后危机时期国际组织金融监管改革评析及启示

文章回顾了此次全球金融危机以来主要国际组织关于加强宏观审慎监管的改革行动,归纳了国际组织改革的突出特点及其实施障碍。在此基础上,结合国际组织的改革建议和中国经济金融发展特点,从加强国际监管合作、构建中国宏观审慎监管体系以及加快中国系统性风险管理研究等方面,提出进一步完善中国金融监管改革的政策建议。     

A FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT THEORY OF THE NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION

Certain unique operational and financial characteristics of nonprofit organizations prevent the transfer and successful application of orthodox economic and financial management theories to financial management decisions in the nonprofit context. These characteristics include a dual management structure composed of professional and financial managers, multiple objectives, legal restrictions on the disposition of earnings and assets, and the constant threat of illiquidity as the result of the uncoupling of organizational goals and cash flows. The financial management theory presented here separates the financial management goals from the professional goals and allows the finance practitioner to concentrate on keeping the nonprofit organization operating as a going concern. The theory is designed as a “partial” theory of the firm and is completely consonant with accepted economic orthodoxy. Hence, by employing financial decision rules based on the new theory, a nonprofit organization can survive financially through time while its professional manager pursues utility-denominated goals delineated by the organization's tax-exempt status.     

A proposed enterprise risk management model for health organizations

Health care organizations are environments with high management complexity and subject to a constant exposure to risks. Enterprise risk management (ERM) has been studied and applied in different economic environments with the aim of improving organizational performance. However, the health sector still suffers from a lack of attention in this context, in particular with regard to the need for a high degree of financial transparency and for the establishment of process-orientated management, and this provides the motivation for the study described in this paper. An ERM model for health organizations is proposed, based on a systematic literature review and on seven case studies in Brazilian hospitals. An approach to economic risk assessment using indicators such as the cash flow at risk and the variability of costs and receipts from the proposed model is suggested. The health organizations involved in the case studies all interpret ERM as a source of information contributing to corporate governance, and the indicators listed provide constructive data for improvement-driven decision-making. Given the interest expressed by the organizations involved, further application and validation of the proposed model in subsequent studies is suggested.     

Internal adaptations to effects of changes in financial accounting standards

Managers of organizations may be expected to select actions which will lead to favorable performance evaluations. Evaluations which are based upon accounting measures may be affected by changes in financial accounting standards. These effects on performance evaluations may motivate managers to change selctions of actions in order to maintain favorable evaluations even though the new set of actions may not be in the best interests of the organization. A survey of current research reveals that these effects have been misclassified in assessing the effects of changes in accounting standards. This paper develops a conceptual framework for testing the proposition that firms which have failed to effectively adapt internally for the effects of changes in financial accounting standards may experience unintended side effects as a result of changed management actions.The major points of the paper are illustrated in a hypothetical case study involving Research and Development activity.     

Directing strategically financial management education and training

Competence, capability and capacity in financial management are crucial for the success of all commercial organizations. Financial literacy is required of most if not all of the significant decision makers within organizations, no matter what their official status might be, if those organizations are to function effectively. Traditionally, developing this literacy has been seen as just another training issue on the agenda for the company's training department. This paper will argue that financial literacy is so important to organizations that financial management education and training should be seen more as part of the financial management control system of the organization than as a self development issue.

Directors of finance need to become involved in the financial education and training process, particularly at a strategic level, so as to ensure that the company's competence, capability and capacity in financial management are appropriate to the pace and direction of company development.     

Management incentives to recognise intangible assets

The paper examines whether the introduction of the international financial reporting standards (IFRS) in Australia changed management incentives to recognise intangible assets. We examine post‐IFRS changes in managerial opportunism and economic benefits associated with the recognition of intangible assets. We find evidence after IFRS of significant change in intangible asset recognition concurrent with share issues. We also find that the association between economic benefits and intangible assets changed following IFRS. Evidence is provided that the economic benefits associated with goodwill were enhanced by IFRS, whereas IIA and E&E asset information became less useful to financial report users.     

