关于美国次贷危机国际蔓延渠道的探讨

由于美国是世界第一大经济体、主要债务国,美元又是世界主要流通货币和储备货币,因此,美国次贷危机的国际传播,不同于以往金融危机,它是通过金融渠道、贸易渠道和货币渠道从美国蔓延到与美国经济、金融联系密切的其他国家,形成了全球性的金融危机和经济衰退.     

纽约——国际金融中心

纽约是资本主义世界主要国际金融中心之一。它是在第一次世界大战后,随着美国联邦储备体系的建立和金融制度的完善逐渐形成的。第二次世界大战后建立了以美元为中心的国际货币体系,美元成了各国最主要的储备货币和国际清算货币,纽约金融市场也成了西方首届一指的国际市场。五十年代后期,欧洲货币市场的兴起,美元危机爆发,以及美国采取一些     

海外速递

美元作为世界主要储备货币仍不可替代 英国《金融时报》近期发表评论文章认为,尽管美国拥有巨额预算和经常项目赤字,并且近期美元兑欧元和日元的汇率出现大幅下跌,但是在可预见的未来,美元仍将是世界的主要储备货币,欧元和日元都不可能取而代之。 首先,美国目前乃至在今后相当长的时期内将继续是全球惟一的超级强国,这种地位通常与其货币作为世界主要储备     

从国际货币体系视角看次贷危机的产生

文章介绍了当代国际货币体系的特点及美元本位下国际储备的新变化；指出美元本位下美国经常账户持续失衡，大量向世界各国输出美元在很大程度上造成了信用扩张。信用扩张推高了资产价格，增加了货币供给，并与风险监管缺位等因素一道，共同导致了次贷危机的爆发。     

“美元本位制”会持续吗

自从美国次贷危机爆发以来,美元就多次大幅度贬值,给全球经济带来很大的冲击,改革“美元本位制”的呼声不绝于耳。严格来说,现在国际货币体系不能够称作“美元本位制”。与布雷顿森林体系时代不同,目前没有美元本位制的制度框架和强制约束,主要国际货币都是浮动汇率,国际储备货币也日益多元化,只不过美元仍然在国际货币体系中发挥着重要作...     

欧元对美元：存在统治地位之争吗

经过了虚拟欧元三年的经验,以及在实际欧元问世的前夕,欧元事实上完全有可能挑战美元国际货币的地位。欧元面值债券的发行量已经超过美元面值债券的发行量。世界已经享有一个两极的国际金融市场,尽管还不是一个两极的国际货币体系。持有美元作为大量的国际储备使得这种货币在货币危机时变成瓮中之鳖,完全依赖于美元作为主要储备货币、发票货币、和干预货币带来了根本没有必要的风险。因此,欧元成为美元主要竞争者的时期即将到来。     

国际储备货币竞争与欧元危机

所谓希腊债务危机和由此引发的欧元危机,实际上反映的是新形势下的国际储备货币竞争,美国趁机打压欧元,目的在于维护美元的全球霸权地位     

多极世界中的美元政策:从“善意忽视”走向“积极管理”

美元作为世界主要储备货币和国际交换媒介,降低了美国消费者和企业的交易成本,减少了美元借款人的融资成本。当前国际货币体系走向多极化,国际经济、政治、社会和科学技术等发生重大变化,美元政策变革势在必行。短期内美元作为世界主要储备货币的地位难以动摇,但关于美元政策应该尽快从"善意忽视"转变为"积极管理"。     

微言话美债

美债危机的影响董登新：美国的美元与欧洲的欧元,都是主要的国际货币。债务国发行国际货币,债权国储备国际货币。当欧美债务危机发生时,作为债务人的欧美国家并无大碍,也无实质性损失,而真正的受损者则只有美债和欧债的债权人。中国虽并不富裕,但我们却是美国政府的最大境外债权人。     

论后金融危机时代增加我国黄金储备的必要性

由次贷危机引发的金融危机致使美国经济下滑,美国通过增发货币并数次调低利息来刺激经济复苏,美元面临大幅贬值。由于美元是很多发展中国家的主要外汇储备,这些国家的国际储备将随美元的贬值而缩水。尽管在各国救市行动的干预下,目前全球经济已有回暖的迹象,但是因救市而增发的大量货币,也为未来全球性的通货膨胀埋下隐患。作为经济最后的卫兵和对抗通货膨胀的利器,黄金成为最为安全的资产。本文从我国国际储备现状出发,结合后金融危机下全球通胀预期升温的背景,论证增加我国黄金储备的必要性。     

Did COVID-19 change spillover patterns between Fintech and other asset classes?

