税收遵从影响因素的实验分析

税收不遵从问题是各国政府面临的一大难题,各国政府都力图从那些影响纳税人遵从决策的因素中找到有效的方法来提高税收遵从水平.运用实验的方法对纳税人税收遵从的主要影响因素进行分析表明:较高的税收检查概率、罚款率,纳税人从政府获得较多的公共物品以及较低的"不存在第三方报告的收入"的比重,会导致纳税人税收遵从率较高;纳税人感到自已是不公平的受害者,税收遵从率较低;税率、纳税人收入水平及性别对税收遵从的影响是不确定的.应从树立现代税收意识、加强税收检查、提高税收执法质量等方面提高我国纳税人税收遵从水平.     

纳税人税收遵从行为博弈分析

创建基于行为博弈的税收遵从均衡模型,将处于相同税收境况的纳税人视为一个群体,则个体纳税人选择税收遵从策略从纳税人群体角度来看就是以一定的概率选择该种策略。面对正常税务检查与严格税务检查并存的环境,纳税人税收遵从博弈稳定均衡策略形成不但取决于税制的特性,而且依赖于其他纳税人的税收遵从决策。依据税收遵从博弈均衡的形成机理,提出建立我国税收遵从激励监督机制的对策。     

国外税收遵从成本研究述评

税收遵从成本的效应和特征表明:政府的税收决策必须有利于降低纳税人特别是广大中小企业和个人纳税人的遵从成本,或者至少不会增加其遵从成本。同国际上对税收遵从成本的研究相比,我国至今在这方面的研究还处于起步阶段。     

论公共产品效率与税收遵从的互动

公共产品效率最大化是构建公共财政体制的关键。公共产品效率不仅关系到资源配置、经济发展与社会和谐,也关系到纳税人权利受尊重和保护的程度、纳税人对政府的评价与信任等,最终将作用于纳税人的税收遵从决策。公共产品效率与税收遵从具有高度相关性。     

纳税人风险偏好对遵从决策的影响——基于前景理论的实证研究北大核心CSSCI

行为经济理论认为,人的风险偏好会影响其行为选择。纳税人的遵从行为也可能受其风险偏好的影响。前景理论为纳税人风险偏好与遵从决策的关系提供一种更有说服力的解释。本文采用问卷调查方法,设计"纳税情况选择",运用Ordered-Logistic与Ordered-Probit回归模型,模拟纳税人在不确定条件下的遵从决策。实证研究结果表明,持"纳税是企业或个人的一种损失"观点者与持"逃税是企业或个人的一种收益"观点者相比,前者更倾向于风险爱好,更具有偷逃税行为选择。本文建议,应重新审视税收本质理论,注重税收激励的作用,通过提高公共物品供给效率、在管理中更多应用预缴制度等方式来提高纳税人的纳税遵从度。     

“互联网+”背景下税收合作性遵从实现的路径分析北大核心CSSCI

在"互联网+"的背景下,我国税收环境将得以优化,包括涉税信息更加对称、税收征管效率有效提高、纳税人纳税成本大幅降低、纳税人风险甄别机制更加精准等,这使得税收合作性遵从的实现成为可能。本文结合国外有关税收合作性遵从的"遵从坡面模型"进行分析,梳理出可提高我国税收合作性遵从度的具体路径,包括:推行纳税人自我评估制度、进行有效的纳税成本管理以及创造更加公平的纳税环境等。     

纳税人个性特征与纳税遵从关系的实证研究

影响纳税人遵从的因素是多方面的,其中纳税人个性特征会影响纳税遵从.纳税人个性特征包括年龄、职业、受教育程度、风险偏好、价值取向、个人收入水平、纳税心理等.实证研究表明,因纳税人个性特征不同,致使纳税遵从也存在差异.了解哪些因素会影响纳税人的税收遵从行为,可以有针对性地采取措施,提升税务机关的征管质效,促进纳税遵从.     