The Structure of Cross‐Sector Financial Supervision

In this paper the authors note that, over the last decade, in many countries the financial supervisory functions that were once performed by central banks have been combined with those performed by other official agencies and/or self‐regulatory organizations to form a single financial services regulator. They consider three questions: (1) Why has this change occurred? (2) What role in supervision, if any, should the central bank continue to play? and (3) Do these organizational changes in financial supervision pose risks to financial stability?     

Wealth and Poverty in the English Football League

Member clubs in professional sporting leagues can increase joint incomes by adopting measures that equalise playing performance. In the English Football League some degree of performance equalisation has traditionally been achieved by restricting financial competition and through income sharing arrangements. Elite clubs in the League have recently secured changes in these arrangements which will increase their dominance in the industry. This paper analyses the affects of these changes and of shifts in market demand on the recent financial positions and cash flows of ten of the most and ten of the least successful clubs, and concludes that collective management policies in the League are contrary to the normal economic objectives of a sporting league.     

营利性行为与非营利组织财务规制研究

文章根据非营利组织营利性行为趋势,结合中国社会组织网公布的非营利组织工作报告,指出我国非营利组织的营利性活动仍存在一些不规范行为,应当在财务管理上加以规范,以保证非营利组织营利性行为有章可依,有章必依。     

Mary Parker Follett,managerial responsibility,and the future of capitalism

In this paper we examine the work of Mary Parker Follett as it relates to current management practice. Specifically, we focus on her development of the concepts of integration and participation with respect to the employer–employee relationship in the context of the low-skill workforce. At their core, both of these concepts relate to the idea that management should attend to the concerns of workers. However, recent trends that have had the effect of reducing the attachment of workers to their organizations, particularly changes in the psychological employment contract and the use of contingent and temporary workforces, also reduce the likelihood of genuine integration and participation in organizations. We then connect these changes to the problem of income inequality and suggest that the same organizational practices that have reduced employee attachment may also lead many people to question the legitimacy of capitalism as an economic system through the absence of a societally shared prosperity. We suggest that by reconnecting to Follett's concepts of integration and participation in the employer–employee relationship, better results can be obtained for both organizations and workers, leading to restored faith in capitalism. We close with an agenda for future research based on the implications of Follett's work for present-day organizations and society.     

Viewing ‘the new economy' from diverse forecasting perspectives

Comparisons are drawn between traditional economic forecasting and more systemic, dynamic modelling of economic risks and rewards, game theory and chaos models. The paper reviews the ways these methods are used by business and financial organizations in today's globalized economy. From an ecological perspective, it shows how these different paradigms, models and statistics lead to widely-divergent forecasts about the performance of economies, central banks, securities markets, other economic actors and phenomena. It interprets such diverse forecasts by examining underlying assumptions and epistemologies in the colloquial language of a luncheon speech given to portfolio managers, venture capitalists and institutional investors.     

国外农村金融问题研究综述

从对农村金融市场及其中供求关系、农村金融组织体系及供给主体、农村金融管理体制、农村金融机构产权制度、农村金融组织微观运营机制等方面作出概括，以对我国当前的农村金融体制改革起到借鉴作用。     

推进实验教学改革,构建创新型、应用型人才培养平台

经济管理实验教学作为高等财经教育的重要组成部分,近年来在财经院校得到了快速发展.内蒙古财经学院通过整合现有实验资源,进一步提升了实验教学对于培养应用型人才的效果.但是我院在经济管理实验室建设中,还存在着诸如建设经费投入不足、管理的体制和机制尚未完全理顺等问题,本文针对这些问题提出了构建创新型、应用型人才培养平台的一些想法和措施.     