This study examines the spillover effect between financial technology (Fintech) stocks and other financial assets (gold, Bitcoin, a global equity index, crude oil, and the US Dollar) during the COVID-19 crisis. Employing daily data from June 2019 to August 2020, our empirical analysis shows that the outbreak of COVID-19 exacerbated volatility transmission across asset classes, while subsequent decreases in new confirmed cases globally reduced the intensity of these spillovers. The evidence for the USD and gold supports their safe haven properties during catastrophic events, while innovative technology products as represented by a financial technology index (KFTX) and Bitcoin were highly susceptible to external shocks. These results show that when push comes to shove, the buck stops with the USD and gold and that the exorbitant privilege enjoyed by the USD prevailed during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

Hedges or safe havens—revisit the role of gold and USD against stock: a multivariate extended skew-t copula approach

Our paper concerns the question of whether there exist hedge assets during extreme market conditions, which has become increasingly important since the recent financial crisis. This paper develops a novel extended skew-t copula model to examine the effectiveness of gold and US dollar (USD) as hedge or safe haven asset against stock prices for seven developed markets over the 2000–2013 period. Our results indicate the existence of skewness and heavy/thin tails in the distributions of all three types of assets in most of the developed markets, lending support to the employment of flexible distributions to evaluate the tail dependences among assets. We find that USD is preferred to gold as a hedge asset during normal market conditions, while both assets can serve as safe haven assets for most countries when stock markets crash. Our simultaneous analysis of the three assets advises against a joint hedge strategy of gold and USD due to the high tail dependence between them during extreme market conditions. This result highlights the importance of simultaneous modelling of multiple assets in financial risk analysis.     

Linkages between Indian and US financial markets: impact of global financial crisis and Eurozone debt crisis

This paper examines inter-linkages between Indian and US equity, foreign exchange and money markets using the vector autoregressive-multivariate GARCH-BEKK framework. We investigate the impact of global financial crisis (GFC) and Eurozone debt crisis (EZDC) on the conditional volatility and conditional correlation estimates derived from the multivariate GARCH model for Indian and US financial markets. Our results indicate that there is significant bidirectional causality-in-mean between the Indian stock market returns and the Rs./USD market returns, and significant unidirectional causality-in-mean from the US stock market returns to the Indian stock market returns. As regards volatility spillovers, we find that volatility in the Indian stock market rises in response to domestic as well as US financial market shocks but Indian financial market shocks do not impact the US markets. Further, impact of the recent crisis episodes on the covariance matrix is found to be significant. We find that volatility in the Indian and US financial markets significantly amplified during GFC. The conditional correlations across asset markets were significantly accentuated in the wake of the two crisis episodes. The impact of GFC on cross-market conditional correlations is higher for majority of the asset market pairs in comparison to the EZDC.     

美国金融风暴的警示——实现国际收支平衡至关重要

近几年,我国国际收支不平衡的情况日益恶化,国际收支顺差的规模也不断扩大,主要体现在外汇储备的快速增长上;而由于我国的外汇储备投资的资产主要集中在美国国债及其他美元债券上,美国金融危机的爆发使得我国的外汇储备资产价值受到了严峻的挑战,文章指出外汇储备大量投资美元资产不仅使得我们承担了来自美国政府、美元汇率的风险,还使得我们不得不为美国的金融危机买单,而且外需拉动型的经济增长模式也不具有可持续性。因此文章建议从扩大内需、降低贸易顺差、控制外商直接投资、治理热钱流入四个方面,多管齐下切实纠正我国国际收支失衡的现状。     

