开放条件下外汇储备变动对货币政策的影响

基于我国外汇储备持续增长的现状及国际比较,分析了开放条件下外汇储备与货币政策的内在逻辑联系以及冲击路径.研究发现:外汇储备变动主要通过货币供应量、货币供给结构、货币内生性及"三元悖论"等渠道影响我国货币政策的实施效果.进一步阐明了在开放经济条件下,我国应改革现行的外汇管理制度,加大公开市场业务操作力度,促使国际收支结构平衡,以提高货币政策实施的自主性和灵活性.     

金融危机后我国物价水平变动与货币供应关系研究——基于外汇储备变动视角

2010年以来,我国CPI走势屡创新高,一方面这与国际大宗商品价格持续走高、自然灾害频繁发生导致的粮食减产有关,另一方面也与国外巨额流动性投放以及我国适度宽松货币政策下经济体内流动性充裕有关。本文以外汇储备变动为切入点,对国际金融危机后我国外汇储备变动和物价走势进行分析,考察发达国家量化宽松政策对我国通货膨胀产生的影响。     

我国货币政策有效性分析

货币政策的制定和实施是宏观经济稳定运行的基本保障,我国连续多年的经常项目和资本、金融项目顺差积累了巨额的外汇储备,央行被迫增发基础货币致使通胀预期上升,货币政策在内外失衡时的作用受到影响。本文运用回归分析和VAR模型验证货币政策对宏观经济的影响,从央行资产负债表结构变动实证检验外汇储备增加、央行货币冲销对货币政策的作用效果,最后基于实证检验结果提出增强我国货币政策有效性的措施。     

我国外汇储备变动对货币政策的影响

本文认为在开放经济条件下,一国外汇储备与国内货币供应量关系为:外汇储备变动是货币供给的重要渠道。外汇占款是基础货币的一部分,其数量变化会对货币政策产生影响。经常项目顺差和资本顺差对货币政策效应的影响不同。     

中国与日本外汇储备变动对货币供给影响的比较研究

对中国和日本两国外汇储备与货币供给量之间关系的分析结果表明,两国外汇储备变动对货币供给的弹性都较小,但发生的原因却是不同的。日本央行购入外汇储备的日元资金的来源主要依赖于政府的债券融资——外汇平准基金,中国央行的购汇资金则主要依赖于基础货币的投放。为抵消外汇储备变动对货币供给的影响,中国央行通过持续不断地发行央行票据对冲这些基础货币增量,因此在货币政策方面缺乏独立性。中国应尝试借鉴日本的做法,通过建立外汇平准基金制度,切断外汇储备与货币供给之间的联系,从根本上消除外汇储备变动对货币供给的压力,进而增强央行货币政策操作的独立性。     

高额外汇储备对货币政策运行的影响

随着我国社会经济的不断发展,目前,我国的外汇储备不断升高,而不断升高的外汇储备对于我国的货币政策甚至经济发展带来了一定的影响.由此,本文通过分析了我国高额外汇储备存在的主要原因,以及高额外汇储备对货币政策运行的影响,并提出了相应的对策建议.     

外汇储备持续增长对中国货币政策的影响问题探析

本文从本外币政策结合点及外汇储备与货币政策的内在机制两方面,就外汇储备持续增长对我国货币政策影响予以分析,进而提出我陶革新外汇管理体制、完善货币政策调控体系、深化汇率改革及改善旧际收支失衡等一系列建议.     

外汇储备对我国宽松货币政策退出的影响及对策

外汇储备作为满足国际支付、平衡国际收支、维持汇率稳定和国际信誉的一国重要资产,对经济运行发挥重要作用。根据＂三元悖论＂①,固定汇率、资本自由流动和货币政策的独立性不可得兼,我国巨额外汇储备引起的外汇占款对国内货币政策带来了巨大影响。本文分析了我国外汇储备的现状和外汇储备对货币政策的作用机制、外汇储备对宽松货币政策退出的影响,并提出了协调货币政策和外汇储备政策的思路。     

我国外汇储备持续增长对货币政策的影响

近年来,我国外汇储备呈现快速增长的态势,截至2011年末,我国外汇储备余额高达31811.48亿美元,如此高额的外汇储备增大了货币供给的内生性,加大了通胀压力,从而降低了央行货币政策操作的效果。本文首先从理论上分析我国外汇储备对货币政策的影响机理,以此为基础从我国外汇储备的现状入手,分析了我国外汇储备快速增长对货币政策的各种负面影响,最后提出一些措施和建议缓解外汇储备快速增长对货币政策的冲击。     

高额外汇储备对我国货币政策影响分析

外汇储备是弥补本国国际收支逆差、稳定本国汇率的物质基础,但外汇储备过多也会产生不利影响,巨额的外汇储备会削弱货币政策的效果。本文从我国高额外汇储备形成原因开始,分析了高额外汇储备对我国货币政策的影响,并提出了相应的对策建议。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.