尽快建立“一带一路”公共卫生国际合作机制

2020年突发新冠疫情对中国的政治、社会、经济和国际交往等领域产生了严重影响,同时将对部分"一带一路"建设以及相关的沿线国家(下称"带路国家")形成冲击。因此,建议国家尽快建立《"一带一路"公共卫生国际合作机制》(下称"合作机制")。     

“一带一路”倡议对沿线国家政府债务的影响

当前共建“一带一路”进入高质量发展阶段,可持续性问题成为其内在核心.在此背景下,科学有效探讨“一带一路”倡议对沿线国家政府债务影响对于推进“一带一路”可持续发展具有重要意义.本文以2006-2018年世界范围内150个国家(地区)的数据为样本,以合成控制法为工具,探究了“一带一路”倡议对沿线国家的政府债务影响.结果 表明:“一带一路”倡议显著降低了沿线国家的政府债务;异质性分析表明,“一带一路”倡议对中低收入与低收入国家政府债务的削减作用更大,且政府债务削减作用在21世纪海上丝绸之路沿线国家强于丝绸之路经济带沿线国家;具体国别分析结果同样支持了“一带一路”倡议对沿线国家政府债务负担的减轻效应;进一步从贸易和投资层面探索“一带一路”倡议对沿线国家政府债务削减效应的重要影响渠道发现, “一带一路”倡议通过促进沿线国家出口贸易和吸收外资的渠道有效降低了政府债务.本文研究结论对于继续推进“一带一路”高质量发展具有重要指导意义.     

突发事件冲击下的“一带一路”沿线国家金融风险净传染

重大突发事件冲击下，如何防范化解金融风险已成为世界各国重点关注的话题。通过构建基于非物理空间矩阵的空间计量模型，考察“一带一路”沿线国家在美国金融危机、欧洲债务危机、新冠肺炎疫情等突发事件冲击下国际金融风险的净传染效应，研究结果表明：首先，净传染渠道是“一带一路”沿线国家金融风险传染的主要方式，新冠肺炎疫情冲击下沿线国家金融风险的净传染强度超过了美国金融危机时期和欧洲债务危机时期。其次，不同区域在三种突发事件影响下的净传染强度呈现差异性。最后，实体及金融贸易渠道对“一带一路”沿线国家金融风险传染的贡献相对较小。     

绿色保险护航“一带一路”建设

自习近平主席在2013年发出“一带一路”建设倡议以来,“一带一路”建设突出生态文明理念,推动绿色发展,加强生态环境保护,共同建设绿色丝绸之路。其中,绿色保险以其特有的生态环境风险规避、转移和管理,以及对绿色项目的长期投资功能,有助于提升“一带一路”绿色化水平、树立生态文明理念、实现“一带一路”沿线国家和地区可持续发展。     

应建立“一带一路”疫情防控多边共赢联盟

建立"一带一路"疫情防控多边共赢联盟,将有助于为"一带一路"增加新共识、开拓新领域;有助于促进"一带一路"多边机制的形成;有助促进"一带一路"沿线国家(简称:带路国家)的产业转型升级;有助于为人类命运共同体构想提供试行平台。如能运用好市场手段,与产业紧密结合,还能够使中国由此获得的综合收益高于经费负担。实施好这项工程,中国将在这个通往带路国家每个公民内心喜悦的伟大事业中,引领全球微生物科技和关联经济走向超过西方发达国家的新未来。     

“一带一路”、农产品贸易与出口信用保险服务

“一带一路”倡议的提出,为我国农产品贸易发展提供了难得的机遇。但农产品贸易所需的出口信用保险服务存在一定程度的滞后,制约了贸易的发展,且其自身发展中还存在保险费率高、风险保障不足、保险覆盖率低和立法滞后等问题。本文在分析我国与“一带一路”沿线国家的农产品贸易前景及出口信用保险存在的上述问题后,提出了改进出口信用保险服务的政策建议,以期提高我国与“一带一路”沿线国家的农产品贸易量,优化贸易结构。     

“一带一路”的特征和财税金融的支撑

一带一路构想最早由习近平主席在2013年9月7日提出,2016年3月提出的"十三五"规划对其战略进行了详细的设计部署,使其发展战略框架在我国内部已经可以施行。此外,习近平主席近几年不断在参观访问丝绸之路沿线的国家和地区,通过发表联合声明以及公报等形式已经基本完成了丝绸之路经济带的部署。本文着重从五个方面讲述了一带一路的战略特征,并且站在财税政策以及银行金融的角度对一带一路的支撑进行了分析。以此来供相关人士交流参考。     

“一带一路”倡议下江苏企业的基本经济特征及绿色技术创新行为

江苏作为丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的交汇点,在依托“一带一路”倡议支持沿线国家建设、助力国民经济增长和谋求自身发展上承担着重要的职责。本文总结江苏促进“一带一路”建设的举措并分析江苏在“一带一路”沿线的投资现状,同时使用Python技术分析公司年报识别出“一带一路”企业,在研究参与企业的基本经济特征后发现,江苏“一带一路”企业从地域上看主要分布于苏南地区,从行业上看主要分布于制造业,在企业性质上看主要分布于国有企业。以绿色专利数据衡量企业绿色技术创新水平,结果表明,江苏“一带一路”企业比未参与“一带一路”的企业绿色技术创新水平更高;“一带一路”企业中,国企的绿色技术创新水平优于非国企;苏南地区的绿色技术水平在三大区域内领先。江苏目前在绿色发展方面取得较大进步,污染治理、绿色制造、绿色技术创新取得显著成果,但仍然存在投资不平衡、绿色技术创新水平差异大等问题亟待解决。     

视点

见闻健全国家公共卫生应急管理体系最近,中央全面深化改革委员会第十二次会议召开。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央全面深化改革委员会主任习近平指出,这次抗击新冠肺炎疫情,是对国家治理体系和治理能力的一次大考。要研究和加强疫情防控工作,从体制机制上创新和完善重大疫情防控举措,健全国家公共卫生应急管理体系,提高应对突发重大公共卫生事件的能力水平。要强化公共卫生法治保障,全面加强和完善公共卫生领域相关法律法规建设;改革完善疾病预防控制体系,坚决贯彻预防为主的卫生与健康工作方针;健全重大疾病医疗保险和救助制度,完善应急医疗救助机制;健全统一的应急物资保障体系,把应急物资保障作为国家应急管理体系建设的重要内容。     

“一带一路”背景下PPP项目融资模式研究

"一带一路"倡议的目标是促进丝绸之路经济带沿线各国基础设施的互联互通,对接各国政策和发展策略,深化务实合作,促进协调联动发展,实现共同繁荣。其中,基础设施建设是实现"政策沟通、道路联通、贸易畅通、货币流通和民心相通"的突破口。为创新基础设施融资模式,应根据"一带一路"基础设施项目PPP子模式BOT、TOT等模式特点与伊斯兰金融产品特点进行融合,提出Mudaraba(利润分享)、Musharaka(股本参与)、Ijarah(融资租赁)、发行伊斯兰债券、设立伊斯兰专项投资基金等融资方式,吸引更多的民间资本,积极参与到一带一路建设中去,加快"一带一路"沿线国家基础设施地建设。     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.