纳税遵从意识若干影响因素评析

纳税遵从是一个国家税收征纳关系是否和谐的重要标志，关系着税收法治的进程和税收征管的质量及效率。纳税人遵从税法意识的形成，要受到政治、经济、心理、习惯、环境等诸多因素的影响。本文以纳税人、征税人、用税人等“人”的因素为主线，研究了物质利益诱导、税收行政执法和政府行为对纳税遵从意识的影响，并相应提出了提升纳税遵从意识的对策建议。     

纳税人遵从的演化博弈分析

对纳税人遵从行为进行动态分析是税收征管研究的理论前沿问题。现实生活中由于信息的不对称和行为主体的非完全理性,征纳双方的一次性决策选择是难以实现特定的均衡,征纳之间的博弈是一个相互作用、动态变化的过程。经过长期的博弈,在税收监管水平较高,并且纳税人群体中占大多数的是诚信纳税人的状态下,如果放松监管,将不会导致纳税人在不遵从上的显著增长。但如果监管水平降到临界点之下,遵从行为的一个较大的偏移将产生,不遵从行为急剧增多,偷逃税盛行,此时再通过提高监管水平、加大惩戒力度来扭转不遵从泛滥的趋势将变得十分困难,需要比以往付出高得多的代价。     

税收遵从成本影响因素及在我国的适用性分析

国内外研究文献将税收遵从成本高的原因归结于税法、税制、税收征管、税务代理、税务腐败、纳税人自身特征和纳税素质等因素。这些因素对税收遵从成本的影响机理各不相同,而且由于国情不同,各因素在各国的影响程度也不相同。本文论述了各因素对税收遵从成本的影响特征,并分析其在我国的适用性,为降低税收遵从成本的对策研究提供参考。     

An egocentric model of the relations among the opportunity to underreport,social norms,ethical beliefs,and underreporting behavior

A model of the relations among taxpayers’ opportunity, social norms, ethical beliefs, and tax compliance is proposed and tested using structural equation modeling. High opportunity taxpayers, who may personally benefit from evasion, judged evasion as less unethical than low opportunity taxpayers. High and low opportunity taxpayers judged social norms similarly. Further, ethical beliefs partially (fully) mediate the relation between opportunity (social norms) and underreporting. Implications from our study to tax compliance researchers and policy makers are discussed.     

Cost Uncertainty and Taxpayer Compliance

The existence of a private cost borne by audited taxpayers affects the tax enforcement policy. This is so because tax auditors will face now two sources of uncertainty, namely, the typical one associated with taxpayers’ income and that associated with the taxpayers’ idiosyncratic attitude towards tax compliance. Moreover, the inspection policy can be exposed to some randomness from the taxpayers’ viewpoint due to the uncertainty about the audit cost borne by the tax authority. In this paper we provide an unified framework to analyze the effects of all these sources of uncertainty in a model of tax compliance with strategic interaction between auditors and taxpayers. We show that more variance in the distribution of the taxpayers’ private cost of evading raises both tax compliance and the ex-ante welfare of taxpayers. The effects of the uncertainty about the audit cost faced by the tax authority are generally ambiguous. We also discuss the implications of our model for the regressive (or progressive) bias of the effective tax system.     

An expanded model of taxpayer compliance: empirical evidence from the United States and Hong Kong

There are a number of differences in the tax system structures of the U.S. and Hong Kong. In addition, the literature suggests there are significant differences between U.S. and Hong Kong (Chinese) cultures. This study explores whether taxpayer compliance is influenced by these differences.Fischer et al.’s (1992) expanded model of taxpayer compliance is used as the underlying theoretical framework. The model is empirically tested using a structural equations approach with a convenience sample of Hong Kong and U.S. taxpayers. Results indicate education has a direct, negative effect on compliance in both groups. This effect is moderated by an indirect, positive link between education, moral development, and compliance. The significant differences noted are that U.S. (Hong Kong) taxpayers used higher (lower) stages of moral reasoning, had more (less) favorable attitudes toward the tax system, and were more (less) compliant. These results suggest that efforts to increase taxpayer compliance need to be tailored to the structure of the tax system and the predominant culture of the taxpayers.     