国际货币体系的危机传导机制及改革的方向

该文试图从国际货币体系运行机制的角度寻找此次金融危机传导的根源,在介绍了国际货币体系演变和运行特点的基础上,指出美元事实本位的货币体系存在着美元泛滥、通胀和经济波动的国际传导和金融市场风险传导等诸多问题,并从改善国际货币基金组织内部决策机制、构建国际金融监管框架等方面对国际货币体系改革提出设想和建议。     

Dynamic spillovers between commodity and currency markets

In this study, we examine the dynamic link between returns and volatility of commodities and currency markets. Based on weekly data over the period from January 6, 1987 to July 22, 2014, we find the following empirical regularities. First, our results suggest that the information contents of gold, silver, platinum, and the CHF/USD and GBP/USD exchange rates can help improve forecast accuracy of returns and volatilities of palladium, crude oil and the EUR/CHF and GBP/USD exchange rates. Second, gold (CHF/USD) is the dominant commodity (currency) transmitter of return and volatility spillovers to the remaining assets in our model. Third, the analysis of dynamic spillovers shows time- and event-specific patterns. For instance, the dynamic spillover effects originating in gold and silver (platinum) returns and volatility intensified (degraded) in the period marked by the global financial crisis. After the global financial crisis, the net transmitting role of gold and silver (platinum) returns shocks weakened (strengthened), while the net transmitting role of gold, silver and platinum volatility shocks remained relatively high. Overall, our findings reveal that, while the static analysis clearly classifies the aforementioned variables into net transmitters and net receivers, the dynamic analysis denotes episodes wherein the role of transmitters and receivers of return (volatility) spillovers can be interrupted or even reversed. Hence, even if certain commonalities prevail in each identified category of commodities, such commonalities are time- and event-dependent.     

Relationship between gold and stock markets during the global financial crisis: Evidence from nonlinear causality tests

This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamic co-movements between gold returns, stock market returns and stock market volatility during the recent global financial crisis for the UK (FTSE 100), the US (S&P 500) and Japan (Nikkei 225). Initially, the bivariate dynamic relationships between i) gold returns and stock market returns and ii) gold returns and stock market volatility are tested; both of these relationships are further investigated in the multivariate nonlinear settings by including changes in the three-month LIBOR rates. In this paper correlation integrals based on the bivariate model show significant evidence of nonlinear feedback effect among the variables during the financial crisis period for all the countries understudy. Very limited evidence of significant feedback is found during the pre-crisis period. Results from the multivariate tests including changes in the LIBOR rates provide results similar to the bivariate results. These results imply that gold may not perform well as a safe haven during the financial crisis period due to the bidirectional interdependence between gold returns and, stock returns as well as stock market volatility. However, gold may be used as a hedge against stock market returns and volatility in stable financial conditions.     

On cross-currency transmissions between US dollar and euro LIBOR-OIS spreads

Using the causality-in-variance and causality-in-mean tests advocated by Hong (2001), we examine volatility and mean transmissions between the US dollar (USD) and euro (EUR) LIBOR-OIS spreads from January 2005 to June 2011. Interestingly, during the global financial crisis period, despite the apparently bidirectional causality-in-mean observed between the two spreads, we find evidence of significant unidirectional causality-in-variance from the EUR to the USD spread, implying information flows driven by the funding behaviors of European financial institutions. On the other hand, during the recent European sovereign debt crisis, we detect no significant causality-in-mean and causality-in-variance between the spreads.     

The increasing default risk of US Treasury securities due to the financial crisis

This paper examines the impact of the current financial crisis on long-term US Treasury yields by testing the impact of a series of events from December 2007 to March 2009 on the spread between 10-year USD LIBOR swap and 10-year US Treasury (constant maturity) rates to measure risk associated with Treasuries. Controlling for the liquidity of the two markets, the default risk of the swap, and the net foreign purchases of Treasury securities, we find that 13 of the tested 20 events have significantly negative coefficients. We conclude that the lower spread is consistent with greater default risk for US Treasury securities.