违约率,同时还必须具备一定的预测能力.     

房地产抵押贷款一级市场与抵押贷款证券化

住房抵押贷款一级市场在抵押贷款证券化中起着关键的基础作用，抵押贷款证券的风险控制和防范离不开一级市场，证券的定价也离不开一级市场，我国目前的住房抵押贷款一级市场虽然有了很大程度的发展，但总的来说还不能满足证券化的要求，应把主要精力放在发展和完善一级市场上。     

住房抵押贷款证券化提前偿付风险的探讨

住房抵押贷款证券化应用中最为关键的一个环节就是对其进行合理定价,而定价就需要预测住房抵押贷款未来的现金流量,但抵押贷款人的提前偿付行为的存在影响着抵押贷款现金流量的确定。本文在定性描述了形成提前偿付行为的因素后,试图通过运用一些定量的分析来刻划提前偿付对住房抵押贷款证券定价的影响程度,以此对其提前偿付风险有更加清晰的认识。     

住房抵押贷款证券化风险的防范

住房抵押贷款证券化是近年来我国金融业发展的一个热点,随着我国商业银行住房抵押贷款的逐渐发展和完善,实行住房抵押贷款证券化已是必然趋势。因此,在实行住房抵押贷款证券化的同时要注意到其存在的风险,采取一定方法予以防范。     

我国实施住房抵押贷款证券化的障碍及其对策研究

住房抵押贷款证券化的实施有利于推动我国住房制度改革和金融体制改革的顺利进行。我国实施住房抵押贷款证券化的过程存在诸多障碍,为此,应加快住房抵押贷款一级市场建设;加强专业性的立法工作;制订、完善相关的会计准则,合理解决住房抵押贷款证券化过程中的税收问题;建立住房抵押担保证券的发起人体系和特设目的实体;提高中介机构的服务质量,设立担保系统及信用评级机构,完善证券评级规则体系。     

浅析住房抵押贷款证券化

住房抵押贷款证券化是房地产证券化的一种形式，浅述了住房抵押贷款证券化的涵义和国外的经验，对我国住房抵押贷款市场的局限性进行了分析，阐述了推行住房抵押贷款证券化的必要性和可行性，并重点对我国进行住房抵押贷款证券化提出相应的对策和建议。     

住房抵押贷款证券化存在的法律问题分析

住房抵押贷款证券化是资产证券化的一种,所谓住房抵押贷款证券化是指银行业金融机构作为发起机构,以住房抵押贷款作为担保而发行住房抵押贷款证券,并投入流通的融资活动。发展住房抵押贷款证券化对我国的商业银行的发展具备深厚的现实意义和战略意义,但是由于外部环境和前提条件的不足,使得推进住房抵押贷款证券化(MBS)存在一定的金融制度障碍,为了更加理性认识中国发展MBS可能遇到的困难,以及进一步探索适应我国国情的MBS制度设计,笔者对发展MBS存在的法律问题进行了一些分析。     

住房抵押贷款证券化的提前偿付风险分析

住房抵押贷款证券化是原始的抵押贷款形式从投资者与标的物之间的直接物权关系,转化为新的债务关系。具有优化金融机构的资产结构,提高住房抵押贷款的变现能力。住房抵押贷款证券化运行过程中存在很多风险,在住房抵押证券化的基础上,分析提前偿付风险的决定因素及相关模型,并对我国的提前偿付风险进行了简单的分析总结。目前我国已经开始对住房抵押贷款证券化1进行试点2,所以各种体系不完善,市场还不成熟,各种风险也疏于防范。这对于我国推进住房抵押贷款证券化的健康发展具有一定的理论指导意义。     

美国次级住房抵押贷款及证券化探析

本文主要介绍了美国次级抵押贷款市场、及次级抵押贷款的证券化产品—住房抵押贷款支持证券(MBS)及担保债务权证(CDO)。美国房地产抵押贷款市场分为三类:优级贷款市场、次优级贷款市场及次级贷款市场。同时美国住房抵押贷款市场分为一级市场和二级市场。一级市场为住房抵押贷款发放市场,二级市场为住房抵押贷款证券化市场。住房抵押贷款发放机构为了回收流动性,将住房抵押贷款出售给房利美和房地美和其他一些金融机构。这些金融机构将住房抵押贷款打包发行MBS。以次级住房抵押贷款为基础发行的MBS又连同其他资产被重新打包,发行CDO。本文还就次级住房抵押贷款证券化过程中存在的问题作了分析。     

住房抵押贷款证券化的提前偿付风险分析

住房抵押贷款证券化是原始的抵押贷款形式从投资者与标的物之间的直接物权关系,转化为新的债务关系。具有优化金融机构的资产结构,提高住房抵押贷款的变现能力。住房抵押贷款证券化运行过程中存在很多风险,在住房抵押证券化的基础上,分析提前偿付风险的决定因素及相关模型,并对我国的提前偿付风险进行了简单的分析总结。目前我国已经开始对住房抵押贷款证券化1进行试点2,所以各种体系不完善,市场还不成熟,各种风险也疏于防范。这对于我国推进住房抵押贷款证券化的健康发展具有一定的理论指导意义。     

Are covered bonds different from securitization bonds? A comparative analysis of credit spreads

This study compares credit spreads and pricing determinants of securitization vis-à-vis covered bonds. Our analysis reveals that although ratings are the most important pricing determinant for asset-backed securities (ABS) and mortgage-backed securities (MBS) investors place relatively more importance on contractual, macroeconomic and banks' characteristics rather than ratings in pricing covered bonds. We find evidence of a mispricing effect in structured finance markets: ABS and MBS have higher credit spreads than similarly rated public-covered bonds and mortgage-covered bonds and security prices reflect information beyond credit ratings. We find no evidence of borrowing costs affecting banks' choice between securitization and covered bonds.     