A management control system to support corporate sustainability strategies

This paper outlines a management accounting system, based upon cost variance analysis, which supports the pursuit of environmental and traditional financial goals within a decentralized organization. The framework decomposes inefficiencies into two parts. The first consists of what might be considered a natural outcome of pursuing the traditional economic goal of efficiency through cost-minimization, a “waste” variance. The second part consists of sustainability gains that produce societal benefit but may be incongruent with short-term economic goals, a “sustainability” variance. While elimination of waste variances can be encouraged using a traditional performance evaluation and reward structure, elimination of sustainability variances requires re-design of performance evaluation tools and reward structures. We demonstrate that differing production functions across operational units within organizations can impact the relative magnitude of the two variances. The failure to recognize and incorporate these differences can lead to inefficient allocation of resources and/or only partial fulfillment of the strategic environmental goals of the organization.     

保险企业价值创造——基于风险管理的视角

作为经营风险的特殊组织,保险企业的风险管理在其经营管理中具有重要的地位和作用。随着全球经济金融环境的快速变化,如今保险企业的风险管理已不仅局限于业务风险、金融风险或公司治理风险的某一方面,而是逐渐成为保险企业为实现价值创造这一经营目标的必要手段之一。因此本文通过对保险企业价值和风险管理的角色和作用的分析,提出了保险企业通过实施风险管理实现价值创造的思路、原则、组织框架和实施路径。     

Employee responsibility in benefit change

If employers want to move employees beyond superficial acceptance of benefit changes, organizations need to increase the focus on how they manage the change process and support employee decision making. This article describes how employers can help workers understand changes and, through effective change management and communication, successfully navigate in an evolving benefits world. Using recent survey research about large employer and employee attitudes, the authors demonstrate tangible proof that these efforts pay off, both in financial and cultural terms.     

我国非营利组织的财务管理

发展非营利组织对推进社会主义现代化建设有重要的现实意义。然而,目前我国非营利组织的财务管理存在许多的问题。非营利组织财务管理的这些问题不仅严重制约了自身的发展,而且增加了社会的不稳定因素。因此,要采取措施加强我国非营利组织的财务管理,进而营造一个良好的社会环境,使整个社会更加和谐安定。     

Can financial innovation help to explain the reduced volatility of economic activity?

The stabilization of economic activity in the mid 1980s has received considerable attention. Research has focused primarily on the role played by milder economic shocks, improved inventory management, and better monetary policy. This paper explores another potential explanation: financial innovation. Examples of such innovation include developments in lending practices and loan markets that have enhanced the ability of households and firms to borrow and changes in government policy such as the demise of Regulation Q. We employ a variety of simple empirical techniques to identify links between the observed moderation in economic activity and the influence of financial innovation on consumer spending, housing investment, and business fixed investment. Our results suggest that financial innovation should be added to the list of likely contributors to the mid-1980s stabilization.     

乡村振兴视阈下农村金融供给改革与制度创新

乡村振兴是解决我国“三农”问题、实现农村快速发展、补齐我国经济社会短板的重大战略决策。金融是经济发展的血液,金融支持是乡村振兴不可或缺的重要因素,是实现乡村振兴的保障。然而,我国农村地区却存在着金融供给缺乏、体制不健全、金融风险化解机制缺失、金融供给机制不足、金融资源配置不均衡等问题,面临着市场需求变化、土地流转、农村金融风险特质带来的新挑战。因此,需要通过规范和发展新型农村金融服务组织,利用互联网创新金融服务,构建农村金融风险分担与补偿机制,构建乡村振兴的绿色金融服务体系,推动PPP模式的发展等措施,推动农村金融供给改革与制度创新。     

苏美达公司价值创造型财务管理案例研究

信息技术的普遍应用、金融工具的广泛引进、产品经营范围的多维扩展以及全球经济的一体化,使外贸型企业经营管理的内部条件与外部环境发生了巨大的变化。这种环境的改变,迫切要求企业的财务管理改变传统角色,实现向价值创造型财务管理的转型。苏美达公司财务资产部坚实自身价值创造能力,借助于资金管理、政策把握、自由现金流投资等手段,通过决策支持、管理监督、考核与激励支持或促进公司整体价值创造,其价值创造型财务管理的成功实践对于转型期的中国同类企业财务管理的与时俱进有一定的借鉴意义。