国外税收遵从的实践

西方国家普遍认为税务管理的目标是规范纳税人行为,提高纳税人自觉遵从税法的程度。本文介绍了税务遵从实践中美国和澳大利亚的经验,并针对我国税务管理提出了几点建议:科学认识我国目前的征管现状,构建以提高税收遵从为导向的税务管理体系;以提高税收遵从为目标指导下一步信息化建设;提倡"合作遵从",构建和谐的征纳关系;以税收遵从为指导解决征管资源有限和经济高速发展的矛盾。     

税收心理学的基本概念

税收遵从是近年来公共财政学研究领域的一个热点问题,其研究方法主要采用了经济分析的框架。事实上,税收遵从问题是一个复杂的行为问题,除了经济因素之外,还有一些诸如社会影响、社会规范、态度、道德伦理、价值观等因素也对税收遵从具有重要的影响。对这些因素进行研究就涉及到心理学和社会学的方法,为此甚至产生了专门的税收心理学,其主要运用社会调查、受控实验等方法研究纳税人和税收政策制定者的偏好、认知、态度等。     

Tax compliance in a social setting: The influence of social norms,trust in government,and perceived fairness on taxpayer compliance

Voluntary tax compliance is important for governments around the world as they try to manage budget deficits. Traditional methods to improve tax compliance, such as increased audits, can be costly to implement. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence that social factors have on individuals' tax compliance intentions. Results of a survey of 217 U.S. taxpayers found support for the influence of social factors on tax compliance. This research concludes that social norms influence compliance intentions indirectly through internalization as personal norms. Specifically, as the strength of social norms in favor of tax compliance increases, personal norms of tax compliance also increase, and this leads to a subsequent increase in compliance intentions. We also conclude that trust in government has a significant influence on both perceived fairness of the tax system and compliance decisions. This study adds to current tax research in two important ways. First, the results suggest that the influence of social norms on tax compliance is largely through internalization as personal norms. Second, to the best of our knowledge this is also the first tax compliance study in which perception of fairness is modeled as a function of trust rather than vice-versa. This research may help taxing authorities develop less costly and more effective strategies for increasing taxpayer compliance.     

Compliance costs for personal income tax in a transition country: the case of Slovenia

The evaluation of taxpayers' compliance costs has grown in significance within tax system research over the last 15 years. In 2001, two surveys of VAT and personal income taxpayers were conducted in Slovenia to evaluate compliance costs for the 2000 fiscal year. This paper presents the results of research into compliance costs for personal income tax in Slovenia. The results show that compliance costs for personal income tax are relatively low, primarily because most taxpayers consider filing their tax declaration to be a simple procedure, which means that consultancy costs are low.     

新个人所得税法对扣纳双方的影响及应对——基于扣缴人义务及纳税人行为视角

新个人所得税法在实践中的运行效果取决于征纳双方在税收征管过程中的耦合作用。一方面,作为联系税务机关与纳税人的中介与桥梁,扣缴人在个税预扣预缴及汇算清缴方面发挥着重要作用;另一方面,税制结构变化与缴税申报模式转变对纳税人影响深远。在新个人所得税下,扣缴人的扣缴清缴合规、沟通保密及判定审查等义务均有不同程度的增加、拓展或提升。而纳税人的缴税申报、现金管理及税收规避等行为更易于引致税务管控及稽查。落实应对建议有助于促使扣纳双方在税务合规的框架内发挥正向合力作用,凭借税收法治助力个税财政收入的实现。     

Small business tax policy and informality: evidence from Georgia

Using a panel of administrative data and regression discontinuity analysis, this paper examines how the introduction of preferential tax regimes for Georgian micro- and small businesses in 2010 affected formal firm creation and tax compliance. The results show that the new tax regime for micro-businesses increased the number of newly registered firms by 27–41 % below the eligibility threshold during the first year of the reform, but not in subsequent years. We do not find an effect of the new tax regime for small businesses on formal firm creation in any year. Policy makers are often also concerned about abuse risks stemming from differentiated tax treatment of micro- and small businesses. The analysis in this paper reveals reduced tax compliance among small taxpayers for multiple years after the reform and among micro-business taxpayers only during the first year of the reform.