Effects of Asset Securitization on Seller Claimants

This study analyzes effects on debt and equity claimants of asset sales into securitizations. Shareholders' returns are increasing in shareholder capitalization. Average losses to shareholders in mortgage-backed securities issuers are explained historically. First time issuance and increased securitization frequency are shareholder-wealth-increasing. Securitizers with actively traded bonds enjoy substantial and significant shareholder gains, which are greater the poorer the creditworthiness of the seller. Wealth transfer from bondholders to shareholders occurs in asset-backed securities among sellers with low credit ratings. Banks' claimants have benefited significantly more than other FIs' claimants, suggesting that securitization can alleviate regulatory burden. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: G14, G21.     

Do investors value frequent issuers in securitization?

We assess the value of frequent issuers to investors in securitization markets by examining the initial yield spread of 6132 European mortgage-backed securities (MBS), covering a 20-year period between 1999 and 2018. We find that frequent issuers have certification value, and it increases as the credit cycle approaches its peak, as lending standards loosen, and information asymmetries in securitization markets increase. Investors value frequent issuers more favourably on riskier, difficult to evaluate MBS. We find that after the great financial crisis (GFC), investors began to attribute more value to frequent issuers, regardless of MBS credit quality. We also find that in the pre-crisis period, investors required higher yields to compensate for perceived rating shopping, which is not observed after the GFC. Finally, we show that investors expect higher yields on deals closed by subsidiaries of foreign banks.

     

谨慎实施住房抵押贷款证券化

尽管推行住房抵押贷款证券化有助于拓展房地产金融业务，促进房地产市场发展，但我国实施这一举措的基础环境尚待改善，因此，有必要审慎，渐进地推行住房抵押贷款证券化，切忌操之过急。与此同时，应切实，有效地推行有助于个人住房贷款发展的政策措施，培育个人信用制度，建立和健全相关法规体系，为实行住房抵押贷款证券化奠定坚实基础。     

Asymmetric information,adverse selection,and the pricing of CMBS

We demonstrate that asymmetric information between sellers (loan originators) and purchasers (investors and securities issuers) of commercial mortgages gives rise to a standard lemons problem, whereby portfolio lenders use private information to liquidate lower quality loans in commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) markets. Conduit lenders, who originate loans for direct sale into securitization markets, mitigate problems of asymmetric information and adverse selection in loan sales. Our theory provides an explanation for the pricing puzzle observed in CMBS markets, whereby conduit CMBS loans are priced higher than portfolio loans, despite widespread belief that conduit loans are originated at lower quality. Consistent with theoretical predictions of a lemons discount, our empirical analysis of 141 CMBS deals and 16,760 CMBS loans shows that, after controlling for observable determinants of loan pricing, conduit loans enjoyed a 34 basis points pricing advantage over portfolio loans in the CMBS market.     

论我国住房抵押贷款证券化

本文以借鉴和运用资产证券化这一金融创新工具为出发点，论证我国实行住房抵押贷款证券化的必要性，并提出应采取的对策选择。     

Performance based mortgage-backed securities indexing

The traditional approaches to indexing first developed for equities and then adapted to bonds are not effective for mortgage-backed securities. This paper details a new technique for indexing portfolios of mortgage-backed securities which rectifies the deficiencies of the older cellular method. By focusing on the performance characteristics of the bonds adjusted for their embedded options, we at once simplify the process of portfolio selection and increase the accuracy of performance tracking.     

Intermarket efficiency: An application of interbattery APT to mortgage-backed securities

Increasing popularity of investments in mortgage-backed securities has led to closer integration of the mortgage market into traditional capital markets. Using monthly returns during 1982–1988 for common stocks, Treasury bonds and GNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities, the interbattery factor analytic Arbitrage Pricing Theory of (Cho, 1984) is used to test five hypotheses for intramarket and intermarket integration. Results indicate that three to five common factors are found within the same security market, while only one to three factors are found common between different markets.The APT could not be rejected within the same security market, but was rejected in most intermarket comparisons. While risk-free rates are found to differ between markets, the risk premium tests are conclusive indicators of integration. Our results support claims that the stock, bond, and the mortgage-backed securities markets are integrated.     

Prepayment and the Valuation of Mortgage-Backed Securities

This paper puts forward a valuation framework for mortgage-backed securities. Rather than imposing an optimal, value-minimizing call condition, we assume that at each point in time there exists a probability of prepaying; this conditional probability depends upon the prevailing state of the economy. To implement our valuation procedure, we use maximum-likelihood techniques to estimate a prepayment function in light of recent aggregate GNMA prepayment experience. By integrating this empirical prepayment function into our valuation framework, we provide a complete model to value mortgage-backed securities.     

Valuing Fixed-Income Options and Mortgage-Backed Securities with Alternative Term Structure Models

To value mortgage-backed securities and options on fixed-income securities, it is necessary to make assumptions regarding the term structure of interest rates. We assume that the multi-factor fixed parameter term structure model accurately represents the actual term structure of interest rates, and that the values of mortgage-backed securities and discount bond options derived from such a term structure model are correct. Differences in the prices of interest rate derivative securities based on single-factor term structure models are therefore due to pricing bias resulting from the term structure model. The price biases that result from the use of single-factor models are compared and attributed to differences in the underlying models and implications for the selection of alternative term structure models are considered.